Frontiers in fungal biology最新文献

{"title":"A chromatographic approach for investigating the proliferation ability of native <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> yeast strains under varying temperatures and ethanol concentrations.","authors":"Lambros Farmakis, Panailla Aslanidou, Lia Katsou, Nikoketa Moraiti","doi":"10.3389/ffunb.2025.1542167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffunb.2025.1542167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Native yeast strains have been proved to be of great importance for food industry. In the present work, two different <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> native yeast strains isolated from the must from <i>Moschofilero</i> and <i>Agiorgitiko</i> varieties, respectively, were studied in order to estimate the influence of temperature and ethanol concentration on their proliferation ability via asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AsFlFFF) technique. The growth rate of the yeast strains, was directly linked to the biomass production under these conditions and was finally investigated via the ability of AsFlFFF to separate particles according to their size. The experimental results showed that the native yeast <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> from the must of the <i>Moschofilero</i> variety has an ideal growth temperature of 15°C in the absence of alcohol but exhibits low resistance to ethanol. In contrast, yeasts from the <i>Agiorgitiko</i> variety exhibit resistance to 10% v/v ethanol and remain active for a longer period of time. The ability of these strains to grow under these conditions is a strong indication that they can be used as starter cultures in winemaking to improve the organoleptic characteristics of the produced wines. Yeasts from <i>Moschofilero</i> are suitable for starting fermentation under normal conditions, while yeasts from <i>Agiorgitiko</i> can be used both as starter yeasts and in ethanol environments. This study shows also that the asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation technique can be successfully used to monitor yeast growth under different experimental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":73084,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in fungal biology","volume":"6 ","pages":"1542167"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12120852/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144180277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and identification of <i>Fusarium</i> species from the water systems of ICUs and transplant wards of hospitals and determination of the <i>in vitro</i> susceptibilities of isolates to conventional antifungals.","authors":"Fatemeh Mirhasani, Roshanak Daie-Ghazvini, Seyed Jamal Hashemi, Sadegh Khodavaisy, Pegah Ardi, Zahra Rafat, Davoud Roostaei, Heidar Bakhshi, Fatemeh Amirzadeh-Ghasemi","doi":"10.3389/ffunb.2025.1564237","DOIUrl":"10.3389/ffunb.2025.1564237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The rising prevalence of nosocomial infections, particularly those caused by airborne fungal spores in operating rooms and intensive care units (ICUs), has become a significant public health concern. <i>Fusarium</i> species in water systems pose a severe threat to immunocompromised patients and can disseminate as aerosols through devices such as faucets and showers. This study aimed to isolate and identify <i>Fusarium</i> species from the water systems of the ICUs and transplant units at Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex and Shariati Hospital in Tehran, Iran, as potential sources of future outbreaks. Additionally, the study sought to determine the <i>in vitro</i> susceptibilities of the isolates to conventional antifungal agents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sterile swabs and open plates containing Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) with chloramphenicol were used to collect water samples from sink surfaces, shower trays, faucets, and around the drains of sinks, as well as from bathroom areas. Swab samples were cultured, and the open-plate samples were evaluated for the growth of <i>Fusarium</i> species. The validation of all <i>Fusarium</i> sp. isolates was performed using DNA sequencing of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF-1α) gene. The antifungal susceptibility patterns of each isolate were tested against voriconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, caspofungin, and amphotericin B using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) broth microdilution method for filamentous fungi.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>Fusarium</i> species were recovered from six out of 362 water system samples, representing 1.65% of the total. Five isolates were identified as <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> from the <i>F. oxysporum</i> complex, while one isolate was identified as <i>Fusarium proliferatum</i> from the <i>Fusarium fujikuroi</i> complex. All isolates were obtained from sinks (three isolates) and faucets (three isolates) at Imam Khomeini Hospital. Antifungal susceptibility testing revealed that posaconazole, voriconazole, and amphotericin B were the most effective drugs against all <i>Fusarium</i> isolates, with no instances of resistance to these antifungal agents observed. However, non-wild-type isolates were noted for the other drugs tested.