Frontiers in ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Editorial: Ischemic retinopathy: underlying pathologic mechanisms and identifying therapeutic molecular targets.","authors":"Deokho Lee, Dong Ho Park","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2025.1707494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fopht.2025.1707494","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1707494"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12504074/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145260120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Report: Fundus findings in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated optic neuritis.","authors":"John R Wilson, Olivia W Cummings, Matthew S Elitt, Gregory P Van Stavern","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2025.1620614","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fopht.2025.1620614","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated optic neuritis (MOG-ON) is a sight-threatening demyelinating disorder that can present with various ocular manifestations. Here, we describe a unique case of bilateral MOG-ON with unilateral retinal hemorrhages and Roth spots. We present the case of a 48-year-old man with acute-onset painful, severe vision loss in both eyes. Initial fundoscopic examination revealed bilateral optic nerve edema with unilateral retinal hemorrhages and Roth spots. Imaging was notable for perineural enhancement along both optic nerves. Serological testing revealed elevated MOG antibodies. The patient was treated with high-dose intravenous steroids followed by plasmapheresis, which resulted in substantial clinical improvement. We conducted a literature review of all available studies published before March 30, 2025, using PubMed, including the keywords \"myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated optic neuritis,\" \"myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein,\" \"optic neuritis,\" \"Roth spots,\" and \"retinal hemorrhage.\" We found that this is the first reported case in a male patient-and only the third reported case overall-of retinal hemorrhages and Roth spots occurring in the context of MOG-ON. While retinal hemorrhage and Roth spots have not historically been associated with MOG-ON, recognizing the spectrum of fundoscopic findings is crucial for the early diagnosis and management of this potentially sight-threatening disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1620614"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12497580/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145246016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Report: Rapid cataract development preceding diabetes mellitus in <i>WFS1</i> spectrum disorder.","authors":"Aaishwariya A Gulani, Courtney Duggan, Danielle M Ledoux, Eric D Gaier","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2025.1612964","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fopht.2025.1612964","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>WFS1</i> spectrum disorder is a rare condition, characterized by diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and deafness (DIDMOAD). A 2-year-old female patient with a history of sensorineural hearing loss presented with rapid, sequential cataract development. Diabetes mellitus was not manifested at the time but developed 4 years later. While cataracts have been described in this syndrome, rapid acquisition of cataracts in the setting of mild hyperglycemia was unique considering they could not be definitively attributed to diabetes mellitus alone. This case provides real-world evidence that rapid <i>WFS1</i>-related cataract development may result from the underlying condition in conjunction with or independent from <i>WFS1</i>-associated diabetes mellitus.</p>","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1612964"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12454070/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145139763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep phenotyping of eyes shut homolog-associated retinopathy based on visual impairment patterns.","authors":"Daiki Sakai, Yasuhiko Hirami, Satoshi Yokota, Akishi Onishi, Masayo Takahashi, Makoto Nakamura, Yasuo Kurimoto, Akiko Maeda","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2025.1672451","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fopht.2025.1672451","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to classify the phenotypes of eyes shut homolog (<i>EYS</i>)-associated retinopathy based on visual impairment patterns and investigate their characteristics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective, single-center, cross-sectional study was conducted in 154 patients diagnosed with <i>EYS</i>-related retinopathy who underwent genetic testing between December 2017 and July 2023. Phenotyping was performed only in patients who underwent Goldmann perimetry (GP) and Humphrey visual field (HVF) 10-2 testing. Phenotypes were categorized as early, pericentral, typical, and advanced based on peripheral visual field preservation (GP: V-4e isopter extending beyond a 30-degree radius in ≥2 quadrants), central visual field impairment (HVF10-2: ≤20 points with 26 dB sensitivity), and macular impairment (logMAR ≥ 0.2). Genetic and ophthalmological characteristics were compared between the pericentral and typical types.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 39 eyes from 39 patients with <i>EYS</i>-associated retinopathy (average age: 48.2 ± 11.9 years, 21 women) were analyzed. Ten pathogenic variants were identified, with the three major variants (p.G843E, p.S1653fs, and p.Y2935X) accounting for a combined allele frequency of 83.3%. The phenotypes were classified as early (n=3), pericentral (n=18), typical (n=9), and advanced (n=9). No significant differences were observed between the pericentral and typical types in terms of the presence of major variants or biallelic null variants. Age and age at onset also did not differ significantly. However, macular impairment was significantly more frequent in the pericentral type (61.8%) than in the typical type (11.1%) (P = 0.014).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>In <i>EYS</i>-associated retinopathy, the pericentral type is considered a common phenotype, although its correlation with the genotype remains unclear. Despite preserved peripheral vision, careful monitoring is warranted due to the risk of macular impairment.