Global pediatrics最新文献

{"title":"Immunization, new viruses, and new vaccines","authors":"Naveen Thacker ,&nbsp;Vipin M Vashishtha ,&nbsp;Sayali Lawate","doi":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A global outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) which is caused by a new virus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has just occurred. An instance of an infectious virus that has been transmitted to humans and had a substantial effect on worldwide health and the economy is SARS-CoV-2. In the human population, besides SARS-CoV-2, numerous additional viruses have lately emerged or re-emerged. To accurately predict the hazards of emerging and re-emerging viral infections, close cooperation between the public health system and the scientific community is essential. Some of the reasons that may be related to the emergence and re-emergence of novel viruses include urbanization, alterations in the natural environment, globalization, and insufficient public health infrastructure.</p><p>Vaccines will aid in efficiently controlling the intense outbreaks caused by these emerging viruses. Nevertheless, the creation of novel vaccines encounters various obstacles, including tight deadlines for development and the ongoing evolution of viral variants. Notwithstanding, the difficulties encountered in vaccine development, recent progress in the vaccine development process has yielded a significant breakthrough in combating disease outbreaks. Recent advancements in immunology, genetics, and biotechnology have enabled the creation of several vaccines, including those for dengue, RSV, chikungunya, malaria, and most notably, COVID-19. These novel vaccinations protect a broad spectrum of viruses and other pathogenic microorganisms, including those that are challenging to control or have just emerged.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73173,"journal":{"name":"Global pediatrics","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667009724000794/pdfft?md5=2f03573901047b9e0ad3e587610844f1&pid=1-s2.0-S2667009724000794-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141593723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is obesity a form of child abuse?","authors":"Artur Mazur","doi":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100212","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73173,"journal":{"name":"Global pediatrics","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667009724000800/pdfft?md5=9fbf9510737d0b5a52b6a52a8d2f0ddc&pid=1-s2.0-S2667009724000800-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141605371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview on the management of nocturnal enuresis in children in general pediatrics","authors":"Paola Nigri ,&nbsp;Luigi Nigri ,&nbsp;Lucia Peccarisi","doi":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bedwetting, or enuresis, represents a socially stigmatizing and distressing condition that significantly impacts the quality of life for both children and their parents. This article seeks to assess and consolidate the current understanding of traditional and innovative treatments, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological, for children with enuresis. The article discusses the various treatment modalities which have been developed and validated to alleviate symptoms of enuresis, enhance quality of life, and address the social and emotional challenges faced by affected children. Finally the article emphasizes the important primary role of general pediatricians that is to tailor therapy protocols to each individual child, considering their unique needs and circumstances, and working closely with their families to identify the most effective approach.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73173,"journal":{"name":"Global pediatrics","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667009724000757/pdfft?md5=a8e1a1d7a3f286b20dfd5899e01ecb93&pid=1-s2.0-S2667009724000757-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141593749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asthma prevention and recent advances in management","authors":"Doina Anca Pleșca ,&nbsp;Marcela Ionescu ,&nbsp;Anca Cristina Dragănescu","doi":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Asthma is the most frequent chronic disease of childhood, affecting up to 20 % of children worldwide. The authors present the current literature focusing on primary and secondary prevention of both early and late childhood asthma and the recent advances in management. The therapeutic tools for pediatric asthma have expanded significantly for both the non-severe and severe forms. The use of anti-inflammatory treatment, even for the mildest cases, and the withdrawal of symptomatic bronchodilation as monotherapy have been included in the most recent guidelines. The different biological therapies have revolutionized the therapeutical approach for severe uncontrolled asthma in children and adolescents.</p><p>The main guidelines on asthma maintenance therapy in pediatrics suggest different approaches and describe different stages of asthma to determine the most appropriate treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73173,"journal":{"name":"Global pediatrics","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667009724000770/pdfft?md5=28be2d4c4d2655843bfd3de451e8bb13&pid=1-s2.0-S2667009724000770-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141541243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuing professional development improves patient care, patient safety and physician wellbeing: International CPD standards and the knowledge tsunami","authors":"Hilary Hoey ,&nbsp;Thelma Russell ,&nbsp;Deirdre Donegan ,&nbsp;Jennifer Noordman ,&nbsp;Holly Hanlon ,&nbsp;Lucia Prihodova ,&nbsp;Ann O’ Shaughnessy","doi":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Medical knowledge is evolving rapidly and expanding exponentially. The lifespan of information is now only 70 days, and a deluge of