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The isolation of pathogenic <i>Fusarium</i> species from water samples collected in the ICU wards of the Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex underscores the urgent need to implement effective control and prevention measures in hospital water systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":73084,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in fungal biology","volume":"6 ","pages":"1564237"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12117585/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144175935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Current perspectives on the use of entomopathogenic fungi for pest control.","authors":"Isabele Costa Angelo, José Luis Ramírez, Adalberto Á Pérez de León, Patricia Silva Gôlo","doi":"10.3389/ffunb.2025.1609506","DOIUrl":"10.3389/ffunb.2025.1609506","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73084,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in fungal biology","volume":"6 ","pages":"1609506"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12093407/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144121591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature-related growth limits and wood decay capacity of the warmth-loving fungus <i>Biscogniauxia nummularia in vitro</i>.","authors":"Jan Tropf, Steffen Bien, Johanna Bußkamp, Holger Sennhenn-Reulen, Johanna Becker, Jörg Grüner, Gitta Jutta Langer, Ewald Johannes Langer","doi":"10.3389/ffunb.2025.1548128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffunb.2025.1548128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Temperature-related growth characteristics and wood decay capacities of <i>Biscogniauxia nummularia</i> strains were analysed <i>in vitro</i>, revealing variability between strains. To model the growth characteristics fitted dose-response curves were generated using the four-parameter Brain-Cousens hormesis model. The different strains showed distinct optimum growth temperatures, with some achieving maximum growth at 25°C, while others peaked at 28°C, depending on the tested culture media. Strains tested also exhibited variation in their temperature ranges for measurable growth, with some tolerating a broader range than others. The results of the study lead to the consideration that temperature tolerance as well as the optimal growth temperature might be influenced by the strains' geographic origin, with those from southern Germany possibly adapted to higher temperatures. In terms of wood decay, mass loss caused by the various strains differed clearly in many cases, suggesting potential strain-dependent differences in pathogenicity. Additionally, genetic analysis of the beta-tubulin DNA region of <i>B. nummularia</i> specimens examined revealed considerable variations between the strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":73084,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in fungal biology","volume":"6 ","pages":"1548128"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12021901/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144054536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research advances in Ecuador on use of entomopathogenic fungi for control of the cattle tick, <i>Rhipicephalus microplus</i>: the case of <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> sensu lato strain INIAP L3B3.","authors":"David Hidalgo, José Luis Ramírez, Mercedes Navarrete, Víctor Cevallos, Mario Ramos, Bill Bravo, Klever Carranza, Víctor Montes, Adalberto Á Pérez de León","doi":"10.3389/ffunb.2025.1492395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffunb.2025.1492395","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ecuador is one of the countries in the world where ticks and tick-borne diseases are major constraints on cattle health and productivity. The intense use of synthetic acaricides to manage tick infestations resulted in widespread acaricide resistance in the tick <i>Rhipicephalus microplus</i>, which is known to infest over 75% of the farms where cattle are raised in the country. Sustainable and environmentally friendly alternatives to control the cattle tick <i>R. microplus</i> are needed urgently. This minireview describes a project at the Santo Domingo Experimental Station of the National Institute of Agricultural Research to develop biopesticides for tick management to exemplify advances in collaborative research on the use of entomopathogenic fungi as active ingredients, or mycopesticides, in formulations to control <i>R. microplus</i>. Research and development conducted in multiple phases revealed the <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> acaricidal properties of <i>B. bassiana</i> sensu lato (s.l.) strain INIAP L3B3. These efforts followed efficacy and safety norms issued by the government agency of Ecuador in charge of controls and regulations to protect an improve animal health, plant health, and food safety. Results described herein indicate that <i>B. bassiana</i> s.l. INIAP L3B3 can be registered as an eco-friendly mycopesticide alternative to synthetic chemical acaricides or could complement conventional chemical acaricide applications for integrated <i>R. microplus</i> management programs in support of sustainable cattle raising in Ecuador.</p>","PeriodicalId":73084,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in fungal biology","volume":"6 ","pages":"1492395"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12004127/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144001419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fumonisin and ochratoxin-producing strains of <i>Aspergillus</i> section <i>Nigri</i> are associated with onion (<i>Allium cepa</i> L.) bulbs sold in markets in southwest Nigeria.","authors":"Catherine Oluwakemi Esuola, Alejandro Ortega-Beltran","doi":"10.3389/ffunb.2025.1563824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffunb.2025.1563824","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Onion bulbs are edible, nutritious vegetables and spices. In Nigeria, mass propagation of onion seedlings is limited due to infection of the onion bulbs by <i>Aspergillus</i> section <i>Nigri</i>, especially <i>Aspergillus niger</i> strains. Mycotoxin-producing <i>A. niger</i> strains are detrimental to public health. Hence, this study was undertaken to screen the locally sourced onion bulbs for fumonisin B₂ (FB₂) [Multiplex A: <i>fum6</i> (374 bp), <i>fum8</i> (272 bp), <i>fum13</i> (168 bp), and <i>fum19</i> (479 bp) and Multiplex B: <i>fum1</i> (452 bp), <i>fum7</i> (238 bp), <i>fum3</i> (173 bp), and <i>fum14</i> (321 bp)] and ochratoxin A [OTA; <i>pks15ks</i> (776 bp)] <i>A. niger</i> biosynthetic genes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thus, 100 onion bulbs were collected from four different local markets (Dugbe, Agbowo, Sasa, and Omi). The surface of each bulb was disinfected, and after incubation, isolates of <i>A. niger</i> were detected. <i>A. niger</i> isolates were cultured on potato dextrose agar. Genomic DNA was extracted from isolates of <i>A. niger</i>. Multiplex PCR confirmed the presence and absence of FB₂ (<i>fum</i>) and OTA (<i>pks15ks</i>) biosynthetic genes.