Glomerular diseases最新文献

{"title":"Rituximab in Steroid-Dependent Podocytopathies.","authors":"Cláudia Costa, Amélia Antunes, João Oliveira, Marta Pereira, Iolanda Godinho, Paulo Fernandes, Sofia Jorge, José António Lopes, Joana Gameiro","doi":"10.1159/000539922","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000539922","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Rituximab (RTX) has been reported as an effective treatment alternative in primary forms of minimal change disease (MCD) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) associated with steroid dependence and frequent relapses. However, the optimal RTX regimen and the outcomes of further doses of RTX remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the use of induction and maintenance RTX therapy for adults with primary podocytopathies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a retrospective case series on adult patients with steroid-dependent podocytopathies who received an induction RTX therapy. Maintenance therapy was performed at physician's discretion. Remission and relapse rates, concomitant corticosteroids and immunosuppressants use, B-cell depletion and adverse events were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourteen patients (mean age at start of RTX 29.1 ± 21.9 years) with MCD (<i>n</i> = 7) or FSGS (<i>n</i> = 7) were treated with 2 doses of 1,000 mg 2 weeks apart (<i>n</i> = 13) or four doses of 375 mg/m² (<i>n</i> = 1) of RTX. At last follow-up (mean 47.3 ± 101.7 months), 10 patients were in complete remission and two remained in partial remission. A reduction in the number of relapses, number of patients under corticosteroids and immunosuppressants, and dose of prednisolone was observed when compared to baseline (14 [100%] vs. 5 [35.7%]; 8/14 [57.1%] vs. 4/12 [33.3%]; 13/14 [92.9%] vs. 7/12 [58.3%]; 20 mg/day vs. 5.25 mg/day, respectively). Maintenance RTX therapy was used in 6 patients, with sustained complete remission. Infusion reactions were observed in 4 patients (one required treatment withdrawal).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings support the use of RTX for a steroid-free remission in podocytopathies and suggest that maintenance RTX is well-tolerated and associated with prolonged remission. Further studies are needed to confirm its efficacy and safety and establish the optimal induction and maintenance RTX regimen in steroid-dependent podocytopathies.</p>","PeriodicalId":73177,"journal":{"name":"Glomerular diseases","volume":"4 1","pages":"129-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11324230/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141984081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Dapagliflozin in Patients with Membranous Nephropathy.","authors":"Glenn M Chertow, Hiddo Lambers Heerspink, Patrick B Mark, Jamie P Dwyer, Michal Nowicki, David C Wheeler, Ricardo Correa-Rotter, Peter Rossing, Robert D Toto, Anna Maria Langkilde, Niels Jongs","doi":"10.1159/000539770","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000539770","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Despite the provision of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system inhibitors and immunosuppressive therapies, membranous nephropathy often progresses to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). The objective of this prespecified analysis was to assess the safety and efficacy of dapagliflozin in patients with membranous nephropathy enrolled in the DAPA-CKD trial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 25-75 mL/min/1.73 m² and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) 200-5,000 mg/g were randomized to dapagliflozin 10 mg once daily or placebo, along with standard-of-care and followed for median 2.4 years. The primary endpoint was a composite of ≥50% sustained decline in eGFR, ESKD, or kidney or cardiovascular death. Exploratory efficacy endpoints included eGFR slope and UACR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among DAPA-CKD participants with membranous nephropathy, 19 were randomized to dapagliflozin and 24 to placebo. The mean (SD) age was 59.9 ± 12.1 years, the mean eGFR was 45.7 ± 12.1 mL/min/1.73 m², and the median UACR was 1,694.5 (25%, 75% range 891-2,582.5) mg/g. Two of 19 (11%) patients randomized to dapagliflozin and five of 24 (21%) randomized to placebo experienced the primary composite endpoint. Total and chronic mean eGFR slopes for dapagliflozin and placebo were -3.87 and -4.29 and -2.66 and -4.22 mL/min/1.73 m²/year, respectively; corresponding between-group mean differences were 0.42 and 1.57 mL/min/1.73 m²/year. Dapagliflozin reduced geometric mean (SEM) UACR relative to placebo (-29.3% ± 1.2% vs. -3.6% ± 1.1%; between-group mean difference [95% CI] -26.7 [-50.4, 8.3]). Four (21%) patients randomized to dapagliflozin and seven (29%) randomized to placebo experienced a serious adverse event.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In membranous nephropathy, the effects of dapagliflozin on kidney disease progression and albuminuria were generally favorable; there was insufficient power to justify formal inference testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":73177,"journal":{"name":"Glomerular diseases","volume":"4 1","pages":"137-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11324228/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141984080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation Of Biomarker-Based GFR Estimating Equations in Glomerular Disease","authors":"Antara Mondal, Christina Kobe, Laura H. Mariani, J. Zee","doi":"10.1159/000539353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000539353","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is typically estimated with equations that use biomarkers such as serum creatinine and/or cystatin-C. The impact of these different biomarkers on GFR estimates in glomerular disease patients is unclear. In this study, we compared the different GFR estimating equations in the Cure Glomerulonephropathy (CureGN) cohort of children and adults with glomerular disease.