Fungal systematics and evolution最新文献

{"title":"New and Interesting Fungi. 7.","authors":"C M Visagie, N Yilmaz, J D Allison, R W Barreto, T Boekhout, J Boers, M A Delgado, C Dewing, K N E Fitza, E C A Furtado, E Gaya, R Hill, A Hobden, D M Hu, T Hülsewig, A Khonsanit, J J Luangsa-Ard, A Mthembu, C M Pereira, J-L Price, A Pringle, N Qikani, M Sandoval-Denis, R K Schumacher, K A Seifert, B Slippers, D S Tennakoon, D Thanakitpipattana, N I van Vuuren, J Z Groenewald, P W Crous","doi":"10.3114/fuse.2024.13.12","DOIUrl":"10.3114/fuse.2024.13.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two new genera, 17 new species, two epitypes, and six interesting new host and / or geographical records are introduced in this study. New genera include: <i>Cadophorella</i> (based on <i>Cadophorella faginea</i>) and <i>Neosatchmopsis</i> (based on <i>Neosatchmopsis ogrovei</i>). New species include: <i>Alternaria halotolerans</i> (from hypersaline sea water, Qatar), <i>Amylostereum stillwellii</i> (from mycangia of <i>Sirex areolatus</i>, USA), <i>Angiopsora anthurii</i> (on leaves of <i>Anthurium andraeanum</i>, Brazil), <i>Anthracocystis zeae-maydis</i> (from pre-stored <i>Zea mays</i>, South Africa), <i>Bisifusarium solicola</i> (from soil, South Africa), <i>Cadophorella faginea</i> (from dead capsule of <i>Fagus sylvatica</i>, Germany), <i>Devriesia mallochii</i> (from house dust, Canada), <i>Fusarium kirstenboschense</i> (from soil, South Africa), <i>Macroconia podocarpi</i> (on ascomata of ascomycete on twigs of <i>Podocarpus falcatus</i>, South Africa), <i>Neosatchmopsis ogrovei</i> (on <i>Eucalyptus</i> leaf litter, Spain), <i>Ophiocordyceps kuchinaraiensis</i> (on <i>Coleoptera</i> larva, Thailand), <i>Penicillium cederbergense</i> (from soil, South Africa), <i>Penicillium pascuigraminis</i> (from pasture mulch, South Africa), <i>Penicillium viridipigmentum</i> (from soil, South Africa), <i>Pleurotheciella acericola</i> (on stem, bark of living tree of <i>Acer</i> sp., Germany), <i>Protocreopsis physciae</i> (on <i>Physcia caesia,</i> Netherlands), and <i>Talaromyces podocarpi</i> (from soil, South Africa). <b>Citation:</b> Visagie CM, Yilmaz N, Allison JD, Barreto RW, Boekhout T, Boers J, Delgado MA, Dewing C, Fitza KNE, Furtado ECA, Gaya E, Hill R, Hobden A, Hu DM, Hülsewig T, Khonsanit A, Kolecka A, Luangsa-ard JJ, Mthembu A, Pereira CM, Price J-L, Pringle A, Qikani N, Sandoval-Denis M, Schumacher RK, Slippers B, Tennakoon DS, Thanakitpipattana D, van Vuuren NI, Groenewald JZ, Crous PW (2024). New and Interesting Fungi. 7. <i>Fungal Systematics and Evolution</i> <b>13</b>: 441-494. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2024.13.12.</p>","PeriodicalId":73121,"journal":{"name":"Fungal systematics and evolution","volume":"13 ","pages":"441-494"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11318372/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141972408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A revised genus-level classification for <i>Cerrenaceae</i> (<i>Polyporales, Agaricomycetes</i>).","authors":"O Miettinen, J Vlasák, E Larsson, J Vlasák, J S S Seelan, Hernawati, Q Levicky, K-H Larsson, V Spirin","doi":"10.3114/fuse.2023.12.14","DOIUrl":"10.3114/fuse.2023.12.14","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Cerrenaceae</i> is a small family of polypores and hydnoid fungi in the order <i>Polyporales</i> (<i>Basidiomycota</i>). The family consists of white-rot fungi, some of which are serious tree pathogens. Combining morphological evidence with a phylogenetic dataset of six genetic markers, we revise generic concepts in the family and propose a seven-genus classification system for the family. Two genera are introduced as new: the monotypic <i>Acanthodontia</i> for <i>Radulodon cirrhatinus</i>, and <i>Lividopora</i> for the <i>Rigidoporus vinctus</i> complex. We re-introduce the name <i>Somion</i> for the <i>Spongipellis delectans</i> complex. Other recognized genera in the family are <i>Cerrena, Irpiciporus, Pseudolagarobasidium</i>, and <i>Radulodon</i>. New species introduced are <i>Irpiciporus branchiformis</i> from Tanzania<i>, Lividopora armeniaca</i>, and <i>L. facilis</i> from Southeast Asia, and <i>Somion strenuum</i> from East Asia. We provide nomenclatural comments on all the names combined to the above <i>Cerrenaceae</i> genera and typify <i>Cerrena unicolor</i>, <i>C. zonata</i>, <i>Polyporus carneopallens</i> (= <i>L. vincta</i>), <i>Somion occarium</i>, and <i>S. unicolor</i>. The genus <i>Hyphoradulum</i> belongs to <i>Cystostereaceae</i> (<i>Agaricales</i>), and we transfer the type species <i>H. conspicuum</i> to <i>Crustomyces</i>. Our study highlights the importance of integrating different basidiocarp types in analyses when revising genus classification in macrofungi. <b>Citation:</b> Miettinen O, Vlasák J, Larsson E, Vlasák J Jr., Seelan JSS, Hernawati, Levicky Q, Larsson K-H, Spirin V (2023). A revised genus-level classification for <i>Cerrenaceae</i> (<i>Polyporales</i>, <i>Agaricomycetes</i>). <i>Fungal Systematics and Evolution</i> <b>12</b>: 271-322. