Hepatitis research and treatment最新文献

{"title":"Differential impact of adherence to pegylated interferon and ribavirin in the treatment of genotype 1 high viral titer chronic hepatitis C.","authors":"Makoto Numata,&nbsp;Tatehiro Kagawa,&nbsp;Sei-Ichiro Kojima,&nbsp;Shunji Hirose,&nbsp;Naruhiko Nagata,&nbsp;Koichi Shiraishi,&nbsp;Norihito Watanabe,&nbsp;Hirokazu Shiozawa,&nbsp;Yasuhiro Nishizaki,&nbsp;Shigeyuki Motegi,&nbsp;Shinji Takashimizu,&nbsp;Jun-Ichiro Kamochi,&nbsp;Mitsuru Wasada,&nbsp;Takashi Ohno,&nbsp;Yoshihiro Tei,&nbsp;Atsushi Nakano,&nbsp;Takuji Yamada,&nbsp;Kazuhiro Atsukawa,&nbsp;Tetsu Watanabe,&nbsp;Tetsuya Mine","doi":"10.1155/2010/702748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/702748","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To clarify the impact of adherence, we treated 122 genotype 1 high viral titer chronic hepatitis C patients with pegylated interferon (peg-IFN) and ribavirin for 48 weeks at nine referral hospitals, and evaluated the prognostic factors with a focus on the adherence to the treatment. This study included 68 (55.7%) treatment-naïve patients and 54 (44.3%) patients who did not respond to the previous treatment. Multivariate analysis revealed adherence to peg-IFN and ribavirin as the only significant predictor. Sustained virological response (SVR) rate was 72.2%, 19.0%, and 27.3% in patients given ≥80%, 60%-80%, and <60% dose peg-IFN, respectively, and was 68.6%, 41.2%, and 5.3% in those given ≥80%, 60%-80%, and <60% dose ribavirin, respectively. SVR rate sharply fell when exposure to peg-IFN was below 80% whereas it decreased in a stepwise manner as for ribavirin. Therefore, ≥80% of peg-IFN and as much as possible dose of ribavirin are desired to achieve SVR in the treatment of genotype 1 high viral titer chronic hepatitis C.</p>","PeriodicalId":73232,"journal":{"name":"Hepatitis research and treatment","volume":"2010 ","pages":"702748"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2010/702748","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29561195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rituximab administration and reactivation of HBV.","authors":"Yutaka Tsutsumi,&nbsp;Reiki Ogasawara,&nbsp;Yusuke Kamihara,&nbsp;Shinichi Ito,&nbsp;Yoshiya Yamamoto,&nbsp;Junji Tanaka,&nbsp;Masahiro Asaka,&nbsp;Masahiro Imamura","doi":"10.1155/2010/182067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/182067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rituximab is a drug used for the treatment of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and its range of use has expanded to the treatment of collagen diseases such as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and rheumatoid arthritis. One serious complication of rituximab use is the reactivation of dormant hepatitis B virus, and prevention of this phenomenon has become an urgent issue. This paper provides a general outline of the problem through an analysis of patient cases that we and other groups have experienced to date.</p>","PeriodicalId":73232,"journal":{"name":"Hepatitis research and treatment","volume":"2010 ","pages":"182067"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2010/182067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29561268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retreatment of patients nonresponsive to pegylated interferon and ribavirin with daily high-dose consensus interferon.","authors":"Douglas F Meyer,&nbsp;Hillel Tobias,&nbsp;Albert D Min,&nbsp;Arathi Rajendra,&nbsp;Ivanka Zic,&nbsp;Edward Brettholz,&nbsp;David J Clain,&nbsp;Franklin Klion,&nbsp;David Bernstein,&nbsp;Henry C Bodenheimer","doi":"10.1155/2010/537827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/537827","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background. Current treatment of chronic hepatitis C with pegylated interferon and ribavirin has the ability to eliminate viral infection in about half of the patients treated. Therapeutic options, for those with remaining chronic hepatitis, will remain limited until novel antivirals become available in the future. Consensus interferon is currently available and has demonstrated clinical efficacy with superior invitro antiviral activity, but the maximum tolerated dose is not defined. Methods. We assessed the efficacy of daily high-dose (24 ug) consensus interferon with weight-based (1000-1200 mg daily) ribavirin in HCV genotype 1-infected non-responder patients. Results. Six adverse events were documented in five patients, and the trial was terminated with no subject achieving viral clearance. Conclusions. The occurrence of serious adverse events effectively defined the upper limit of acceptable dose, while also revealing that this dose did not offer enhanced sustained viral clearance.</p>","PeriodicalId":73232,"journal":{"name":"Hepatitis research and treatment","volume":"2010 ","pages":"537827"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2010/537827","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29561192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological and Clinical Features of Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes among Immigrants in Southern Italy.","authors":"Gaetano Scotto, Domenico Martinelli, Rocco Di Tullio, Vincenzina Fazio","doi":"10.1155/2010/878356","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2010/878356","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background/aims. This study aims to determine the distribution and clinical features of HBV-genotypes in a population of immigrants affected by HBV-infection. Methods. Between 01/2003 and 03/2009, 1623 immigrants were tested for HBV-infection. Biochemical and virological activities were determined in HBsAg-positive patients; HBV-genotypes were determined, by the