Human reproduction open最新文献

{"title":"Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence for first trimester dydrogesterone-induced birth defects","authors":"Reshma Quadros, Gaurav Puppalwar, Amey Mane, Suyog Mehta","doi":"10.1093/hropen/hoae030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hropen/hoae030","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73264,"journal":{"name":"Human reproduction open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140989102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply: Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence for first trimester dydrogesterone-induced birth defects","authors":"Alexander Katalinic, Maria R Noftz, Juan Garcia-Velasco, Lee P Shulman, John van den Anker, Jerry Strauss","doi":"10.1093/hropen/hoae031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hropen/hoae031","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73264,"journal":{"name":"Human reproduction open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140987822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Human Reproduction Open</i>, a wild mustang in the prairie of science.","authors":"Edgardo Somigliana, Anja Pinborg, Andrew Williams","doi":"10.1093/hropen/hoae022","DOIUrl":"10.1093/hropen/hoae022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73264,"journal":{"name":"Human reproduction open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11074005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140878099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obstetric and perinatal outcomes in women with previous breast cancer: a nationwide study of singleton births 1973–2017","authors":"L. Gkekos, A. Johansson, K. Rodriguez-Wallberg, I. Fredriksson, F. Lundberg","doi":"10.1093/hropen/hoae027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hropen/hoae027","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 What are the obstetric and perinatal outcomes in births to breast cancer survivors compared to women without previous breast cancer?\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Women who conceived during the first 2 years following a breast cancer diagnosis had a higher risk for preterm birth, induced delivery and caesarean section, while no increased risks were observed in births conceived later than 2 years after breast cancer diagnosis.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A recent meta-analysis found higher risks of caesarean section, preterm birth, low birthweight, and small for gestational age in pregnancies among breast cancer survivors. Less is known about rarer outcomes such as pre-eclampsia or congenital malformations.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We conducted a population-based matched cohort study including all breast cancer survivors who gave birth to singletons 1973–2017 in Sweden, identified through linkage between the Swedish Cancer Register, the Medical Birth Register, and the National Quality Register for Breast Cancer.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Each birth following breast cancer (n = 926) was matched by maternal age at delivery, parity and calendar year at delivery to 100 births in a comparator cohort of women (n = 92,490). Conditional logistic and multinomial regression models estimated relative risks (RR) with 95% CI. Subgroup analyses by time since diagnosis and type of treatment were performed.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Previous breast cancer was associated with higher risks of induced delivery (RR; 1.3, 1.0–1.6), very preterm birth (RR; 1.8, 1.1–3.0) and planned preterm birth (RR; 1.6, 1.0–2.4). Women that conceived within 1 year after breast cancer diagnosis had higher risks of caesarean section (RR; 1.7, 1.0–2.7), very preterm birth (RR; 5.3, 1.9–14.8) and low birthweight (RR; 2.7, 1.4–5.2), while the risks of induced delivery (RR; 1.8, 1.1–2.9), moderately preterm birth (RR; 2.1, 1.2–3.7) and planned preterm birth (RR; 2.5, 1.1–5.7) were higher in women that conceived during the second year after diagnosis. Women that conceived later than 2 years after breast cancer diagnosis had similar obstetric risks to their comparators.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 As information on end date of treatment was unavailable, time between the date of diagnosis and conception was used as a proxy, which does not fully capture the effect of time since end of treatment. In addition, treatments and clinical recommendations have changed over the long study period, which may impact childbearing patterns in breast cancer survivors.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Risks of adverse obstetric outcomes in breast cancer survivors were confined to births conceived within 2 years of diagnosis. As family building holds significance for numerous young breast cancer patients, these findings are particularly important to inform both breast cancer survivors and clinicians about future reproductive outcomes.