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>A total of 200 isolates of <i>A. niger</i> were isolated from the onion bulbs, and 22 (11%) isolates amplified at least two <i>fum</i> genes, while three (1.5%) amplified the <i>pks15ks</i> gene. All isolates were positive for <i>fum1</i> and <i>fum19</i>. The highest/lowest percentage of the location/isolates of <i>fum</i> and <i>pks15ks</i> was Agbowo/Omi with 32.0%/2.1% and Dugbe/Agbowo with 6.7%/2.3%, respectively. Hence, the use of multiplex PCR to detect FB₂ and OTA biosynthetic genes in the isolated <i>A. niger</i> strains from the locally sourced onion bulbs will assist onion growers in the mass production of healthy onion seedlings with export potential and quality. Early detection of FB₂ and OTA biosynthetic genes is important to predict possible mycotoxin-producing <i>A</i>. section <i>Nigri</i> in onion bulbs.</p>","PeriodicalId":73084,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in fungal biology","volume":"6 ","pages":"1563824"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12056510/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144043498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The fungus <i>Escovopsis</i> (<i>Ascomycota</i>: <i>Hypocreales</i>): a critical review of its biology and parasitism of attine ant colonies.","authors":"Simon Luke Elliot, Quimi Vidaurre Montoya, Marcela Cristina Silva Caixeta, Andre Rodrigues","doi":"10.3389/ffunb.2024.1486601","DOIUrl":"10.3389/ffunb.2024.1486601","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two biological phenomena that contribute to increasing complexity in biological systems are mutualistic symbiotic interactions and the evolution of sociality. These two phenomena are also of fundamental importance to our understanding of the natural world. An organism that poses a threat to one or both of these is therefore also of great interest as it represents a challenge that mutualistic symbioses and social organisms have to overcome. This is the case with the fungus <i>Escovopsis</i> (<i>Ascomycota</i>: <i>Hypocreales</i>), which attacks the fungus garden of attine ants (<i>Formicidae</i>: <i>Attina</i>) such as the leaf cutters. This parasite has attracted much high-profile scientific interest for considerable time, and its study has been fruitful in understanding evolutionary, ecological and behavioural processes. Despite this, much of the biology and ecology of this organism remains unknown. Here we discuss this fungus and three sister genera (<i>Escovopsioides</i>, <i>Luteomyces</i> and <i>Sympodiorosea</i>) that until recently were considered as a single group. We first describe its position as the most highly specialised microbial symbiont in this system other than the mutualistic fungal cultivar itself and as that of greatest scientific interest. We then review the taxonomic history of the group and its macroevolution and biogeography. We examine what we know of its life cycle in the field - surprisingly little is known of how it is transmitted between colonies, but we explain what is known to date. We then review how it interacts with its host(s), first at the level of its direct interaction with the basidiomycete host fungi wherein we show the evidence for it being a mycoparasite; then at the colony level where empirical evidence points towards it being a parasite with a very low virulence or even merely a opportunist. Finally, we offer directions for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":73084,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in fungal biology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1486601"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11959280/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can whole genome sequencing resolve taxonomic ambiguities in fungi? The case study of <i>Colletotrichum</i> associated with ferns.","authors":"Andrea Menicucci, Salvatore Iacono, Madalena Ramos, Chiara Fiorenzani, Natalia Aparecida Peres, Lavern Wayne Timmer, Antonio Prodi, Riccardo Baroncelli","doi":"10.3389/ffunb.2025.1540469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffunb.2025.1540469","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The genus <i>Colletotrichum</i> comprises numerous fungal species with diverse ecological roles, including plant pathogenic, endophytic, and saprophytic lifestyles. Accurate species identification is crucial for understanding host-pathogen interactions, disease epidemiology, and fungal ecology. However, taxonomic classification within <i>Colletotrichum</i> remains challenging due to genetic complexity and phenotypic plasticity. Conventional approaches such as single-gene analyses and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) frequently fail to resolve closely related taxa, leading to misidentifications that hinder species delimitation and comparative evolutionary studies. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) offers a promising alternative by providing genome-wide resolution for phylogenetic analysis. This study investigates <i>Colletotrichum</i> isolates associated with the fern <i>Rumohra adiantiformis</i> and evaluates the effectiveness of WGS in addressing taxonomic uncertainties.