knowledge is predicted, driven by advances in information technology, artificial intelligence, the availability of large datasets, scientific progress, and international collaboration. Continuing Professional Development (CPD), including lifelong learning for doctors, is essential for ensuring safe patient care. CPD requirements for doctors vary amongst different countries and are associated with significant international controversies. This article presents the experience of the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland, aiming to underscore the importance of investing in CPD to enhance patient care and physician well-being. The article also highlights how CPD strengthens the ability to address various challenges in healthcare, from clinical well-being to national imperatives for improved health, care quality, and cost reduction. Finally, it emphasizes that CPD is an investment in both patients and staff and requires promotion and support to succeed.</p><p>Ongoing international research is necessary to: explore doctors' attitudes towards the regulation of professional competence; identify barriers to participation and propose solutions to enhance engagement; assess the effectiveness of education, including its impact on patient and public health outcomes; bolster public trust, patient safety, and care quality; and, additionally, identify challenges related to future CPD requirements and healthcare service advancements.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73173,"journal":{"name":"Global pediatrics","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667009724000733/pdfft?md5=cce241c38ca7f186eeb1793104b82f5c&pid=1-s2.0-S2667009724000733-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141543027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obesity prevention","authors":"Artur Mazur","doi":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100213","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73173,"journal":{"name":"Global pediatrics","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667009724000812/pdfft?md5=56b1c9ac40111b603da8a6e8a0a2e6b6&pid=1-s2.0-S2667009724000812-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141605216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Old stories, new cases. Viral infectious diseases and children's health","authors":"YILDIZ CAMCIOGLU","doi":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>During the 20th century, smallpox has produced between 300–and 500 million victims. In 1796, Edward Jenner conducted one of the first modern immunizations when he inoculated an 8-year-old boy using material from a cowpox lesion. In 1959, WHO (World Health Organization) launched the Smallpox Eradication Programme. By 1980, WHO declared smallpox officially eradicated. Due to genetic and antigenic similarities between the monkeypox and smallpox viruses, the cessation of smallpox vaccination since 1980′s contributed to the wanning of cross‐protection against monkeypox (mpox). Outbreaks of human mpox has spread across 110 countries.</p><p>In 1916 and 1952, two major poliovirus outbreaks took place in the USA. The virus killed or paralyzed over half a million people yearly. Introduction of the inactivated polio vaccine (IPV,1955) and oral polio virus (OPV,1963) led to decline in the number of cases by 99.99 %. The Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) was launched in 1988 and five of six WHO regions have been certified free of wild polio virus (WPV), except Eastern Mediterranean region. Africa had been declared WPV free, unfortunately cases of paralysis due to wild virus in Malawi and Mozambique were detected having been imported from Pakistan. Outbreaks of circulating Vaccine Derived Polio Virus type 2 (cVDPV2) have expanded in the Eastern Mediterranean and African Region from October 2022 to February 2023. Measles, being one of the most contagious infections, requires high population immunity (&gt;95 %) to impede transmission. In 1963, a measles vaccine became available. Finland was the first country to eradicate measles by using the 2 dose-measles vaccines. The region of the Americas was verified to have eliminated measles in 2000. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted global vaccination activities. Vaccination coverage has fallen from 90 % to 50 % in western countries. Over 30 000 measles cases were reported from 40 WHO European Region members in 2023.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73173,"journal":{"name":"Global pediatrics","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667009724000782/pdfft?md5=b55fe4bbf9de729404716b8f7ba5b127&pid=1-s2.0-S2667009724000782-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141593748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WHO strategies to improve child and adolescents health in Europe","authors":"Martin W. Weber,&nbsp;Michelle Black,&nbsp;Susanne Carai,&nbsp;Sophie Jullien","doi":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Across Europe, the health and wellbeing of children and adolescents requires attention. After the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of mental health conditions has doubled, affecting 1 in 4 adolescents under the age of 18. Overweight and obesity are increasing: 1 in 3 primary school children are overweight or obese. Inequalities in weight and mental health are increasing in many countries, driven by socioeconomic circumstances. Reduction in child mortality, particularly of neonates, is stagnating in several countries, especially in Eastern Europe and Central Asia<strong>,</strong> and reversing in some.