Frontiers in ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Myopic Strain: a normalized metric concept for assessing axial myopia.","authors":"Qi Ren, Zhe Chu","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2025.1648686","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fopht.2025.1648686","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Axial myopia is characterized by excessive axial elongation, traditionally quantified by axial length (AL). However, AL conflates the eye's focal distance (adaptive to refractive power) with defocus distance (excessive axial elongation). In this study, we developed Myopic Strain, defined as the ratio of retinal defocus distance (ΔAL) to the eye's focal length, yielding a normalized metric for assessing axial myopia. In an analysis of 242 eyes, ΔAL and Myopic Strain were derived from Morgan's optometric model. Subsequently, the correlation between Myopic Strain and optical and biomechanical markers of myopia was analyzed. Finally, we analyzed the distinctive characteristics exhibited by Myopic Strain and the ratio of AL to corneal curvature radius (AL/CR) as AL increased. Results demonstrated that Myopic Strain showed significant correlations with optical and biomechanical markers of myopia-spherical equivalent refractive error (SER; <i>r</i> = -0.81) and stress-strain index (SSI; <i>r</i> = -0.30) (both <i>p</i> < 0.001). Correspondingly, Myopic Strain provided superior explanatory power for SER (<i>R²</i> = 0.65) and comparable power for SSI (<i>R²</i> = 0.09) (both <i>p</i> < 0.001). Furthermore, our analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between Myopic Strain and AL (<i>r</i> = 0.82, <i>p</i> < 0.001), concomitantly with a moderate positive correlation between AL/CR and AL (<i>r</i> = 0.64, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Notably, the theoretical emmetropization baseline of AL/CR exhibited an inverse relationship with AL. In conclusion, Myopic Strain emerges as a suitable normalized metric for assessing axial myopia severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1648686"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12358280/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144884414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical pre- and postoperative factors in evaluating ptosis.","authors":"Jordan N Cornwell, Claire S Smith, Katherine M Lucarelli, Alexander Sones, Daniel B Rootman","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2025.1609113","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fopht.2025.1609113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Blepharoptosis repair is a common eyelid surgery worldwide, however technique and outcome measurements vary widely.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to determine a consensus on pre- and postoperative factors important to oculoplastic surgeons in the evaluation of ptosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Oculoplastic surgeons were queried to describe 10 or more variables important for pre- and postoperative evaluation of ptosis and subsequently rate them on a 5-point Likert scale. A nominal group meeting determined a consensus on the 10 most important pre- and postoperative factors based on the previous survey responses. Mean and standard deviation for Likert score responses were compared using a student's t-test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred and sixty-three respondents contributed a total of 1,909 open-ended responses. The two most cited factors were levator function (91.4%) and upper marginal reflex distance (87.7%). Known secondary causes of ptosis (75.5%), health of cornea and tear film (58.9%) and brow elevation/compensation (55.2%) were reported as important by over 50% of the respondents. The final variables were categorized into four groups: Causes of Ptosis, Surgical Planning, Anatomy and Symmetry, and Ptosis-Related Quality of Life.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A cohort of ASOPRS oculoplastic surgeons reached a consensus on a critical set of variables important for ptosis evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1609113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12358743/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144884376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glaucoma detection in myopic eyes using deep learning autoencoder-based regions of interest.","authors":"Christopher Bowd, Akram Belghith, Mark Christopher, Makoto Araie, Aiko Iwase, Goji Tomita, Kyoko Ohno-Matsui, Hitomi Saito, Hiroshi Murata, Tsutomu Kikawa, Kazuhisa Sugiyama, Tomomi Higashide, Atsuya Miki, Toru Nakazawa, Makoto Aihara, Tae-Woo Kim, Christopher Kai Shun Leung, Robert N Weinreb, Linda M Zangwill","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2025.1624015","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fopht.2025.1624015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a deep learning autoencoder-based model utilizing regions of interest (ROI) from optical coherence tomography (OCT) texture enface images for detecting glaucoma in myopic eyes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included a total of 453 eyes from 315 participants from the multi-center \"Swept-Source OCT (SS-OCT) Myopia and Glaucoma Study\", composed of 268 eyes from 168 healthy individuals and 185 eyes from 147 glaucomatous individuals. All participants underwent swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) imaging, from which texture enface images were constructed and analyzed. The study compared four methods: (1) global RNFL thickness, (2) texture enface image, (3) a single autoencoder model trained only on healthy eyes, and (4) a dual autoencoder model trained on both healthy and glaucomatous eyes. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed using the area under the receiver operating curves (AUROC) and precision recall curves (AUPRC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The dual autoencoder model achieved the highest AUROC (95% CI) (0.92 [0.88, 0.95]), significantly outperforming the single autoencoder model trained only on healthy eyes (0.86 [0.83, 0.88], p = 0.01), the global RNFL thickness model (0.84 [0.80, 0.86], p = 0.003), and the texture enface model (0.83 [0.79, 0.85], p = 0.005). Using AUPRC (95% CI), the dual autoencoder model (0.86 [0.83, 0.89]) also outperformed the single autoencoder model trained only on healthy eyes (0.80 [0.78, 0.82], p = 0.02), the global RNFL thickness model (0.74 [0.70, 0.76], p = 0.001), and the texture enface model (0.71 [0.68, 0.73], p<0.001). No significant difference was observed between the global RNFL thickness measurement and the texture enface measurement (p = 0.47).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The dual autoencoder model, which integrates reconstruction errors from both healthy and glaucomatous training data, demonstrated superior diagnostic accuracy compared to the single autoencoder model, global RNFL thickness and texture enface-based approaches. These findings suggest that deep learning models leveraging ROI-based reconstruction error from texture enface images may enhance glaucoma classification in myopic eyes, providing a robust alternative to conventional structural thickness metrics.</p>","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1624015"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12358265/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144884377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MyoD is required for the differentiation of Myo/Nog cell progenitors of myofibroblasts in explants of human lens tissue.","authors":"Jacquelyn Gerhart, Mara Crispin, Brian Heist, Keith Mathers, Joseph Infanti, David Venuti, Joseph F Richards, Steven Morency, Cathy Hatcher, Mindy George-Weinstein","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2025.1618276","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fopht.2025.1618276","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is a complication of cataract surgery that impairs vision. Clouding and distortion of the posterior capsule occur as a result of cell migration, deposition of extracellular matrix proteins and contractions of myofibroblasts. The focus of this study is a subpopulation of cells within the lens, called Myo/Nog cells, that differentiate into myofibroblasts in response to wounding. Myo/Nog cells express the skeletal muscle specific transcription factor MyoD, bone morphogenetic protein inhibitor Noggin and brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor (BAI1). Depletion of Myo/Nog cells in explants of human anterior lens tissue and the rabbit lens during cataract surgery prevented the emergence of myofibroblasts, and in the rabbit, reduced PCO and anterior capsule opacification to below clinically significant levels. A requirement for MyoD in the differentiation of Myo/Nog cells to myofibroblasts was explored in explant cultures of human anterior lens tissue removed during cataract surgery.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Human anterior lens tissue was removed by femtosecond laser capsulotomy or curvilinear capsulorhexis during cataract surgery. Tissue was incubated in serum free DMEM/F12 medium for five days with MyoD siRNA, non-targeting siRNA or siRNA delivery buffer. In situ hybridization was carried out with fluorescent probes for human MyoD and Noggin mRNAs. MyoD, Myf5, Myogenin, alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), striated muscle myosin heavy chain and Ki67 proteins were localized by immunofluorescence localization. Cell free areas of the capsule were identified by differential interference and fluorescence microscopy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Approximately seven percent of the cells in control cultures co-expressed MyoD and Noggin mRNAs. The number of MyoD mRNA-positive (+) cells was reduced by 90% after treatment with MyoD siRNA. The Noggin mRNA+ population was significantly increased with MyoD knockdown. Nearly all cells with BAI1 contained MyoD protein and all had Noggin protein. The MyoD family members Myf5 and Myogenin were also synthesized in Myo/Nog cells. More BAI1+ cells contained Myf5 than Myogenin. The majority of cells with BAI1 synthesized α-SMA and striated muscle myosin. Incubation with MyoD siRNA nearly eliminated Myogenin and striated muscle myosin, and significantly reduced the number of BAI1+ cells with Myf5. Expression of α-SMA was unaffected by MyoD knockdown. The numbers of BAI1+ and BAI1-negative (-) lens epithelial cells (LECs) increased in response to treatment with MyoD siRNA. Noggin and muscle proteins were not detected in LECs in control explants or after MyoD knockdown.  