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2023.12.14.</p>","PeriodicalId":73121,"journal":{"name":"Fungal systematics and evolution","volume":"12 ","pages":"271-322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10918759/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140061458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A phylogenetic assessment of a fungicolous lineage in <i>Coniocybomycetes: Chaenotricha</i>, a new genus of <i>Trichaptum</i>-inhabiting species.","authors":"A Suija, R T McMullin, P Lõhmus","doi":"10.3114/fuse.2023.12.13","DOIUrl":"10.3114/fuse.2023.12.13","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> The globally distributed genus <i>Trichaptum</i> is one of the most species-rich among polypores in terms of hosting other fungi. Among Trichaptum-associates, there is a group of mazaediate lichenized fungi <i>(Coniocybomycetes, Ascomycota)</i> that previously had an uncertain phylogenetic position. DNA sequences - mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU), nuclear large subunit rDNA (nuLSU), and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) - were obtained from 29 specimens collected from Europe and North America. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses of these three gene loci were used to infer phylogenetic position and relationships among lineages. Statistical tests were used to find which phenotypical characteristics distinguish species. The molecular sequence data provide evidence that the fungicolous specimens form a distinct lineage within <i>Coniocybomycetes</i> sister to the combined clade of <i>Chaenotheca s. lat</i>. and <i>Sclerophora</i>. Considering its phylogenetic placement and strict specialization, we describe a new genus - <i>Chaenotricha</i>. This fungicolous lineage contains three species based on molecular characteristics. Morphological characters mostly overlap except for spore size and stalk length of apothecia. We provide a new combination, <i>Chaenotricha obscura</i>, for the only previously described species for which we designate an epitype, and introduce a new species - <i>Chaenotricha cilians</i>. The third lineage remains undescribed because of a small sample size, which did not allow us to clearly delineate species boundaries. <b>Citation</b>: Suija A, McMullin RT, Lõhmus P (2023). A phylogenetic assessment of a fungicolous lineage in <i>Coniocybomycetes: Chaenotricha</i>, a new genus of <i>Trichaptum-inhabiting</i> species. <i>Fungal Systematics and Evolution</i> 12: 255-269. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2023.12.13.</p>","PeriodicalId":73121,"journal":{"name":"Fungal systematics and evolution","volume":"12 ","pages":"255-269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10918626/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140061754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Cylindromonium dirinariae sp. nov</i>. (<i>Ascomycota, Hypocreales</i>), a new nectrioid lichenicolous species on <i>Dirinaria applanata</i> in Japan.","authors":"A Ohmaki, I Okane, P W Crous, G J M Verkley","doi":"10.3114/fuse.2023.11.01","DOIUrl":"10.3114/fuse.2023.11.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A nectrioid fungus forming a pinkish colony with mainly solitary phialides producing ellipsoid, aseptate conidia in mucoid packets was isolated from <i>Dirinaria applanata</i>. Our taxonomic study based on morphology and phylogenetic analysis using ITS rDNA sequences revealed that the isolates represented a member of the genus <i>Cylindromonium</i>. Based on further morphological examination, nucleotide sequence comparison, and phylogenetic analysis based on LSU rDNA, <i>tef1</i>, and <i>rpb2</i> in addition to the phylogenetic analysis using the ITS rDNA sequences, the fungus from <i>Dirinaria</i> represents a new species, which is described here as <i>Cylindromonium dirinariae</i> <i>sp. nov</i>. Furthermore, inoculation experiments revealed that this species can also produce perithecia when inoculated on the host lichen in laboratory environments. <b>Citation:</b> Ohmaki A, Okane I, Crous PW, Verkley GJM (2023). <i>Cylindromonium dirinariae</i> <i>sp. nov</i>. (<i>Ascomycota, Hypocreales</i>), a new nectrioid lichenicolous species on <i>Dirinaria</i> <i>applanata</i> in Japan. <i>Fungal Systematics and Evolution</i> <b>11</b>: 1-10. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2023.11.01.