INNO-LiPA HBV Genotyping, in the subjects with HBV DNA detectable. In every patient we evaluated the stage and classified the infection as inactive carrier, mild or moderate/severe chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and/or HCC. Results. Among the tested subjects, 191 (11.7%) resulted HBsAg-positive, and in 144/191 (75.4%) serum HBV-DNA was detectable. The genotype distribution was as follows: 45,13% genotype E, 18,1% genotype D, 15,3% genotype B, 13,2% genotype C, 4,9% genotype A, 3,5% mixed genotypes (A-D). The evaluation of liver disease degree showed that 24.6% patients were inactive carriers of HBV infection, 19.4% presented a immunotolerance phase, 34.5% had mild chronic hepatitis, 13.6% had a moderate/severe chronic hepatitis, 6.3% had cirrhosis, and 1.6% presented HCC. Conclusions. Our study evidences a high prevalence of HBV-infection in immigrants, and the potentiality of migratory flow in the introduction of genotype non-D hepatitis B virus. The Hepatitis B virus genotypes presented significant differences in epidemiological and clinical characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":73232,"journal":{"name":"Hepatitis research and treatment","volume":"2010 ","pages":"878356"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3003999/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29561197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic vaccination in chronic hepatitis B: preclinical studies in the woodchuck.","authors":"Anna D Kosinska,&nbsp;Ejuan Zhang,&nbsp;Mengji Lu,&nbsp;Michael Roggendorf","doi":"10.1155/2010/817580","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2010/817580","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recommended treatment of chronic hepatitis B with interferon-α and/or nucleos(t)ide analogues does not lead to a satisfactory result. Induction of HBV-specific T cells by therapeutic vaccination or immunotherapies may be an innovative strategy to overcome virus persistence. Vaccination with commercially available HBV vaccines in patients did not result in effective control of HBV infection, suggesting that new formulations of therapeutic vaccines are needed. The woodchuck (Marmota monax) is a useful preclinical model for developing the new therapeutic approaches in chronic hepadnaviral infections. Several innovative approaches combining antiviral treatments with nucleos(t)ide analogues, DNA vaccines, and protein vaccines were tested in the woodchuck model. In this paper we summarize the available data concerning therapeutic immunization and gene therapy using recombinant viral vectors approaches in woodchucks, which show encouraging results. In addition, we present potential innovations in immunomodulatory strategies to be evaluated in this animal model.</p>","PeriodicalId":73232,"journal":{"name":"Hepatitis research and treatment","volume":"2010 ","pages":"817580"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2010/817580","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29561198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatitis C in haematological patients.","authors":"Y Y Hwang,&nbsp;R H S Liang","doi":"10.1155/2010/961359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/961359","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is no consensus guideline concerning the management of chronic hepatitis C patients during chemotherapy, and immunosuppression. However, there are some suggestions in literature that hepatitis C viral load increases during chemotherapy and there is a risk of rebound immunity against hepatitis C after discontinuation of immunosuppression with a consequent liver injury. A close monitoring of liver function of these patients is prudent during treatment of haematological malignancy. Antiviral treatment is deferred after the completion of chemotherapy and recovery of patients' immunity to minimize the toxicity of treatment. A combination of pegylated interferon and ribavirin is the standard therapy in hepatitis C infected haematological patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":73232,"journal":{"name":"Hepatitis research and treatment","volume":"2010 ","pages":"961359"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2010/961359","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29561141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can engineered \"designer\" T cells outsmart chronic hepatitis B?","authors":"U Protzer, H Abken","doi":"10.1155/2010/901216","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2010/901216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>More than 350 million people worldwide are persistently infected with human heptatitis B virus (HBV) and at risk to develop liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma making long-term treatment necessary. While a vaccine is available and new antiviral drugs are being developed, elimination of persistently infected cells is still a major issue. Recent efforts in adoptive cell therapy are experimentally exploring immunotherapeutic elimination of HBV-infected cells by means of a biological attack with genetically engineered \"designer\" T cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":73232,"journal":{"name":"Hepatitis research and treatment","volume":"2010 ","pages":"901216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3004001/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29561140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biliary epithelial apoptosis, autophagy, and senescence in primary biliary cirrhosis.","authors":"Motoko Sasaki,&nbsp;Yasuni Nakanuma","doi":"10.1155/2010/205128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/205128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease characterized serologically by the high