Wounds, defined as areas of the capsule denuded of cells, were surrounded by Myo/Nog cells containing muscle proteins in control cultures. Wrinkles in the capsule were visible within most wounds. BAI1+/α-SMA+ cells continued to form a rim around wounds, but wrinkles were reduced by","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1618276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12359060/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144884378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Intramuscular orbital schwannoma: case report and review of the literature.","authors":"Hammam A Alotaibi, Firas Madani, Rawan N Althaqib, Hamad M AlSulaiman","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2025.1655719","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fopht.2025.1655719","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2025.1586465.].</p>","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1655719"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12312795/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144762560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: The role of IL-6 in thyroid eye disease: an update on emerging treatments.","authors":"Jennifer Murdock, John Nguyen, Brady J Hurtgen, Cathy Andorfer, John Walsh, Andrea Lin, Christopher Tubbs, Kristine Erickson, Kimberly Cockerham","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2025.1641164","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fopht.2025.1641164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2025.1544436.].</p>","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1641164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12309493/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144755268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of a novel surgical approach: sutureless correction of conjunctivochalasis using new conjunctival forceps combined with high-frequency electrocautery.","authors":"Tingting Song, Xianjun Liang, Yingjie Lin, Huihui Luo","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2025.1554316","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fopht.2025.1554316","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the efficiency, efficacy, and safety of application new conjunctival forceps combined with high-frequency electrocautery-assisted for treatment of conjunctivochalasis (Cch).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included data from 19 patients (22 eyes)with conjunctivochalasis who underwent treatment from January to December 2023. Cch correction was performed with our new conjunctival forceps (Patent Number: ZL 2022 2 0320601.0), which offers enhanced precision and stability in grasping the conjunctiva, combined with high-frequency electrocautery (Ellman, America) for sutureless correction. Surgical duration was recorded. Cch severity, assessed with lip-parallel conjunctival folds (LIPCOF), along with discomfort scored by Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), were compared pre- and post-operatively. A reduction in LIPCOF grade and complete healing of the conjunctival epithelium post-surgery within one month were considered successful outcomes. Healing and potential complications were checked at one week and one month.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean surgical duration was 6.9 ± 1.5 minutes. Significant improvement in LIPCOF grades was observed over time (χ²=62.824, p<0.01), with 59.1% of eyes achieving grade 0 at 1 week postoperatively, increasing to 95.5% at 1 month. OSDI scores showed no difference between preoperative (38.54) and 1-week postoperative (41.67) values (p=0.922), but significantly decreased by 1 month (16.67, p<0.001). Complete healing was noted at electrode contact sites by 1 week, while incisions managed with novel conjunctival forceps showed 75% healing rate; all incisions were fully healed by 1 month. Mild postoperative congestion and edema resolved completely without major complications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The new conjunctival forceps with high-frequency electrocautery for sutureless Cch correction proved to be efficient, effective, and safe.</p>","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1554316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12289505/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144735875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stakeholders' perspectives on a digital myopia screening program in children: a qualitative analysis.","authors":"Casper van der Zee, Janneau L J Claessens, Petra T Rausch-Koster, Saskia M Imhof, Ruth M A van Nispen, Robert P L Wisse, Hilde P A van der Aa","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2025.1585320","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fopht.2025.1585320","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study was aimed at identifying barriers and opportunities to use a self-administered online refractive eye test by various stakeholders of a pediatric vision screening program.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This qualitative study performed semi-structured interviews with myopic children and their parents, eye care professionals, and policymakers. Three topic lists were developed, delineating themes to identify gaps, barriers, and opportunities. Interviews were anonymously recorded, transcribed, and coded using thematic analysis. Quantitative data was acquired from a concomitant clinical validation study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 14 interviews were conducted, of which seven were with children and their parents, four with eye care professionals, and three with policymakers. The patients and parents were positive about the instructions and age appropriateness. They noted that the test could be designed as more child-friendly and preferred receiving feedback during the test. Eye care professionals and policymakers saw potential for using the test in children aged ≥12 without high refractive errors, yet they also underlined the false-positives rates, impacting care demand and costs. The population refraining from participation was expected to have higher health gains, yet including them was expected to be challenging without facilitating awareness.