Physics of Wave Phenomena最新文献

{"title":"Determination of the Number of Free Water Molecules in Aqueous Solutions on the Basis of Interrelated Consideration of the Polarization Processes in Water in the THz Frequency Range","authors":"N. V. Penkov,&nbsp;N. A. Penkova","doi":"10.3103/S1541308X2303007X","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1541308X2303007X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The structure of aqueous solutions has been studied for a long time; however, many things still remain unclear. One of the ways to describe the water structure is the statistical approach, within which the distribution of water molecules over mobility, connectivity, number of hydrogen bonds, etc. is analyzed. An important parameter in this consideration is the equilibrium number of free water molecules, which are not bound by hydrogen bonds and do not enter the composition of hydrate shells. There are not any completely justified approaches for calculating the fraction of free water molecules in solutions. Aqueous solutions are known to have a weak band of the relaxation type (differing from the classical Debye relaxation band) in the THz frequency range. This band is assigned to the orientational relaxation of free water molecules. In this paper we theoretically consider the process of orientational relaxation of free water molecules in an aqueous solution in the THz range. The theory is based on the Onsager polarization model, modified for application in the THz range. The field screening due to the higher frequency polarization processes is taken into account. Particular attention is paid to the field screening due to the orientational polarization of bound water molecules. Based on this consideration the ratio between the fractions of free water molecules in solution and the parameters of spectral bands of water molecular dynamics is obtained. The calculated numbers of free water molecules, obtained within the proposed theory and other known (simpler) approaches, are compared for some solutions. It is shown that, if the field screening is taken into account when considering the orientational polarization of free water molecules, their number increases. For example, the number of free molecules for liquid water at 25°С, with complete consideration of screening, is about 9%.</p>","PeriodicalId":732,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Wave Phenomena","volume":"31 3","pages":"171 - 179"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4390322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical and Electron Microscopy of Clusters of Nd3+:LaF3 Nanoparticles Synthesized by the HTMW Method","authors":"G. O. Silaev,&nbsp;V. N. Krasheninnikov,&nbsp;A. T. Shaidulin,&nbsp;O. V. Uvarov,&nbsp;E. O. Orlovskaya,&nbsp;Yu. V. Orlovskii,&nbsp;Yu. G. Vainer","doi":"10.3103/S1541308X23030093","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1541308X23030093","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A comparative study of the sizes and spatial structure of single dielectric colloidal nanoparticles of lanthanum fluoride, doped with rare-earth neodymium ions (Nd³⁺:LaF₃), and their conglomerates in an aqueous solution has been performed. Nanoparticles were synthesized by aqueous co-precipitation method with subsequent hydrothermal microwave (HTMW) treatment. Experiments were performed using three methods: transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). An analysis of the results has shown that a stable colloidal solution of nanoparticles is formed during synthesis. The solution consists of single lanthanum fluoride nanoparticles, having a narrow (10–30 nm) size distribution, and nanoclusters formed on their basis. It is also shown that the spatial structure of nanoclusters cannot be described in terms of the fractal model, which is widely used to describe clusters formed in colloidal solutions of nanoparticles of various nature.</p>","PeriodicalId":732,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Wave Phenomena","volume":"31 3","pages":"160 - 170"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4031336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Set of Solutions to the Schrödinger Equation as Illustrated with the Description of Water Clusters","authors":"K. E. Plokhotnikov","doi":"10.3103/S1541308X23030081","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1541308X23030081","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A procedure is discussed for obtaining various solutions to the Schrödinger equation by the Monte Carlo method. Water clusters, namely, the hexamer 6(H₂O), dodecamer 12(H₂O), and tetradecamer 14(H₂O) are used as quantum systems to illustrate the procedure. Various solutions to the Schrödinger equation are derived from the algorithm earlier proposed by the author, which is based on the intersection of the finite-difference and Monte Carlo approaches and on the water-cluster-tested methods for spatially reducing scattering centers of particle nuclei and scattering centers of electrons of an arbitrary quantum system. Ultimately, it has become possible to construct an algorithm for generating an unlimited number of various spatial structures of scattering clouds of particle nuclei and electrons at a given dissociation energy of a quantum system.