Frontiers in ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Influence of zonular tension on molecular transport in the porcine ocular lens.","authors":"Morgan Crews, Wade Rich, Matthew A Reilly","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2024.1508779","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fopht.2024.1508779","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Accommodation is the process of changing the ocular lens' refractive power and focal distance. This process involves application of biomechanical forces on the lens by the surrounding musculature. Previous studies have demonstrated that the lens epithelium demonstrates mechanotransduction and that tension influences its chemical activity. It is not yet known how these forces affect the structure and permeability of the lens. This study aimed to identify the influence of tension on molecular transport of dyes through the lens.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Paired porcine eyes were incubated in each of four dyes for three time periods with no stretch (null), static, or cyclic stretching using a bespoke mechanical lens stretcher. After incubation, the lenses were frozen and cryosectioned sagittally through the optic axis. Photographs of the stretched and unstretched lenses were compared and qualitatively assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>None of the four dyes showed drastic stretch-induced differences in dye penetration depth. However, the dye neutral red showed dramatic stretch-induced changes in the dye uptake color behind lens anterior surfaces, with unstretched lenses appearing far more orange than their stretched counterparts. Three of four dyes showed notable differences between anterior and posterior diffusion patterns. One dye, methylene blue, demonstrated unexpected intensity in the lens nucleus compared to the lower intensity shown in the cortex, suggesting active transport rather than a linearly graded passive diffusion regardless of stretching condition.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>All this taken together suggests that lens transport is more complex than simple passive diffusion and that active transport of some molecules may be affected by stretching. Future work should assess the mechanisms of transport for the various dyes and attempt to explain the dye permeation patterns observed here, including the effects of stretching.</p>","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":"4 ","pages":"1508779"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11646982/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rasch analysis and targeting assessment of the teach-CVI survey tool in a cohort of CVI patients.","authors":"Jem Martin, Chris Bradley, Barry S Kran, Nicole C Ross","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2024.1495000","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fopht.2024.1495000","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Cerebral Visual Impairment (CVI) is the leading cause of pediatric visual impairment. Given the diversity of clinical presentations of CVI, we are interested in whether questionnaires appropriately target the spectrum CVI cases, specifically the Teach-CVI Screening Tool. Rasch analysis is a standard psychometric technique for assessing the targeting of questionnaire items, however this analysis technique has not yet been applied to this questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a retrospective review of clinical CVI cases from the NECO Center for Eye Care at Perkins School for the Blind from January 2016 to December 2022. Electronic medical records were reviewed to identify patients with an ICD-9 or ICD-10 code of CVI or other neurological visual impairment. Age, gender, diagnoses, visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, visual fields, ocular alignment, and Teach-CVI responses were collected. We applied the method of successive dichotomizations, a polytomous Rasch model, to estimate item measures and person measures from the survey. Targeting of questionnaire items to the sample population was explored by comparing estimated item measures to person measures. Multiple linear regression was used to determine which factors influence patient visual ability (i.e., Teach-CVI person measure).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>119 patient records were included, 54% of which were male. The mean age was 8.9 years (SD = 6.12) with a range of 0 to 33 years of age. Mean visual acuity was 0.46 logMAR (SD = 0.40), or 20/57. The majority of patients in the sample had a co-occurring visual disorder in addition to CVI (84%), the most frequent being strabismus (69.9%) or visual field loss (25.3%). Item measures ranged from -2.67 to 1.77 logits (SD = 0.76), with a mean of 0 logit by convention. Estimated person measures ranged from -2.19 to 3.08 logits (SD = 1.10) with a mean of -0.03 logit. The range of item measures covered 93.3% of the person measures, and all person measures, except one, were within one logit of an item measure. Visual measures were not statistically significantly associated with Teach-CVI person measures.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings from this study suggest that the Teach-CVI survey is well targeted and an appropriate patient reported outcome measure for CVI.</p>","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":"4 ","pages":"1495000"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11638165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142830284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case report: HLA-B35-associated optic neuritis.","authors":"Florian H Guillot, Andrew R Carey","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2024.1483937","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fopht.2024.1483937","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To describe a unique presentation of optic neuritis associated with positive HLA-B35.