\u0000\u0000Methods: All available cystatin-C measurements from CureGN study participants were matched to same-day serum creatinine measurements to estimate GFR. To explore the strength of agreement between eGFR values obtained from the \"Under 25” (U25) and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-Epi) equations, we used intraclass correlation coefficients. Multivariable linear mixed effects models were used to determine which factors were independently associated with differences in eGFR values.\u0000\u0000Results: A total of 928 cystatin-C measurements were matched to same-day serum creatinine measurements from N=332 CureGN study participants (58% male, 69% White/Caucasian, 20% Black/African American). Among 628 measurements collected while study participants were under 25 years old, there was moderate agreement (0.731) in serum creatinine vs. cystatin-C U25 equations. Models showed that higher eGFR values were associated with larger differences between the two equations (p <0.001). Among 253 measurements collected while study participants were at least 18 years old, there was excellent agreement (0.891-0.978) among CKD-Epi equations using serum creatinine alone, cystatin-C alone, or the combination of both. Younger age was associated with larger differences between CKD-Epi equations (p=0.06 to p=0.016).\u0000\u0000Conclusion: Excellent agreement between CKD-Epi equations indicates continued use of serum creatinine only for GFR estimation could be appropriate for adults. In contrast, only moderate agreement between U25 equations indicates a need for more frequent measurement of cystatin-C among children and young adults, especially as eGFR increases.","PeriodicalId":73177,"journal":{"name":"Glomerular diseases","volume":"46 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140970749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of a User-Centered Electronic Health Tool for Glomerular Disease Management","authors":"Andrea L. Oliverio, Amanda Peagler, Russell Mitchell, Adina Martinez, Megan Denham, Laura H. Mariani, Jason Cobb, Anju A. Oommen, Gabrielle Alter, Mone Anzai, Yasmine Pang, Jonathan P Troost, Cam Escoffery, Chia-shi Wang","doi":"10.1159/000539169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000539169","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Patients with primary glomerular disease (GN) have unique management needs. We describe the design of a user-centered, patient-facing electronic health (eHealth) tool to support GN management.\u0000Methods We surveyed patients and GN expert nephrologists on disease management tasks, educational needs, and barriers and facilitators of eHealth tool use. Results were summarized and presented to patients, nephrologists, engineers, and a behavioral and implementation science expert in stakeholder meetings to jointly design an eHealth tool. Key themes from the meetings are described using rapid qualitative analysis.\u0000Results Sixty-six patients with minimal change disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, IgA nephropathy, and membranous nephropathy responded to the survey, as well as 25 nephrologists from the NIH-funded Cure Glomerulonephropathy study network. Overall, patients performed fewer management tasks and acknowledged fewer informational needs than recommended by nephrologists. Patients were more knowledgeable about eHealth tools than nephrologists. Nine patient stakeholders reflected on the survey findings and noted a lack of awareness of key recommended management tasks and receiving little guidance from nephrologists on using eHealth. Key themes and concepts from the stakeholder meetings about eHealth tool development included the need for customizable design, trustworthy sources, seamless integration with other apps and clinical workflow, and reliable data tracking. The final design of our eHealth tool, the UrApp System, has 5 core features: “Profile” generates personalized data tracking, educational information, facilitation with provider discussions and inputting other preferences; “Data Tracking” displays patient health data with the ability to communicate important trends to patients and nephrologists; “Resources” provides trusted education information in a personalized manner; “Calendar” displays key events and generate reminders; and “Journal” facilitates information documentation using written or audio notes. \u0000Conclusion Our theory- and evidenced-based, stakeholder-engaged design process created designs for an eHealth tool to support the unique needs of patients with GN, optimized for effectiveness and implementation.","PeriodicalId":73177,"journal":{"name":"Glomerular diseases","volume":"183 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141015353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The significance of anti-PLA2R in diabetic kidney disease: Truly a false positive?","authors":"Avanti Damle, H. H. Wu, D. Kanigicherla, R. Chinnadurai","doi":"10.1159/000538902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000538902","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73177,"journal":{"name":"Glomerular diseases","volume":"117 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140680614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glomerulonephritis after Alemtuzumab Treatment for Multiple Sclerosis: A