</p>","PeriodicalId":732,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Wave Phenomena","volume":"31 3","pages":"151 - 159"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4031329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural and Spectral Signatures of Alkali Metal Ions in Water Clusters","authors":"Yu. V. Novakovskaya","doi":"10.3103/S1541308X23030068","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1541308X23030068","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Analysis of the results of nonempirical simulations of Met⁺(H₂O)_<i>n</i> clusters with Met = Li, Na, and K, and <i>n</i> = 20–55 carried out at the density functional level with B3LYP exchange-correlation functional and extended double-zeta basis sets revealed the prevailing structure motifs of the aqua complexes of alkali metal ions and their fingerprints in the infrared absorption spectra in the range of 2000–4000 cm^–1. The hydration structures of the ions are found to be predetermined by the balance between the conjugated H-bonded rings and extended ordered H-bonded sequences. The extension of the latter is shown to decrease with an increase in the effective radius of the ion, which is reflected in the stronger localization of the coupling of OH oscillators within the homodromic structural rings and the respective shift in the characteristic frequencies within the OH stretching domain.</p>","PeriodicalId":732,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Wave Phenomena","volume":"31 3","pages":"141 - 150"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4031698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasmonic Resonance of Low-Frequency Stimulated Raman Scattering during Water Optical Breakdown","authors":"V. A. Babenko,&nbsp;N. F. Bunkin,&nbsp;A. A. Sychev","doi":"10.3103/S1541308X23030032","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1541308X23030032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><h3>\u0000 <b>Abstract</b>—</h3><p>Experiments on time-dependent stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and optical breakdown in the field of a picosecond laser pulse were performed with water samples containing gas nanobubbles (bubstons) with different concentrations. It is found that an optical breakdown in water contacting with atmosphere for a long time leads to the occurrence of an anomalously strong low-frequency SRS line at a frequency of ≈700 cm^–1; its intensity significantly exceeds that of the SRS line at the frequency ≈3410 cm^–1, which is due to the O–H stretching vibration of water molecules. A hypothesis about generation of a resonant plasmon during bubston breakdown in water was proposed to explain the observed effect. It is shown that the resonant plasmon was excited due to the pump wave beating and low-frequency Stokes scattering wave, shifted by the frequency of librational vibration of water molecules.</p></div></div>","PeriodicalId":732,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Wave Phenomena","volume":"31 3","pages":"180 - 188"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4031502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of the Vibration Impact Mode on the Spontaneous Chemiluminescence of Aqueous Protein Solutions","authors":"M. E. Astashev,&nbsp;D. A. Serov,&nbsp;R. M. Sarimov,&nbsp;S. V. Gudkov","doi":"10.3103/S1541308X23030020","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1541308X23030020","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A characteristic feature of water and aqueous solutions is spontaneous chemiluminescence. Previously we have discovered the phenomenon of activation of the spontaneous chemiluminescence of water during shaking, with subsequent decreasing chemiluminescence intensity and reaching a stationary level. It is unclear how spontaneous chemiluminescence of water depends on the shaking conditions. It is also of interest how such physical factors as mechanical shaking or alternating magnetic field may affect the chemiluminescence in solutions with biological objects, for example, in aqueous protein solutions. In this study we investigated the dependence of the spontaneous chemiluminescence of bovine serum albumin solution on the mechanical impact conditions (frequency, amplitude, and duration), as well as the influence of ac magnetic field on the spontaneous chemiluminescence of immunoglobulin G solution. In the case of albumin solution a vibration impact with an amplitude of 12 mm caused a decrease in the chemiluminescence intensity in comparison with a control albumin sample, which was not exposed to vibrations. The severity of the effect was independent of the time and frequency of the vibration impact. Shaking with a frequency of 30 Hz and an amplitude of 2.3 mm increased the average chemiluminescence intensity. Spontaneous chemiluminescence of water depends to a greater extent on the amplitude and duration of the mechanical impact rather than on its frequency. The chemiluminescence intensity of a bovine serum albumin solution with a concentration of 1 mg/mL decreased in comparison with the check sample in all shaking modes. The most pronounced effects were observed for an amplitude of 12 mm and/or a frequency of 30 Hz. Time dependence was observed for the mode with an amplitude of 12 mm and a frequency of 30 Hz. Therefore, the spontaneous chemiluminescence of aqueous protein solutions depends to a greater extent on the amplitude and vibration frequency and to a lesser extent on the impact duration. The influence of ac magnetic field on the physical characteristics of water is described. We found that the magnetic field did not affect the water chemiluminescence parameters but changed the intensity and RMS deviation of the chemiluminescence intensity of IgG aqueous solutions. The effect severity depended on both the frequency of applied ac magnetic field and on the protein concentration.