</p>","PeriodicalId":73121,"journal":{"name":"Fungal systematics and evolution","volume":"11 ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10353293/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9842446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Additions to the knowledge of the genus Helvella in Europe. New records and de novo description of five species from the Nordic region","authors":"","doi":"10.3114/fuse.2023.11.06-supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2023.11.06-supp","url":null,"abstract":"Supplementary information:<br /> Supplementary Table Supplementary Table: All Helvella specimens investigated for this study where least one Sanger sequence is available. All specimens are from the nordic countries. Which sequences that are available for each speciemens is marked with GenBank number or marker name. All sequences are available in alignments submitted to DataverseNO repository.The sequences with GenBank accession numbers can also be found in GenBank.","PeriodicalId":73121,"journal":{"name":"Fungal systematics and evolution","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135649805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phyllosticta rizhaoensis sp. nov. causing leaf blight of Ophiopogon japonicus in China","authors":"","doi":"10.3114/fuse.2023.11.03-supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2023.11.03-supp","url":null,"abstract":"Suppplementary information:<br /> Fig. S1. Phylogenetic tree obtained by ML analyses using ITS sequence data of Phyllosticta concentrica species complex. Numbers above the branches indicate ML bootstraps (left, ML ≥ 50 %) and Bayesian Posterior Probabilities (right, BPP ≥ 0.9). The tree is rooted with Botryosphaeria stevensii (CBS 112553) and B. obtusa (CMW 8232). Ex-type strains are indicated in bold. Isolates from the present study are marked in blue.<br /> Fig. S2. Phylogenetic tree obtained by ML analyses using LSU sequence data of the Phyllosticta concentrica species complex. Numbers above the branches indicate ML bootstraps (left, ML ≥ 50 %) and Bayesian Posterior Probabilities (right, BPP ≥ 0.9). The tree is rooted with Botryosphaeria stevensii (CBS 112553). Ex-type strains are indicated in bold. Isolates from the present study are marked in blue.<br /> Fig. S3. Phylogenetic tree obtained by ML analyses using tef sequence data of the Phyllosticta concentrica species complex. Numbers above the branches indicate ML bootstraps (left, ML ≥ 50 %) and Bayesian Posterior Probabilities (right, BPP ≥ 0.9). The tree is rooted with Botryosphaeria obtusa (CMW 8232). Ex-type strains are indicated in bold. Isolates from the present study are marked in blue.<br /> Fig. S4. Phylogenetic tree obtained by ML analyses using act sequence data of the Phyllosticta concentrica species complex. Numbers above the branches indicate ML bootstraps (left, ML ≥ 50 %) and Bayesian Posterior Probabilities (right, BPP ≥ 0.9). The tree is rooted with Botryosphaeria stevensii (CBS 112553) and B. obtusa (CMW 8232). Extype strains are indicated in bold. Isolates from the present study are marked in blue.<br /> Table S1. Morphological comparison of species in the P. concentrica species complex.","PeriodicalId":73121,"journal":{"name":"Fungal systematics and evolution","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135649830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ducellieriales ord. nov. and evidence for a novel clade of endobiotic pollen-infecting “lagenidiaceous” Peronosporomycetes","authors":"A.T. Buaya, M. Thines","doi":"10.3114/fuse.2023.12.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2023.12.12","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Ducellieria ( Ducellieriaceae ) contains three species ( D. chodatii , D. tricuspidata , D. corcontica ), and a single variety ( D. chodatii var. armata ) of obligate endobiotic pollen parasites. These organisms have been first assigned to the green alga genus Coelastrum , as they form very similar spherical structures, but the observation of heterokont zoospores has led to their reclassification to the phylum Oomycota . However, despite their widespread nature, these organisms are only known from their descriptive morphology, and life cycle traits of some species still remain incompletely known. Only the type species, D. chodatii , has been rediscovered several times, but the phylogeny of the genus remains unresolved, since none of its species has been studied for their molecular phylogeny. At present the genus is still included in some algal databases. To clarify the evolutionary affiliation of Ducellieria , efforts were undertaken to isolate D. chodatii from pollen grains, to infer its phylogenetic placement based on nrSSU sequences. By targeted isolation, the pollen endoparasitoid was rediscovered from three lakes in Germany (Mummelsee, Okertalsperre, Knappensee). Apart from the typical coelastrum-like spheroids, oomycetes sporulating directly from pollen grains in a lagenidium-like fashion were observed, and molecular sequences of both types of oomycetes were obtained. Phylogenetic