Report of Two Cases","authors":"Abdullah Al-Muhaiteeb, Kamal Alkeay, Ahmad Altaleb","doi":"10.1159/000538492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000538492","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction Alemtuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody indicated for the treatment of adult patients with active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), has been associated with increased risk of autoimmune adverse events, including thyroid disorders, immune thrombocytopenia, and renal diseases. Renal immune-mediated adverse events, which have been reported in 0.3% of patients treated with alemtuzumab in MS clinical trials, typically occur within 39 months after the last drug administration. However, no consensus has been reached regarding the management of patients who develop glomerulonephritis after treatment with alemtuzumab. Case Presentation We report the cases of two young adults with MS who developed biopsy-proven severe glomerulonephritis after alemtuzumab treatment. Both patients, including a 32-year-old female patient who developed membranous nephropathy and a 31-year-old male who developed drug-induced podocytopathy, were treated successfully with the calcineurin inhibitor tacrolimus followed by the anti-CD20 antibody rituximab. Conclusion Regular renal function monitoring is required in patients who may rarely develop glomerulonephritis following treatment with alemtuzumab. There is no clear consensus on case management. In both cases, immunosuppressive therapy, which was necessary due to disease severity, resulted in successful remission, highlighting the potential utility of this approach.","PeriodicalId":73177,"journal":{"name":"Glomerular diseases","volume":"18 6","pages":"84 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140753521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kidney Histopathology of Patients with Hepatitis C Infection and Diabetes Mellitus Before and After Availability of Direct Acting Antiviral Therapy","authors":"Vanderlene L. Kung, Gabriel Giannini, Cynthia C. Nast","doi":"10.1159/000537977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000537977","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetic kidney disease are increasing. Hepatitis C infection (HCV) occurs in 1% of the world population and can induce several kidney diseases. DM prevalence is increased in individuals with HCV; however, kidney diseases in those with both DM and HCV have not been assessed. Direct acting antiviral agents (DAAs) became available for HCV treatment in 2014; it is unknown if DAAs altered the spectrum of kidney disease in patients with DM and HCV. \u0000\u0000Methods: Case review identifying patients with kidney biopsy and clinical history of DM and HCV between 2009-2013 (pre-DAA) and 2016-2020 (post-DAA), excluding kidney transplant, hepatitis B, HIV and inadequate biopsy, identified 245 biopsies. Biopsies were evaluated for diabetic glomerulosclerosis (DGS) class, global and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), other glomerular diseases, interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (IFTA), interstitial nephritis, acute tubular injury and degree of arterial and arteriolar sclerosis. Kidney disease differences in pre-DAA versus post-DAA eras and in mild versus severe DGS were assessed by Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests.\u0000\u0000Results: The most common non-DGS lesions were non-collapsing FSGS (41%), HCV-related IgM dominant immune complex glomerulonephritis (IgM-ICGN, 18%), IgA nephropathy (9%), and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN, 7%). Collapsing FSGS was more common pre-DAA vs post-DAA (8% v 1%, p=0.03). Biopsies from patients with HCV and DM were reduced in post-DAA (0.7%) vs pre-DAA (1.3%) (p< 0.0001). Post-DAA there were less MPGN (2% vs 10%, p=0.02) and more advanced DGS (85% v 61%, p=0.0002), non-collapsing FSGS (57% v 31%, p<0.0001), IFTA (2.0 v 1.6, p=0.0002), and vascular sclerosis (2.1 v 1.6, p<0.0001).\u0000\u0000Conclusion: Post-DAA there were reduced biopsies and MPGN, with more severe DGS class, non-collapsing FSGS, IFTA and chronic vascular changes. This suggests a modulating effect of DAAs on HCV-related kidney pathology with DM and chronic changes driving indications for kidney biopsy.\u0000","PeriodicalId":73177,"journal":{"name":"Glomerular diseases","volume":"36 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140240108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and Tolerability of the APOL1 Inhibitor, Inaxaplin, Following Single- and Multiple-ascending Doses in Healthy Adults","authors":"O. Egbuna, Vincent Audard, George Manos, Simon Tian, Fanuel Hagos, Glenn M. Chertow","doi":"10.1159/000538255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000538255","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction\u0000Toxic gain-of-function Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) variants contribute to the development of proteinuric nephropathies collectively referred to as APOL1-mediated kidney disease (AMKD). Despite standard-of-care treatments, patients with AMKD experience accelerated progression to end stage kidney disease. The identification of two APOL1 variants as the genetic cause of AMKD inspired development of inaxaplin, an inhibitor of APOL1 channel activity that reduces proteinuria in patients with AMKD.