</p>","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1672451"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12450700/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145132938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocular and systemic immune profiles associated with cystoid macular edema in retinitis pigmentosa.","authors":"Yan Tao, Huanyu Zhao, Sakurako Shimokawa, Masatoshi Fukushima, Kohta Fujiwara, Takahiro Hisai, Kaho Yamamoto, Ayako Okita, Koh-Hei Sonoda, Yusuke Murakami","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2025.1653404","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fopht.2025.1653404","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We aimed to investigate the local and systemic inflammatory profiles associated with cystoid macular edema (CME) in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP).</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Paired aqueous humor and serum samples were collected at the time of cataract surgery from 37 eyes of 37 patients with typical RP, including 29 without CME and eight with CME. The concentrations of cytokines and chemokines were determined using a multiplexed immunoassay (Q-Plex). Group comparisons were conducted to assess differences in the inflammatory molecule levels between the RP patients with and without CME. Correlations among the intraocular parameters, the systemic inflammatory molecules, and the CME status were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to RP patients without CME, those with CME showed significantly increased aqueous levels of interleukin 23 (IL-23) (<i>p</i> = 0.002), I-309 (<i>p</i> = 0.039), and growth-related oncogene alpha (GROα) (<i>p</i> = 0.042). A multiple-factor analysis further supported a potential association between CME formation and an IL-23-related inflammatory network characterized by aqueous IL-23, IL-8, GROα, eotaxin, I-309, serum IL-23, and IFN-γ.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that both intraocular and systemic immune activation may play a role in the development of CME in patients with RP. Specifically, IL-23-driven inflammation may be associated with macular fluid accumulation. Further longitudinal studies in larger cohorts are necessary to elucidate these relationships and explore their clinical implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1653404"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12446031/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145114935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early prostaglandin E₁ treatment improves visual outcomes in central retinal artery occlusion: a retrospective study.","authors":"Hiroki Sano, Ryoji Yanai, Hirotaka Kondo, Yoshinori Mitamura","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2025.1665519","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fopht.2025.1665519","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is a vision-threatening emergency with no established effective treatment. Prostaglandin E₁ (PGE₁), known for its vasodilatory and cytoprotective properties, may offer therapeutic benefits for retinal ischemia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective study, we compared visual outcomes between CRAO patients who received intravenous PGE₁ within 24 hours of symptom onset (followed by oral administration) and those who received conventional therapy. PGE₁ was administered intravenously for 5 days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At one month, the PGE₁ group showed significantly better best-corrected visual acuity compared to the control group. Baseline structural retinal parameters, including maximal retinal thickness (MRT) and central retinal thickness (CRT), did not differ significantly between groups. In the PGE₁ group, baseline MRT was negatively correlated with visual acuity at one month. Retinal arteriovenous diameters showed no significant change post-treatment. No adverse events were observed in either group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Early administration of PGE₁ may improve visual outcomes in CRAO. These findings support further investigation into PGE₁ as a potential treatment for acute retinal ischemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1665519"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12404978/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145002018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of inflammation in myopic retinopathy.","authors":"Tianxiang Yang, Jinyan Qi, Heping Xu","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2025.1632047","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fopht.2025.1632047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High myopia is a global health concern, often leading to degenerative retinal changes known as myopic retinopathy. Although mechanical stress, hypoperfusion, extracellular matrix remodeling, and growth factor dysregulation have been implicated in the pathogenesis of myopic retinopathy, emerging evidence highlights the critical role of chronic low-grade inflammation. Both innate and adaptive immune systems participate in myopic retinopathy through systemic and local inflammation. Systemically, immune dysregulation is marked by elevated levels of complement proteins C3, autoantibodies anti-LIM and senesce nt cell antigen-like-containing domain protein 1 (anti-LIMS1), and altered circulating immune cells (increased neutrophils and basophils). Locally, retinal homeostasis disruption triggers intraocular inflammation, evidenced by higher levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), C-C motif chemokine ligand-2 (CCL2), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) and activating the complement system. The inflammatory response involves signaling pathways such as JAK-STAT and complement cascades. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding immunological mechanisms underlying myopic retinopathy, offering insights to guide future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1632047"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12404955/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145002008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of human herpesvirus 7 in conjunctival samples collected from individuals recovering from conjunctivitis.","authors":"Andrew T E Hartwick, Christina E Morettin, Jennifer S Harthan, Meredith Whiteside, Ellen Shorter, Spencer D Johnson, Mary K Migneco, Christian K Olson, Julia B Huecker, Tammy Than, Mae O Gordon","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2025.1641991","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fopht.2025.1641991","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Although it is often reported that adenovirus is the most common etiology for infectious conjunctivitis, a recent multi-center clinical study found that adenovirus was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction in only 16% of cases presenting with acute conjunctivitis. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that a member of Herpesviridae could be the underlying etiology in some non-adenoviral cases of conjunctivitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Molecular assays for Herpes Simplex 1 and 2 (HSV-1, HSV-2) and Human Herpesvirus 6A, 6B and 7 (HHV-6A, HHV-6B, HHV-7) were performed on conjunctival samples collected from 18 individuals with acute conjunctivitis and during their recovery in follow-up visits that spanned up to 3 weeks. All samples, obtained from individuals enrolled in a clinical trial evaluating a conjunctivitis treatment, were from eyes that had previously tested negative for adenovirus using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 160 PCR assays were performed on 40 conjunctival samples. Four of these samples, obtained from four different individuals, tested positive for HHV-7. None of the samples tested positive for HSV-1, HSV-2, HHV-6A or HHV-6B.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This data provides further evidence that Human Herpesvirus 7 can be present in the eye, as HHV-7 was detected in a subset of conjunctival samples obtained from individuals recovering from non-adenoviral conjunctivitis. Clinicians should consider non-adenoviral etiologies when managing conjunctivitis that presents as classic 'pink eye'.</p>","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1641991"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12401696/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144994741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Damage processes in extended laser exposures using an <i>in vitro</i> model.","authors":"Nathaniel J Pope, Jin Ha, Madeline E Melzer, Priscilla Lopez, Amanda Tijerina, Gary D Noojin, Michael L Denton","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2025.1435692","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fopht.2025.1435692","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells are sensitive to both photothermal and photochemical damage when exposed to lasers with wavelengths associated with the retinal blue light hazard. Laser power density (irradiance) and exposure duration primarily dictate the damage mechanism. Relatively high irradiances and short exposure durations typically lead to melanin-dependent photothermal damage, whereas low irradiance and long duration exposures are required for photochemical pathways. However, little is known about damage mechanisms at intermediate irradiances and durations for pigmented cells. The current Z136.1-2022 laser safety standard from the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) does not consider combined photothermal and photochemical damage processes. In addition, the ANSI Z136.1 standard classifies photochemical damage as nonthermal. Here, we use extended laser exposure parameters in an <i>in vitro</i> RPE cell model (ATCC CRL-4000) to show that elevated temperatures accelerate photochemical damage mechanisms. In addition, for 447-nm exposure conditions leading to damage considered neither purely photothermal nor photochemical, there is a reduced requirement for the thermal component for cell death. Our results suggest the need to address safety for lasers with blue wavelength emission, as in ophthalmic devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1435692"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12370482/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144981113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intravitreal panitumumab and retinal pigment epithelium proliferation in laser-induced retinal degeneration in rabbits.","authors":"Mukharram M Bikbov, Gyulli M Kazakbaeva, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Iskander D Valishin, Aigul M Nizamutdinova, Jost B Jonas","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2025.1641194","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fopht.2025.1641194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aims to examine the effect of intravitreally applied epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor blocker panitumumab on the proliferation of retinal pigment epithelium cells (RPE) in an experimental model of localized retinal degeneration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The experimental study included rabbits with age of 2 to 3 months and body weight of 2.5-3 kg and which were randomly distributed into a study group and control group. The right eyes received two retinal argon laser coagulation spots (500 mW; diameter, 100 μm; duration, 0.5 s), applied with an interval of 2 min at the same location close to the vascular streak in the posterior fundus region. For five times at 2-day intervals, the rabbits of the study group received intravitreal injections of 1 mg panitumumab (0.10 mL), and the rabbits of the control group had intravitreal injections of 0.10 mL Ringer's solution. At baseline, at each time point of re-examination, and at study end, the animals were examined by fundus photography and optical coherence tomography of the laser spot.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 19 rabbits (study group: 10 animals; control group: nine animals). After the third injection and at study end, the laser-induced area of depigmentation + hyperpigmentation combined did not vary significantly between the study group and the control group (1.43 ± 0.63 mm² versus 1.63 ± 0.77 mm²; <i>P</i> = 0.56; and 1.37 ± 0.63 mm² versus 1.61 ± 0.74 mm²; <i>P</i> = 0.46, respectively). At the same time points, the area with hyperpigmentation was significantly smaller in the study group than in the control group (0.16 ± 0.15 mm² versus 0.80 ± 0.59 mm²; <i>P</i> = 0.01; and 0.14 ± 0.14 mm² versus 0.70 ± 0.56 mm²; <i>P</i> = 0.02, respectively). At the same time points, the ratio of the hyperpigmented area to the combined depigmented + hyperpigmented area was significantly smaller in the study group than in the control group (0.11 ± 0.09 versus 0.43 ± 0.19 mm²; <i>P</i> < 0.001; and 0.10 ± 0.08 versus 0.35 ± 0.23mm²; <i>P</i> = 0.006, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings indicate that intravitreally administered panitumumab was associated with reduced subretinal hyperpigmentation in a laser-induced model of retinal injury. While this may reflect a modulation of the RPE response, including the potential suppression of RPE proliferation, further studies incorporating histological and molecular analyses are warranted to confirm its effect on subretinal fibrosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1641194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12367493/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144981091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}