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This work was supported by the Swedish Cancer Society (grant number 22-2044 Pj Anna Johansson), Karolinska Institutet Foundations (grant number: 2022-01696 Frida Lundberg, 2022-01559 Anna Johansson), and the Sw","PeriodicalId":73264,"journal":{"name":"Human reproduction open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141014552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply: Inaccurate measures of outcomes in the two-sample Mendelian randomization of vitamin D with miscarriage.","authors":"Feng Zhang, Jingtao Huang, Gangting Zhang, Mengyang Dai, Tailang Yin, Chunyu Huang, Jue Liu, Yan Zhang","doi":"10.1093/hropen/hoae026","DOIUrl":"10.1093/hropen/hoae026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73264,"journal":{"name":"Human reproduction open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11101280/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141066668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inaccurate measures of outcomes in the two-sample Mendelian randomization of vitamin D with miscarriage.","authors":"Qian Yang, Yangbo Sun, Deborah A Lawlor","doi":"10.1093/hropen/hoae025","DOIUrl":"10.1093/hropen/hoae025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73264,"journal":{"name":"Human reproduction open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11101279/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141066665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection in IVF-conceived early pregnancy and the risk of miscarriage: a matched retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Jian Xu, Di Mao, Chunlin Liu, Ling Sun","doi":"10.1093/hropen/hoae024","DOIUrl":"10.1093/hropen/hoae024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study question: </strong>Is SARS-CoV-2 infection in IVF-conceived early pregnancy associated with a higher risk of miscarriage?</p><p><strong>Summary answer: </strong>Infection with SARS-CoV-2 during early pregnancy in women conceiving by IVF may not be associated with an increased rate of miscarriage.</p><p><strong>What is known already: </strong>In naturally conceived pregnancies, most findings have shown that SARS-CoV-2 infection does not increase the risk of miscarriage, while some studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with a higher risk of miscarriage.</p><p><strong>Study design size duration: </strong>A matched retrospective cohort study was conducted in a tertiary hospital-based reproductive medicine center. The infection group included women who contracted coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) before 20 weeks gestation from 6 December 2022 to 10 January 2023. Each infected woman was matched with three historical control subjects from 1 January 2018 to 31 May 2022.</p><p><strong>Participants/materials setting methods: </strong>The infection group was matched with historical control subjects based on female age (±1 year), number of gestational sacs, number of previous miscarriages, BMI (±2 kg/cm²), main causes of infertility, gestational week, and fresh versus frozen embryo transfer.</p><p><strong>Main results and the role of chance: </strong>A total of 150 pregnant women infected with COVID-19 before 20 weeks of gestation were included in the infection group, which was matched at a 3:1 ratio with 450 historically pregnant controls. There were no significant differences in age, BMI, and endometrial thickness between the two groups. The overall incidence of miscarriage was not significantly different between the infection group and the control group (4.7% versus 5.8%, <i>P</i> = 0.68). When the infection group was stratified into three subgroups based on the gestational age at the onset of infection (0-7 + 6, 8-11 + 6, and 12-19 + 6 weeks), no significant differences were observed in the incidence of miscarriage between the infection group and the matched control group in any of the subgroups (9.8% versus 13.8%, <i>P</i> = 0.60; 5.4% versus 4.5%, <i>P</i> = 1.00; and 1.4% versus 1.9%, <i>P</i> = 1.00, respectively).</p><p><strong>Limitations reasons for caution: </strong>The major limitation of this study is the relatively small sample size; therefore, caution is suggested when drawing any definitive conclusions. Nonetheless, our study is the largest sample study of the influence of COVID-19 infection on the miscarriage rate in early pregnancy after IVF.</p><p><strong>Wider implications of the findings: </strong>Our findings may provide important insights for reproductive physicians and obstetricians during preconception and early pregnancy counseling.</p><p><strong>Study funding/competing interests: </strong>This study was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (No. 2023A15","PeriodicalId":73264,"journal":{"name":"Human reproduction open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11099652/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141066258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The severity of meiotic aneuploidy is associated with altered morphokinetic variables of mouse oocyte maturation","authors":"Yiru Zhu, Catherine Kratka, Jeffrey Pea, Hoi Chang Lee, Caroline E. Kratka, Jia Xu, Diego Marin, Nathan R Treff, Francesca E Duncan","doi":"10.1093/hropen/hoae023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hropen/hoae023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Is there an association between morphokinetic variables of meiotic maturation and the severity of aneuploidy following in vitro maturation (IVM) in the mouse?\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The severity of meiotic aneuploidy correlates with an extended time to first polar body extrusion (tPB1) and duration of meiosis I (dMI).