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 18 <i>Colletotrichum</i> isolates, including fern-associated strains, were analyzed. Genomic DNA was extracted and sequenced using the Illumina NovaSeq platform. High-quality genome assemblies were generated, and gene prediction was conducted using AUGUSTUS. Orthogroup assignment and phylogenomic analysis were performed based on single-copy orthologs, and phylogenetic trees were constructed using MLST and WGS-based approaches. Comparative analyses were carried out to assess the taxonomic resolution provided by WGS in relation to traditional methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Genome-wide phylogenomic analysis revealed distinct evolutionary lineages among <i>Colletotrichum</i> isolates that MLST failed to resolve, highlighting host and geographic differentiation. High-quality genome assemblies were obtained, with 98.3% of genes assigned to orthogroups, indicating strong genomic conservation. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed a close relationship between <i>Rumohra adiantiformis</i>-associated isolates and <i>Colletotrichum filicis</i>, reinforcing the effectiveness of WGS in species identification.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings demonstrate the superiority of WGS over MLST in resolving species boundaries and reconstructing evolutionary relationships. The enhanced resolution provided by genome-wide data enables more accurate taxonomic classification, reducing misidentifications and improving our understanding of fungal biodiversity. By refining <i>Colletotrichum</i> taxonomy, WGS facilitates ecological and pathogenic studies, offering a robust framework for future research in fungal systematics and plant pathology. As sequencing technologies continue to advance, WGS is expected to become a standard tool for fungal species delineation and evolutionary studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":73084,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in fungal biology","volume":"6 ","pages":"1540469"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11906685/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143652294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of the emerging pathogenic yeast <i>Candida palmioleophila</i> in commercially relevant fish from southeastern Brazil.","authors":"Manoel M E Oliveira, Viviane Felix Moraes Lima, Gisela Lara da Costa, Barbara de Oliveira Baptista, Julia Auad Augusto, Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis","doi":"10.3389/ffunb.2025.1545572","DOIUrl":"10.3389/ffunb.2025.1545572","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emerging fungal pathogen <i>Candida palmioleophila</i> (<i>C. palmioleophila</i>) has been increasingly detected in environmental and animal samples, although studies in this regard are still scarce, especially in fisheries contexts. This study reports the first-time detection of <i>C. palmioleophila</i> in a commercially relevant fish species belonging to the Sciaenidae family (<i>Cynoscion</i> sp.), indicating its potential emergence as a pathogen in Brazil. We applied CHROMagar Candida Plus medium identification associated to Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for the identification of <i>C. palmioleophila</i> isolates. Although only one fish specimen was shown to be contaminated by <i>C. palmioleophila</i>, this study provides the first evidence of this yeast circulating in commercially relevant fish species in Brazil, highlighting the potential risks associated with this emerging pathogen.</p>","PeriodicalId":73084,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in fungal biology","volume":"6 ","pages":"1545572"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11891357/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143598407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dispensable genome and segmental duplications drive the genome plasticity in <i>Fusarium solani</i>.","authors":"Abbeah Navasca, Jatinder Singh, Viviana Rivera-Varas, Upinder Gill, Gary Secor, Thomas Baldwin","doi":"10.3389/ffunb.2025.1432339","DOIUrl":"10.3389/ffunb.2025.1432339","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Fusarium solani</i> is a species complex encompassing a large phylogenetic clade with diverse members occupying varied habitats. We recently reported a unique opportunistic <i>F. solani</i> associated with unusual dark galls in sugarbeet. We assembled the chromosome-level genome of the <i>F. solani</i> sugarbeet isolate strain SB1 using Oxford Nanopore and Hi-C sequencing. The average size of <i>F. solani</i> genomes is 54 Mb, whereas SB1 has a larger genome of 59.38 Mb, organized into 15 chromosomes. The genome expansion of strain SB1 is due to the high repeats and segmental duplications within its three potentially accessory chromosomes. These chromosomes are absent in the closest reference genome with chromosome-level assembly, <i>F. vanettenii</i> 77-13-4. Segmental duplications were found in three chromosomes but are most extensive between two specific SB1 chromosomes, suggesting that this isolate may have doubled its accessory genes. Further comparison of the <i>F. solani</i> strain SB1 genome demonstrates inversions and syntenic regions to an accessory chromosome of <i>F. vanettenii</i> 77-13-4. The pan-genome of 12 publicly available <i>F. solani</i> isolates nearly reached gene saturation, with few new genes discovered after the addition of the last genome. Based on orthogroups and average nucleotide identity, <i>F. solani</i> is not grouped by lifestyle or origin. The pan-genome analysis further revealed the enrichment of several enzymes-coding genes within the dispensable (accessory + unique genes) genome, such as hydrolases, transferases, oxidoreductases, lyases, ligases, isomerase, and dehydrogenase. The evidence presented here suggests that genome plasticity, genetic diversity, and adaptive traits in <i>Fusarium solani</i> are driven by the dispensable genome with significant contributions from segmental duplications.</p>","PeriodicalId":73084,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in fungal biology","volume":"6 ","pages":"1432339"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11835900/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143460680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}