</p><p><strong>Observations: </strong>A woman presented with unilateral retro-orbital pain, mildly decreased vision, and optic disc edema with new-onset aphthous ulcers. Color vision was preserved, and no visual field deficits were noted. Diagnostic imaging demonstrated retrobulbar optic nerve enhancement, with genetic testing revealing HLA-B35 positivity. Treatment with high-dose oral steroids for 3 days resolved all symptoms, and the patient remained stable for at least 2 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and importance: </strong>In addition to rheumatic conditions and oral lesions, HLA-B35 can be linked to optic neuritis. This relationship highlights the need to further explore genetic risk factors associated with optic neuritis and the potential need for human leukocyte antigen (HLA) testing in unusual cases of optic neuritis.</p>","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":"4 ","pages":"1483937"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11617506/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142786909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraoperative optical coherence tomography imaging for assessment of anterior chamber gas fill.","authors":"Michael Tseng, Avrey Thau, Carla Berkowitz, Abhijit Ramaprasad, Surendra Basti","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2024.1488764","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fopht.2024.1488764","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>During endothelial keratoplasty, anterior chamber gas is titrated to a desired fill, which is difficult to optimize by visualization alone. This study evaluates how an anterior chamber gas fill correlates with intraocular pressure (IOP) and iris-angle configuration as identified by optical coherence tomography (OCT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eleven cadaveric eyes were studied in three configurations: baseline, air-fill just spanning limbus-to-limbus (\"full-fill\"), and air-fill maximally filling the anterior chamber (\"overfill\"). At each configuration, IOP was measured by Tonopen and iris-angle was determined by analyzing OCT images.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No differences in IOP or irisangles were identified between baseline and full-fill configurations (p=0.113 and p=0.152, respectively). When compared to overfill configuration, differences in IOP and iris-angles were identified for baseline (p<0.001 and p=0.001, respectively) and full-fill configuration (p=0.001 and p=0.039, respectively).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings highlight that en-face visualization of full-fill may not be indicative of IOP elevation. A significant difference in IOP and iris-angle exists between full-fill and overfill configurations. Intraoperative OCT can serve as a useful surrogate to identify the extent of fill.</p>","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":"4 ","pages":"1488764"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11602447/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142752408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perfluorohexyloctane ophthalmic solution for dry eye disease: pooled analysis of two phase 3 clinical trials.","authors":"Ahmad M Fahmy, Jennifer S Harthan, David G Evans, Jack V Greiner, Joseph Tauber, John D Sheppard, Sonja Krösser, Jason L Vittitow","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2024.1452422","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fopht.2024.1452422","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dry eye disease (DED) is commonly caused by excessive tear film evaporation due to Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). There is a need for DED treatment options that address tear evaporation and benefit patients across a broad range of demographic and disease characteristics. This study evaluated treatment effects of perfluorohexyloctane ophthalmic drop (formerly NOV03) in the pooled dataset from 2 pivotal clinical trials in patients with DED associated with MGD, both in the overall population and in patient subgroups based on sex, age, and baseline severity of eye dryness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pooled data from 2 similarly designed, phase 3, randomized controlled trials (GOBI, MOJAVE) were analyzed. Patients aged ≥18 years with DED administered perfluorohexyloctane (n=614) or hypotonic (0.6% solution) saline control (n=603) four times daily for 8 weeks. Primary endpoints were total corneal fluorescein staining (tCFS) score (National Eye Institute scale, 0-15) and eye dryness visual analog scale (VAS) score (0-100). Efficacy was evaluated using analysis of covariance among patient subgroups (male and female, older [≥65 years] and younger [18 to <65 years], tCFS score <7 and ≥7, VAS eye dryness score <70 and ≥70, MGD score <7 and ≥7, Schirmer I test <10 mm and ≥10 mm).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Reductions in tCFS and VAS eye dryness scores were greater for perfluorohexyloctane versus control. In the overall patient population, least-squares mean treatment difference was -1.1 (95% CI: -1.41 to -0.79; p<0.0001) for tCFS and -9.0 (95% CI: -11.90 to -6.00; p<0.0001) for VAS eye dryness. Treatment favored perfluorohexyloctane over control in all patient subgroup analyses of tCFS and VAS eye dryness. Overall, the most common adverse event with perfluorohexyloctane was blurred vision (2.1% of patients), which was mild and transient.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Compared with a hypotonic saline control, perfluorohexyloctane improved both the signs and symptoms of DED, including in patients with greater self-reported severity of eye dryness.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>This study represents an integrated analysis of 2 previous clinical trials: GOBI (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04139798) and MOJAVE (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04567329).