</p>","PeriodicalId":732,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Wave Phenomena","volume":"31 3","pages":"189 - 199"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4031699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Water and Aqueous Solutions in the Formation of Induction Periods of Hydration and Structure Formation of Cement Stone","authors":"N. P. Gorlenko,&nbsp;B. I. Laptev,&nbsp;Yu. S. Sarkisov,&nbsp;V. A. Zhuravlev,&nbsp;G. N. Sidorenko,&nbsp;I. A. Prishchepa","doi":"10.3103/S1541308X23030056","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1541308X23030056","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The study of the induction periods of hydration and structure formation of cement stone is one of the most urgent problems of modern building materials science. Water and aqueous solutions of inorganic salts are the most widespread forms of <i>mixing liquids</i> for cement systems. The properties of distilled water and aqueous solutions of sodium chloride with different concentrations have been investigated by dielectrometry. It is proposed to consider the structural organization of water and aqueous solutions as a combination of strongly and weakly bound water. The strongly bound water is the result of manifestation of hydrogen bond forces; this type of water specifies the ordered state of the system. Weakly bound water causes fragmentation of the initial water continuum into smaller structural units. The change in the impedance and admittance spectra of cement paste during hardening has been analyzed. Spectra were measured in the frequency range from 20 Hz to 2 MHz using a capacitor measurement cell. Investigations have been performed to find the optimal equivalent electric circuits describing the transformation of the electrical properties of cement paste and the interface phenomena occurring in the near-electrode layer of the measurement cell in dependence of the hardening time. It is found that the equivalent circuit parameters are sensitive to different stages of cement paste hardening. A relationship between the spectra of electrical parameters and the processes of cement stone hardening is demonstrated.</p>","PeriodicalId":732,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Wave Phenomena","volume":"31 3","pages":"206 - 215"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4031830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probable Structural Invariant in Some Transitions between Crystal Water Phases","authors":"E. A. Zheligovskaya","doi":"10.3103/S1541308X23030111","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1541308X23030111","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Probable structural mechanisms with structural invariants based on a chain of six-membered cycles linked through a common atom are proposed for some transitions between crystal water phases. It is shown that in the II → Ic transition with the structural invariant under consideration, 5/6 of the hydrogen bonds of the initial structure are retained, while in the same transition considered previously with the structural invariant in the form of a band of six-membered cycles linked through a shared bond, only 3/4 of the bonds of the initial structure are retained. In the V → Ic transition, both structural invariants (chains of six-membered cycles linked through a common atom and bands of six-membered cycles linked through a shared bond) are shown to be retained simultaneously. For the structural mechanism of the V → Ic transition with these structural invariants, 11/14 of hydrogen bonds of the initial structure are retained. It is shown that structural invariants of the mechanisms for the IX → Ic, VI → Ic, IX → II, and II → III transitions may also be based on a chain of six-membered cycles linked through a common atom.</p>","PeriodicalId":732,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Wave Phenomena","volume":"31 3","pages":"127 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4031851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Equation of State of Hafnium at High Pressures in Shock Waves","authors":"K. V. Khishchenko","doi":"10.3103/S1541308X23020073","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1541308X23020073","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The thermodynamic properties of hafnium under the high pressures obtained behind the shock wave front are described. A simple model in the form of a dependence of pressure on the specific volume and specific internal energy is proposed. The thermodynamic characteristics of the body-centered cubic (bcc) solid phase and melt of hafnium under high shock-compression pressures are calculated. The calculation results are compared with the available data of shock-wave experiments. The resulting equation of state of hafnium can be used in numerical simulation of the processes occurring at high pressures in shock waves.</p>","PeriodicalId":732,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Wave Phenomena","volume":"31 2","pages":"123 - 125"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4096704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physicochemical Methods of Studying Hydrogen Peroxide for Biomedical Applications","authors":"E. V. Stepanov,&nbsp;I. A. Shcherbakov","doi":"10.3103/S1541308X23020103","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1541308X23020103","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The role of hydrogen peroxide molecule (Н₂О₂) in the vital functions of biological objects has been considered. The mechanisms of Н₂О₂ formation and its relationship with redox reactions, as well as some possible methods of analyzing the Н₂О₂ content in liquid and gaseous media, are discussed. In particular, the possibility of using highly sensitive methods of laser spectral analysis for detecting Н₂О₂ traces in exhaled air, which are promising for diagnostics of various pathologies, is considered. The absorption spectra of exhaled air are analyzed, and the strongest H₂O₂ spectral lines (isolated from the influence of other gaseous metabolites), applicable for detecting Н₂О₂ by diode laser spectroscopy, are chosen.</p>","PeriodicalId":732,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Wave Phenomena","volume":"31 2","pages":"92 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4097351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}