Giovanni Andrea Casula;Antonello Mascia;Enrico Mattana;Giacomo Muntoni;Giuseppe Sforazzini;Piero Cosseddu;Paolo Maxia;Giorgio Montisci
{"title":"The Role of PEDOT Deposition in the Fabrication of Flexible RF Sensors","authors":"Giovanni Andrea Casula;Antonello Mascia;Enrico Mattana;Giacomo Muntoni;Giuseppe Sforazzini;Piero Cosseddu;Paolo Maxia;Giorgio Montisci","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2025.3548897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2025.3548897","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the integration of Poly(3,4)-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT), a conductive polymer, into high-frequency (HF) RFID tags for real-time sensing applications. By modeling PEDOT as a material with variable conductivity, the study investigates three deposition strategies: partial replacement of metallic traces, selective application to specific regions, and full tag coating. The impact of PEDOT molecular organization and deposition technique on sensor performance is analyzed to optimize functionality. The proposed sensor is cost-effective, scalable, and fully compatible with existing 13.56 MHz RFID infrastructure. Experimental evaluations and numerical simulations confirm its ability to precisely modulate the tag frequency response based on environmental stimuli. Key applications include logistics, healthcare, IoT systems, and environmental monitoring, enabling advanced tracking, temperature integrity control, and sustainability. Building on preliminary simulations, this work advances to rigorous experimental validation, demonstrating the potential of organic semiconductor-based RFID sensors as a transformative solution for high-sensitivity, real-time monitoring in industrial and commercial settings.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"9 ","pages":"95-105"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Automatic, Smart, Safe, and Battery-Less Environment Monitoring With IoT: Communication, Localization, and Sensing","authors":"Glauco Cecchi;Andrea Motroni;Andrea Ria;Paolo Nepa","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2025.3548569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2025.3548569","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an automatic, smart, safe and battery-less network for environmental monitoring implemented by passive Internet of Things (IoT) sensing devices with an Ultra High-Frequency (UHF) Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) interface. A mobile robot navigates into the environment enabling continuous and automatic communication with passive RFID sensor tags deployed at specified locations and their localization as well. These low-power sensors, identified through the tag Electronic Product Code (EPC), may provide temperature, humidity, lighting, or other data through the RFID standardized communication protocol. To enhance the system degree of automation, passive RFID tags implementing antenna self-tuning strategies are also exploited by the robot to identify obstacles in the environment by exploiting the same mobile RFID architecture used for environmental monitoring. Fine-grained positioning of passive RFID sensors is achieved with techniques based on the Synthetic Arrays principle. The paper presents a demonstrator illustrating the described system. It includes passive RFID sensor tags designed for indoor temperature monitoring, with a moving antenna featured to localize the sensor tags and detect self-tuning tags installed for the collision-avoidance system. The performance confirms the practicality of the proposed IoT system.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"9 ","pages":"106-116"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrea Ria;Simone Contardi;Massimo Piotto;Paolo Bruschi
{"title":"Wireless Single-Chip ECG Monitoring System With Bioimpedance Analysis","authors":"Andrea Ria;Simone Contardi;Massimo Piotto;Paolo Bruschi","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2025.3546623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2025.3546623","url":null,"abstract":"Low-cost commercial ECG electrodes combined with custom integrated electronic circuits can create a compact system capable of performing both ECG and bioimpedance measurements. This paper introduces a compact and wireless solution for ECG and bioimpedance acquisition, relying on a newly introduced versatile low-power, mixed-signal single chip sensor interface, without the need for complex acquisition and signal processing algorithms. Experimental tests were conducted on a prototype to evaluate its ability to measure biomedical signals. Results are compared with the performance of commercial device with excellent agreement.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"9 ","pages":"88-94"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Compact ZOR Patch Antenna With Embedded Meandered Lines for UHF RFID Tag Design on Metal Platform","authors":"Shin-Yi Ooi;Eng-Hock Lim;Pei-Song Chee;Chun-Hui Tan;Jen-Hahn Low","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2025.3544414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2025.3544414","url":null,"abstract":"For the first time, two sections of planar meandered lines are incorporated with a compact C-shaped patch structure for designing a zeroth-order tag antenna that can be applied on metallic platforms. The proposed antenna operates at a resonance frequency of 0.915 GHz, which falls within the US UHF RFID (0.902 – 0.928 GHz). The meandered lines can introduce sufficient inductances for enabling the zeroth-order resonance. Also, the line dimension can be adjusted to tune the tag resonant frequency effectively. An analysis of the antenna’s characteristics was carried out through unit cell simulation. It has been found that the zeroth-order resonance can be successfully excited even with the inclusion of the microchip. The proposed tag antenna is compact (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$20times 40times 1.6$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm3), and it has a broadside read pattern with a long distance of up to 11.29 m at EIRP 4 W. When tested on various metal objects, the proposed tag has demonstrated consistent read performances.