</p><p>To rally member states to action, WHO is developing a new regional Child and Adolescent Health Strategy. The development commenced in 2019 with the identification of problem statements of issues affecting children and adolescents. These were then converted into actionable standards. They were updated considering the COVID-19 experience and the effects of regional crises on children. Children and adolescents were engaged in the development of the strategy, to identify and take their priorities into account, and stakeholders inside and outside WHO were consulted, including pediatricians and their societies. During a Member States consultation, European countries will have the opportunity to review and revise the draft strategy before it will be presented to the WHO Regional Committee for Europe for adoption.</p><p>The main components of the strategy are: Early childhood development, school and adolescent health, strengthening health systems and improving quality of care, recognizing and acting on the needs of the most vulnerable and galvanizing societal action on the commercial, social, environmental and digital determinants of health affecting children and adolescents.</p><p>The strategy forms the basis for monitoring regional progress. It will enable the development of national child and adolescent health and wellbeing strategies and monitoring frameworks. The implementation of the strategy will enable children and adolescents to realize their right to physical, social and mental health and well-being in healthy and enabling environments, so that they can fully participate in shaping prosperous and sustainable societies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73173,"journal":{"name":"Global pediatrics","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667009724000836/pdfft?md5=288098ee25fb030858a0575c7a169f91&pid=1-s2.0-S2667009724000836-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141543028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatic mitochondrial and peroxisomal alterations in acutely ill malnourished Malawian children: A postmortem cohort study","authors":"Catriona M Ling ,&nbsp;Tewabu F Sheferaw ,&nbsp;Donna M Denno ,&nbsp;Dennis Chasweka ,&nbsp;Steve B Kamiza ,&nbsp;Jaume Ordi ,&nbsp;Christopher A Moxon ,&nbsp;Kim Kats ,&nbsp;Stanley Khoswe ,&nbsp;Emmie Mbale ,&nbsp;Frank Ziwoya ,&nbsp;Abel Tembo ,&nbsp;Charalampos Attipa ,&nbsp;Isabel Potani ,&nbsp;Peter K Kim ,&nbsp;James A Berkley ,&nbsp;Judd L Walson ,&nbsp;Wieger P Voskuijl ,&nbsp;Robert H J Bandsma","doi":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To describe and compare liver mitochondrial and peroxisomal histopathology by nutritional status in children who died following hospitalization for acute illness in Malawi.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Liver tissue was collected using Minimally Invasive Tissue Sampling from eleven children under-five years old who died during hospitalization and were either non-wasted (<em>n</em> = 4), severely wasted (<em>n</em> = 4) or had edematous malnutrition (<em>n</em> = 3). Histology was assessed on hematoxylin and eosin stained slides. Mitochondrial and peroxisomal ultrastructural features were characterized using electron microscopy (EM) and immunofluorescence (IF).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Hepatic steatosis was present in 50 % of non-wasted and severely wasted children and all children with edematous malnutrition. Edematous malnutrition was associated with 56 % and 45 % fewer mitochondria than severe wasting (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and no wasting (<em>p</em> = 0.006), respectively, and abnormal mitochondrial morphology compared to severe wasting (<em>p</em> = 0.002) and no wasting (<em>p</em> = 0.035). Peroxisomal abundance was reduced in edematous malnutrition compared to severe wasting (<em>p</em> = 0.005), but did not differ from no-wasting.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Edematous malnutrition is associated with reduced abundance and altered morphology of hepatic mitochondria and peroxisomes. Interventions targeting improvements in hepatic metabolic function may be beneficial in improving metabolism and reducing mortality in children with severe malnutrition, particularly in those with nutritional edema.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73173,"journal":{"name":"Global pediatrics","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667009724000678/pdfft?md5=87e26f9dff950cf0871d3d00073b7cc9&pid=1-s2.0-S2667009724000678-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141485929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food Allergy and Food Intolerance – New Developments","authors":"Leyla Namazova-Baranova ,&nbsp;Kamilla Efendieva ,&nbsp;Julia Levina ,&nbsp;Vera Kalugina","doi":"10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It is crucial to accurately identify whether a patient's reaction to food is a result of a Food Allergy (FA) or Food Intolerance (FI), as this will determine the appropriate diagnosis and management plan. Medical practitioners should rely on verified diagnoses when discussing the prevalence of these conditions. Currently, obtaining a patient's clinical history, performing a skin prick test (SPT) or measuring serum specific IgE levels are typically the initial steps in diagnosing allergies. Additional methods, such as component-resolved diagnostics, basophil activation test (BAT) and oral food challenge (OFC) may be used, if available, to confirm the allergen causing symptoms when the results of first-line tests are equivocal or contradictory with history. Determining the prevalence of sensitization profiles to different allergens, considering geographical characteristics, is important for developing personalized therapeutic and preventive measures for children. Periodic reassessment of patients with FA through allergy tests and oral food challenges will allow for the possibility of reintroducing previously avoided foods if they develop tolerance over time and improve their quality of life.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73173,"journal":{"name":"Global pediatrics","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667009724000691/pdfft?md5=07795c4a32ad92ec848005265cdda8cb&pid=1-s2.0-S2667009724000691-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141485930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}