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Morphokinetic variables measured using time-lapse technology allow for the non-invasive evaluation of preimplantation embryo development within clinical assisted reproductive technology (ART). We recently applied this technology to monitor meiotic progression during IVM of mouse gametes. Whether there is a relationship between morphokinetic variables of meiotic progression and aneuploidy in the resulting egg has not been systematically examined at the resolution of specific chromosomes. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a robust clinical tool for determining aneuploidy status and has been reverse-translated in mouse blastocysts and oocytes. Therefore, we harnessed the technologies of time-lapse imaging and NGS to determine the relationship between the morphokinetics of meiotic progression and egg aneuploidy.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected from large antral follicles from hyperstimulated CD-1 mice. Cumulus cells were removed, and spontaneous IVM was performed in the absence or presence of two doses of Nocodazole (25 nM or 50 nM) to induce a spectrum of spindle abnormalities and chromosome segregation errors during oocyte meiosis. Comprehensive chromosome screening was then performed in the resulting eggs, and morphokinetic variables and ploidy status were compared across experimental groups (control, n = 11; 25 nM Nocodazole, n = 13; 50 nM Nocodazole, n = 23).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We monitored IVM in mouse oocytes using time-lapse microscopy for 16 hours, and time to germinal vesicle breakdown (tGVBD), time to first polar body extrusion (tPB1), and duration of meiosis I (dMI) were analyzed. Following IVM, comprehensive chromosome screening was performed on the eggs and their matched first polar bodies via adaptation of an NGS-based preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) assay. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to align reads to the mouse genome and determine copy number-based predictions of aneuploidy. The concordance of each polar body–egg pair (reciprocal errors) was used to validate the results. Ploidy status was categorized as euploid, 1–3 chromosomal segregation errors, or ≥ 4 chromosomal segregation errors. Additionally, aneuploidy due to premature separation of sister chromatids versus non-disjunction was distinguished.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We applied and validated state-of-the-art NGS technology to screen aneuploidy in individual mouse eggs and matched polar bodies at the chromosome-specific level. By performing IVM in the presence of different doses of Nocodazole, we induced a range of aneuploidy. No aneuploidy was observed in the absence of Nocodazole (0/11), whereas IVM in the presence of 25 nM and 50 nM Noco","PeriodicalId":73264,"journal":{"name":"Human reproduction open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140667316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current global status of male reproductive health","authors":"C. J. De Jonge, Christopher L R Barratt, R. J. Aitken, Richard A Anderson, Peter Baker, David Y L Chan, Mark P Connolly, Michael L Eisenberg, N. Garrido, Niels Jørgensen, Sarah Kimmins, C. Krausz, Robert I. McLachlan, C. Niederberger, Moira K ÓBryan, Allan Pacey, L. Priskorn, S. Rautakallio-Hokkanen, G. Serour, J. Veltman, Donna L Vogel, M. Vazquez-Levin","doi":"10.1093/hropen/hoae017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hropen/hoae017","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The widespread interest in male reproductive health (MRH), fueled by emerging evidence, such as the global decline in sperm counts, has intensified concerns about the status of MRH. Consequently, there is a pressing requirement for a strategic, systematic approach to identify critical questions, collect pertinent information, and utilize this data to develop evidence-based strategies. The methods for addressing these questions and the pathways towards their answers will inevitably vary based on the variations in cultural, geopolitical, and health-related contexts. To address these issues, a conjoint ESHRE and Male Reproductive Health Initiative (MRHI) Campus workshop was convened.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The three objectives were: first, to assess the current state of MRH around the world; second, to identify some of the key gaps in knowledge; and, third, to examine how MRH stakeholders can collaboratively generate intelligent and effective paths forward.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Each expert reviewed and summarized the current literature that was subsequently used to provide a comprehensive overview of challenges related to MRH.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This narrative report is an overview of the data, opinions and arguments presented during the workshop. A number of outcomes are presented and can be summarized by the following overarching themes: MRH is a serious global issue and there is a plethora of gaps in our understanding; there is a need for widespread international collaborative networks to undertake multidisciplinary research into fundamental issues, such as lifestyle/environmental exposure studies, and high quality clincial trials; and there is an urgent requirement for effective strategies to educate young people and the general public to safeguard and improve MRH across diverse population demographics and resources.