</p>","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":"4 ","pages":"1452422"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11575077/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142677687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidimensional immunotherapy for dry eye disease: current status and future directions.","authors":"Duliurui Huang, Zhijie Li","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2024.1449283","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fopht.2024.1449283","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dry Eye Disease (DED) is a multifactorial condition driven by tear film hyperosmolarity, immune dysregulation, and neuro-immune interactions. The immune system plays a central role in its pathogenesis, influencing both inflammation and ocular surface damage. While traditional immunotherapies like anti-inflammatory agents and immunosuppressants offer symptom relief, their long-term use is limited by side effects. This review focuses on emerging immunotherapies, including biologics, stem cell therapy, gene therapy, nanotechnology, and exosome-based treatments, all of which hold promise in modulating immune responses and promoting tissue repair. The relationship between the ocular microbiome and DED is also explored, with an emphasis on personalized immunotherapy. Key challenges for future research include identifying novel therapeutic targets, optimizing clinical translation, and evaluating the long-term efficacy of these innovative treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":"4 ","pages":"1449283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11564177/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Mitochondrial dysfunction and genetic variations in neuro-ophthalmology diseases.","authors":"Neeru A Vallabh, Ian Trounce","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2024.1483607","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fopht.2024.1483607","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":"4 ","pages":"1483607"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11557555/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142633976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Novel therapeutic strategies for retinal degeneration.","authors":"Manuel Soliño, Juan J López-Costa, Alfredo Martínez","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2024.1507844","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fopht.2024.1507844","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":"4 ","pages":"1507844"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11537900/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142592437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of different concentrations atropine in controlling children and adolescent myopia: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.","authors":"Baizhou Chen, Yao Ni, Jinghan Chen, Shuwen Xing, Zhaotian Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2024.1447558","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fopht.2024.1447558","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the myopia control effect of different concentrations atropine in children and adolescent.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Meta-analyses and systematic reviews available in the Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases from the databases' inception to August 2023 were searched to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of different concentrations' atropine in controlling myopia progression. Overall effects were performed using random-effects model. AMSTAR 2 tool was used to assess the quality of included studies. Prespecified outcomes were weight mean difference (WMD) with 95% credible interval (95% CI) of annual spherical equivalent refraction (SER) changes and annual axial length (AL) changes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>19 systematic reviews/meta-analyses of different atropine concentrations were included in the analysis. 14 studies reported SER changes, and 17 reported AL changes. In terms of the studies' overall methodological quality level (measured using AMSTAR 2), 1 study was rated high, 7 moderate, 7 low, and 4 critically low. The 0.01% atropine was found to have statistically significance (annual SER change WMD 0.27 [95% CI 0.21 - 0.34] D/year; annual AL change WMD -0.09 [95% CI -0.1 to -0.07]) mm/year), 0.05% atropine was preferred considering efficacy and tolerability (annual SER change WMD 0.54 [95% CI 0.49 - 0.58] D/year; annual AL change WMD -0.21 [95% CI -0.12 to -0.02]) mm/year).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Different atropine concentrations alleviated children and adolescent myopia progression. However, higher-quality evidence and further investigation are needed to clarify the dose-response relationship, and practical guidelines must be developed to determine myopia control efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":"4 ","pages":"1447558"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11537912/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142592436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome: connections with terrestrial eye and brain disorders.","authors":"Brenna Joe","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2024.1487992","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fopht.2024.1487992","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome (SANS) is a series of findings found in astronauts who have experienced long-duration spaceflight. It is characterized by neuro-ocular changes that may irreversibly alter vision and increase the risk for the development of terrestrial eye and brain disorders. Theories regarding its etiology and countermeasures to combat the findings seen continue to evolve. There is currently no direct treatment for SANS. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) modalities have been used to treat eye and brain disorders on Earth that are pathogenically similar to SANS, therefore, TCM may be able to target corresponding pathology in astronauts, prevent and mitigate SANS findings, and decrease the risk for future development of disorders. This paper intends to discuss pathological similarities between SANS and terrestrial eye and brain disorders and how TCM has been used to treat those disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":"4 ","pages":"1487992"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11525009/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142559636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}