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"9 ","pages":"80-87"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Real-Time Air Quality Monitoring: A Smart IoT System Using Low-Cost Sensors and 3-D Printing","authors":"Ainhoa Osa-Sanchez;Begonya Garcia-Zapirain","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2025.3541816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2025.3541816","url":null,"abstract":"This project developed a portable air quality station housed in a 3D-printed enclosure, designed to streamline data sampling and minimize material use in laboratory settings. With health concerns related to specific gases and particulates, especially for vulnerable populations such as asthmatics and children, this innovation has significant potential for improving public health. The importance of indoor ventilation has been underscored by COVID-19, which is primarily transmitted through airborne particles, highlighting the need for efficient monitoring and risk reduction strategies. The station utilizes open-source Python software, with a Raspberry Pi as the core data collection and storage unit, interfacing with various sensors via GPIO, serial, and I2C connections. The modular design of the device allows users to customize measurements and focus on specific pollutants. Validation through end-user testing confirmed the system’s effectiveness and usability in practical settings. The portable setup offers a cost-effective solution for building air quality networks that address the needs of vulnerable groups. The module demonstrated a high reliability rate of 95.30% in detecting common pollutants, validated through CO2 monitoring in classrooms (with a 90.47% reliability compared to commercial devices) and outdoor air quality assessments (with an 85.63% reliability rate.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"9 ","pages":"65-79"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IEEE Council on RFID","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2025.3525893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2025.3525893","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"9 ","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10852536","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143106213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IEEE Journal of Radio Frequency Identification Publication Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2025.3525891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2025.3525891","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"9 ","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10852365","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143106218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"2024 Index IEEE Journal of Radio Frequency Identification Vol. 8","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2025.3533676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2025.3533676","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"8 ","pages":"865-886"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10851446","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143105724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yichong Ren;Chia-Heng Sun;Chien-Hao Liu;Chung-Tse Michael Wu;Pai-Yen Chen
{"title":"Wireless Anti-Counterfeiting Labels Using RF Oscillators With Graphene Quantum Capacitors","authors":"Yichong Ren;Chia-Heng Sun;Chien-Hao Liu;Chung-Tse Michael Wu;Pai-Yen Chen","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2025.3529343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2025.3529343","url":null,"abstract":"We propose here a lightweight, reconfigurable graphene-based physical unclonable function (PUF) for wireless identification and authentication applications. Specifically, the PUF-based anti-counterfeiting label consists of a micro-coil antenna and a graphene quantum capacitor, forming an LC oscillator. Natural fluctuations in the Dirac point and residue charge density of graphene enable each graphene oscillator to have a unique radio-frequency (RF) response (i.e., electromagnetic fingerprint), whose uniqueness and entropy can be further enhanced by exploiting the exceptional point (EP)-based (near-field) wireless interrogation system. These randomized and irreproducible RF responses can be properly discretized and digitized to form a binary bitmap of cryptographic keys. Our simulation results show that PUF keys generated by graphene oscillators can exhibit high uniqueness and randomness, large encoding capacity, as well as reconfigurability enabled by electrostatically or chemically tuning the graphene’s Fermi energy. The proposed PUF-based wireless anti-counterfeiting labels may open a new pathway for the development of lightweight security protocol for radio-frequency identification (RFID), near-field communications (NFC), wireless access control, and Internet-of-things (IoTs), among other wireless applications.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"9 ","pages":"38-45"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143106210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Novel Electromagnetic Field Confinement Device Based on SIW Technology for RFID Near-Field Applications","authors":"Álvaro Jaque;Gerard Zamora;Jordi Bonache","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2025.3525543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2025.3525543","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a slotted waveguide structure based on SIW technology is presented as a near-field RFID reader antenna. The structure enables the control of electromagnetic field decay with distance. A prototype that operates within the EPC Gen2 protocol was implemented. The imposed decay factor was achieved as 1 dB/cm at 867 MHz and 2 dB/cm at 915 MHz. The structure was fabricated using a Rogers RO3010 substrate, with silver ink applied to the edges of the SIW. A comparison between theoretical predictions and experimental electric field decay in the broadside direction is presented, demonstrating a high degree of agreement between them. Additionally, S-parameters are provided, illustrating excellent impedance matching across the entire bandwidth. The system’s functionality was verified by connecting the device to a Motorola FX7500 RFID reader and testing the read range with a commercial tag oriented and placed in various positions along the structure.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"9 ","pages":"32-37"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10820536","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143106215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}