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This was a workshop where worldwide leading experts from a wide range of disciplines presented and discussed the evidence regarding challenges related to MRH. Whilst each expert summarised the current literature and placed it in context, the data in a number of areas is limited and/or sparse. Equally, important areas for consideration may have been missed. Moreover, there are clear gaps in our knowledge base, which makes some conclusions necessarily speculative and warranting of further study.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Poor MRH is a global issue that suffers from low awareness among the public, patients and heathcare professionals. Addressing this will require a coordinated multidisciplinary approach. Addressing the significant number of knowledge gaps will require policy makers prioritizing MRH and its funding.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The authors extend their gratitude to ESHRE for financial support of the Budapest Campus Workshop. PB is the Director of the not-for-profit organization Global Action on Men’s Health and receives fees and expenses for his work, (which includes the preparation of this manuscript. Conflicts of interest: CJDJ, CLRB, RAA, PB, MPC, MLE, NG, NJ, CK, AAP, MKO, SR-H, MHV-L","PeriodicalId":73264,"journal":{"name":"Human reproduction open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140712169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The risk of type 1 diabetes in children born after ART: a nordic cohort study from the CoNARTaS group","authors":"F. Kyhl, A. L. Spangmose, Mika Gissler, K. Rönö, K. Westvik-Johari, A. Henningsen, C. Bergh, U. Wennerholm, S. Opdahl, J. Forman, Jannet Svensson, T. Clausen, D. Vassard, Anja Pinborg","doi":"10.1093/hropen/hoae021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hropen/hoae021","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Do children born after ART have a higher risk of developing type 1 diabetes (DM1) than children conceived without ART?\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The risk of DM1 was similar for children conceived with and without ART, and there were no clear differences in risk according to method of fertility treatment.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ART is associated with higher risk of adverse perinatal outcomes, and risk depends on the method of ART. The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease theory proposes that prenatal stress can provoke changes in endocrine processes which impact health later in life.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A Nordic register-based cohort study was carried out, including all children born in Denmark (birth years 1994–2014), Finland (1990–2014), and Norway (1984–2015). The study included 76 184 liveborn singletons born after ART and 4 403 419 born without ART. Median follow-up was 8.3 years and 13.7 years in the ART and non-ART group, respectively.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The cohort, initiated by the Committee of Nordic Assisted Reproductive Technology and Safety (CoNARTaS), was established by linking national registry data from the medical birth registries and national patient registries available in the Nordic countries. We performed multivariable logistic regression analyses for the birth year intervals 1984–1990, 1991–1995, 1996–2000, 2001–2005, 2006–2010, and 2011–2015, while adjusting for year of birth within each interval, sex of the child, parity, maternal age, maternal diabetes, and maternal smoking during pregnancy as potential confounders.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 During follow-up, 259 (3.4‰) children born after ART were diagnosed with DM1, while this was the case for 22 209 (5.0‰) born without ART, corresponding to an adjusted odds ratio of 0.98 (95% CI 0.86 to 1.11). Within the different birth year intervals, no significant difference in risk of DM1 between the two groups was found, except for the youngest cohort of children born 2011–2015 where ART was associated with a higher risk of DM1. We found no significant differences in risk of DM1 when comparing children born after IVF versus ICSI or fresh versus frozen embryo transfer, but with only few cases in each group.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The main limitation of the study is the relatively short follow-up time. The incidence rate of DM1 peaks during ages 10–14 years, hence a longer follow-up would benefit all analyses and in particular the subgroup analyses.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Overall, our findings are reassuring especially considering the concomitantly increasing number of children born from ART and the increasing incidence of DM1 globally.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This Nordic registry study has been supported by the Nordic Trial Alliance/NORDFORSK and Rigshospitalets Research Foundation. The funding sources had no role in study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the article for publication. None of the authors has any conflicts of interest to declare regarding this study.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ISRCTN11780826\u0000","PeriodicalId":73264,"journal":{"name":"Human reproduction open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140720029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}