prevalence of anti-mitochondrial autoantibodies (AMAs) and histologically by the cholangitis of small bile ducts, eventually followed by extensive loss of the small bile duct. An autoimmune pathogenesis is suggested by clinical and experimental studies, but there remain issues regarding the etiology, the significance of AMAs in the pathogenesis of bile duct lesions, and so on. The unique properties of apoptosis in biliary epithelial cells (BECs), in which there is exposure of autoantigen to the effectors of the immune system, are proposed to be a cause of bile duct lesions in PBC. Recent progress disclosed that cellular senescence and autophagy are involved in bile duct lesions in PBC. Senescent BECs may modulate the periductal microenvironment by expressing senescence-associated secretory phenotypes, including various chemokines, and contribute to the pathogenesis of bile duct lesions in PBC.</p>","PeriodicalId":73232,"journal":{"name":"Hepatitis research and treatment","volume":"2010 ","pages":"205128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2010/205128","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29531615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Xenobiotic exposure and autoimmune hepatitis.","authors":"Kathleen M Gilbert","doi":"10.1155/2010/248157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/248157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although genetics contributes to the development of autoimmune diseases, it is clear that \"environmental\" factors are also required. These factors are thought to encompass exposure to certain drugs and environmental pollutants. This paper examines the mechanisms that normally maintain immune unresponsiveness in the liver and discusses how exposure to certain xenobiotics such as trichloroethylene may disrupt those mechanisms and promote autoimmune hepatitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":73232,"journal":{"name":"Hepatitis research and treatment","volume":"2010 ","pages":"248157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2010/248157","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29613835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pegylated interferon and ribavirin treatment for hepatitis C virus infection.","authors":"Tatehiro Kagawa,&nbsp;Emmet B Keeffe,&nbsp;Ming-Lung Yu","doi":"10.1155/2010/275274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/275274","url":null,"abstract":"We are pleased to serve as editors of this special issue. We were gratified by the excellent response to the call for papers and the high quality of the eleven manuscripts that were ultimately accepted for this special issue. \u0000 \u0000This issue begins, as is appropriate, with a historical perspective by R. M. Friedman and S. Contente from the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences on treatment of chronic hepatitis C with interferon, followed by a paper by C.-H. Chen and M.-L. Yu from Kaohsiung Medical University tracing the evolution of interferon-based therapy, including the addition of ribavirin and pegylation of interferon. Both of these papers provide an interesting capsule of where we began with the initial recognition of the antiviral activity of interferon in 1957, followed by the evolution interferon-based therapy of chronic hepatitis C with the addition of ribavirin in the mid-1990s and the demonstration of the superiority of pegylated interferon (peginterferon) plus ribavirin in the early 2000s. The sustained virologic response (SVR) rate increased from 8%–9% with interferon monotherapy to 30% in genotype 1 patients with the addition of ribavirin, and then to 40%–50% with the transition to peginterferon plus ribavirin. As noted in several papers in this special issue, we are on the threshold of increasing the SVR rate in 2011 up to 65%–75% with the addition of a protease inhibitor to the standard of care with peginterferon plus ribavirin. Thus, advances in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C continue to march forward, with SVR rates increasing from less than 10% with interferon monotherapy to close to 75% in the very near future with triple therapy using a protease inhibitor. What is remarkable is that this progress has all taken place within the past 20 years. In the next paper, T. Kagawa and E. Keeffe review the recent literature evaluating the long-term outcomes of antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C that convincingly demonstrate the impact of interferon-based treatment of chronic hepatitis C. The published data shows slowed disease progression in patients who achieve an SVR, including improved inflammation and fibrosis scores on follow-up biopsy, reduced incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma, and prolonged life expectancy with reduced liver-related deaths. Thus, the progress in treatment over the past 20 years is paying dividends to our patients. \u0000 \u0000The prediction of response to interferon-based therapy is an important issue for patients considering embarking on a course of therapy, and providers of care continue to improve their ability to predict success in individual patients by taking into account baseline host (age, race, gender, histology (stage of fibrosis and presence or absence of steatosis), body weight, insulin resistance, and IL28B genotype) and viral factors (genotype and HCV RNA level). A number of papers in this special issue address predictors of viral response. N. Izumi et al. provide a ","PeriodicalId":73232,"journal":{"name":"Hepatitis research and treatment","volume":"2010 ","pages":"275274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2010/275274","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29614610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}