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This qualitative study shows the perspectives for an online pediatric refractive screening. The patients and parents were open to self-administered screening and suggested improvements. The eye care professionals and policymakers were receptive to screening but also cautious, highlighting costs and scientific reliability. For better implementation, the policymakers underlined the relevance of the screening criteria, while the eye care professionals recommended targeting a specific population at risk that benefits most rather than screening the whole population.</p>","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1585320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12279491/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144692645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral optic perineuritis: a rare manifestation of giant cell arteritis - case report and literature review.","authors":"Jnadi Madkhali, Ahmed B Aba Alkhail, Mohammed A Aldriweesh, Yaser Al Malik","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2025.1598302","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fopht.2025.1598302","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a granulomatous vasculitis in older individuals that primarily affects medium-to-large vessels. Owing to the involvement of the ophthalmic arteries, GCA can lead to severe ischemic complications, including vision loss. Optic perineuritis (OPN) is characterized by inflammation around the optic nerve sheath and is a rare manifestation of GCA with diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>This case study reports a 75-year-old female presenting with subacute constitutional symptoms of fever and poor appetite with bilateral eye pain and visual disturbance. The patient had elevated inflammatory markers, specifically an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 120 mm/h, with imaging findings consistent with bilateral OPN and temporal artery biopsy-proven GCA. Treatment with high-dose dexamethasone, followed by oral prednisolone and tocilizumab, led to symptomatic improvement in vision stabilization.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights the importance of recognizing OPN as a possible manifestation of GCA. Although cases of OPN are mostly idiopathic, it can rarely represent the first manifestation of GCA. Therefore, prompt diagnosis through brain imaging and temporal artery biopsy is essential, and aggressive treatment with steroids is crucial for managing GCA-associated OPN to prevent irreversible vision loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1598302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12270863/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144676722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-related macular degeneration associated with optic disc drusen.","authors":"Anas Alkhabaz, Min Young Kim, Rishita Pujari, Jamie Zhang, Yulan Ren, Loh-Shan Bryan Leung, Yaping Joyce Liao","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2025.1620616","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fopht.2025.1620616","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate the risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in association with optic disc drusen (ODD).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This was an observational, cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Participants were consecutive patients with and without ODD from the neuro-ophthalmology clinic. Ten patients with concomitant ODD-AMD were sub-analyzed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The two cohorts were identified from a prospectively recruited dataset between July 2022 and June 2024. Patients received formal diagnoses of ODD and AMD after ophthalmic and imaging assessment. A logistic regression model was utilized in calculating AMD risk to account for demographic differences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 94 patients with ODD (median age: 44 [Q1: 20, Q3: 69], 64% women) and 100 patients without ODD (median age: 60 [Q1: 44, Q3: 69], 48% women) were identified. AMD was observed in 9.6% and 3% of the ODD and non-ODD cohorts, respectively. The risk of AMD was higher in the ODD group (OR = 3.93, 95% CI: 0.89-21.85, <i>p</i> = 0.084). Although the association was not statistically significant, a logistic regression model attributed that to the age difference between the two cohorts. Of the 10 patients with ODD-AMD, 70% had a family history of AMD. These patients were all Caucasians and had a median age of 75 years (range: 56-91); 70% were women. Only 30% were smokers. On optic disc imaging, 70% of eyes demonstrated moderate-to-severe ODD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with ODD might be at a higher risk of AMD compared to patients without ODD, and AMD screening might be warranted. A family history of AMD is often present, indicating shared genetic risk factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1620616"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12267001/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144661162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}