\u0000\u0000Methods\u0000We conducted two phase 1 studies evaluating the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of single-ascending doses (SAD) and multiple-ascending doses (MAD) of inaxaplin in healthy participants. In the SAD cohorts, participants were randomized to receive inaxaplin as a single dose (range, 7.5 mg to 165 mg) or placebo. In the MAD cohorts, participants were randomized to receive multiple doses of inaxaplin (range, 15 to 120 mg daily) or placebo for 14 days. We assessed safety and tolerability based on adverse events (AEs), clinical laboratory values, electrocardiograms (ECGs), and vital signs.\u0000\u0000Results\u0000A total of 178 participants were randomized in the SAD/MAD cohorts of both studies (mean age: 36.7 years; 94.9% male). The proportion of participants with any AEs was similar in the inaxaplin (24.6%) and placebo (22.7%) groups. All AEs were mild or moderate in severity; there were no serious AEs. Headache was the most common AE: 10.4% and 2.3% in the inaxaplin and placebo groups, respectively. There were no drug-related treatment discontinuations and no clinically relevant trends in laboratory values, ECGs, or vital signs.\u0000\u0000Discussion/Conclusion\u0000Inaxaplin is safe and well tolerated at single doses up to 165 mg and multiple doses up to 120 mg daily for 14 days. These results are consistent with the favorable safety profile of inaxaplin in a completed phase 2a proof-of-concept study. Together, these findings support continued evaluation of inaxaplin in an ongoing phase 2/3 pivotal trial as a potential precision medicine for patients with AMKD.\u0000","PeriodicalId":73177,"journal":{"name":"Glomerular diseases","volume":"1 s1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140243487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developmental Causes of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis.","authors":"Luna Shane Klomp, Elena Levtchenko, Rik Westland","doi":"10.1159/000538345","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000538345","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a histological pattern of glomerular damage that includes idiopathic conditions as well as genetic and non-genetic forms. Among these various etiologies, different phenotypes within the spectrum of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) have been associated with FSGS.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Until recently, the main pathomechanism of how congenital kidney and urinary tract defects lead to FSGS was attributed to a reduced number of nephrons, resulting in biomechanical stress on the remaining glomeruli, detachment of podocytes, and subsequent inability to maintain normal glomerular architecture. The discovery of deleterious single-nucleotide variants in <i>PAX2</i>, a transcription factor crucial in normal kidney development and a known cause of papillorenal syndrome, in individuals with adult-onset FSGS without congenital kidney defects has shed new light on developmental defects that become evident during podocyte injury.</p><p><strong>Key message: </strong>In this mini-review, we challenge the assumption that FSGS in CAKUT is caused by glomerular hyperfiltration alone and hypothesize a multifactorial pathogenesis that includes overlapping cellular mechanisms that are activated in both damaged podocytes as well as nephron progenitor cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":73177,"journal":{"name":"Glomerular diseases","volume":"4 1","pages":"95-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11216339/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141478095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges and Opportunities for the Clinical Translation of Spatial Transcriptomics Technologies.","authors":"Kelly D Smith, David K Prince, James W MacDonald, Theo K Bammler, Shreeram Akilesh","doi":"10.1159/000538344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000538344","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The first spatially resolved transcriptomics platforms, GeoMx (Nanostring) and Visium (10x Genomics) were launched in 2019 and were recognized as the method of the year by <i>Nature Methods</i> in 2020. The subsequent refinement and expansion of these and other technologies to increase -plex, work with formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue, and analyze protein in addition to gene expression have only added to their significance and impact on the biomedical sciences. In this perspective, we focus on two platforms for spatial transcriptomics, GeoMx and Visium, and how these platforms have been used to provide novel insight into kidney disease. The choice of platform will depend largely on experimental questions and design. The application of these technologies to clinically sourced biopsies presents the opportunity to identify specific tissue biomarkers that help define disease etiology and more precisely target therapeutic interventions in the future.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>In this review, we provide a description of the existing and emerging technologies that can be used to capture spatially resolved gene and protein expression data from tissue. These technologies have provided new insight into the spatial heterogeneity of diseases, how reactions to disease are distributed within a tissue, which cells are affected, and molecular pathways that predict disease and response to therapy.</p><p><strong>Key message: </strong>The upcoming years will see intense use of spatial transcriptomics technologies to better define the pathophysiology of kidney diseases and develop novel diagnostic tests to guide personalized treatments for patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":73177,"journal":{"name":"Glomerular diseases","volume":"4 1","pages":"49-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11006413/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140860923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}