reconstruction revealed that coelastrum-like and lagenidium-like forms are unrelated, with the former embedded within the deep branching early-diverging lineages, and the later stage forming a distinct clade in Peronosporales . Consequently, the life cycle of D. chodatii needs careful revision using single-spore isolates of the species, to infer if previous lifecycle reconstructions that involve various different thallus types are stages of a single species or potentially of several ones.","PeriodicalId":73121,"journal":{"name":"Fungal systematics and evolution","volume":"133 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135057245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New records and barcode sequence data of wood-inhabiting polypores in Benin with notes on their phylogenetic placements and distribution","authors":"","doi":"10.3114/fuse.2023.11.02-supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2023.11.02-supp","url":null,"abstract":"Supplementary information:<br /> Fig. S1 .Maximum likelihood tree with rapid bootstrap values. The species names are followed by voucher or strain number and country of origin. Species names in red are from Benin.<br /> Fig. S2. Maximum likelihood (ML) analysis of the genus Microporus with rapid bootstrap values based on the combined ITS-LSU-Tef dataset.Newly generated sequences highlighted in red. The sequence namesare followed by voucher or strain number and country of origin.Table S1. Taxon names and GenBank accession numbers of somesequences used in this study.","PeriodicalId":73121,"journal":{"name":"Fungal systematics and evolution","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135649804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adding a missing piece to the puzzle of oomycete phylogeny: the placement of Rhipidium interruptum (Rhipidiaceae)","authors":"","doi":"10.3114/fuse.2023.11.08-supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2023.11.08-supp","url":null,"abstract":"Supplementary information:<br /> Supplementary File 1. Sequence alignment of concatenated dataset.The full length of dataset is 1153 bp. Sections: cox2 positions 1–437, nrLSU positions 438–1153.<br /> Supplementary File 2. Phylogenetic reconstructions (in Minimum Evolution) for the individual loci. Bootstrap support values from Minimum Evolution and Maximum Likelihood, and posterior probabilities from Bayesian Inference are given on the branches next to the nodes in the respective order. A minus sign denotes an alternate but not highly supported topology (BS < 80 % or PP < 0.98). An “x” represents alternate highly supported topology (BS > 80 % or PP > 0.98). The isolates of Rhipidium interruptum derived from this study are marked in bold. The scale bars represent the number of substitutions per site.","PeriodicalId":73121,"journal":{"name":"Fungal systematics and evolution","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135649840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular phylogeny and morphology reveal two new graminicolous species, Curvularia aurantia sp. nov. and C. vidyodayana sp. nov. with new records of Curvularia spp. from Sri Lanka","authors":"H.S. Ferdinandez, D.S. Manamgoda, D. Udayanga, M.S. Munasinghe, L.A. Castlebury","doi":"10.3114/fuse.2023.12.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2023.12.11","url":null,"abstract":"Despite being a small island, Sri Lanka is rich in fungal diversity. Most of the fungi from Sri Lanka have been identified as pathogens of vegetables, fruits, and plantation crops to date. The pleosporalean genus Curvularia ( Dothideomycetes ) includes phytopathogenic, saprobic, endophytic, and human/animal opportunistic pathogenic fungal species. The majority of the plant-associated Curvularia species are known from poaceous hosts. During the current study, 22 geographical locations of the country were explored and collections were made from 10 different poaceous hosts. Morphology and molecular phylogeny based on three loci, including nuclear internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 with 5.8S nrDNA (ITS), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ( gapdh ), and translation elongation factor 1-α ( tef1 ) supported the description of two new species of fungi described herein as C. aurantia sp. nov. and C. vidyodayana sp. nov. Moreover, novel host-fungal association records for C. chiangmaiensis , C. falsilunata , C. lonarensis , C. plantarum , and C. pseudobrachyspora are updated herein. In addition, five species within the genus Curvularia , viz ., C. asiatica , C. geniculata , C. lunata , C. muehlenbeckiae , and C. verruculosa represent new records of fungi from Sri Lanka.","PeriodicalId":73121,"journal":{"name":"Fungal systematics and evolution","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135800692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}