Frontiers in fungal biology最新文献

{"title":"Elucidation of α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS based metabolic profiling of endophytic fungi <i>Alternaria alternata</i> BRN05 isolated from seeds of <i>Swietenia macrophylla</i> king.","authors":"Piyush Kumar, Sai Anand Kannakazhi Kantari, Ranendra Pratap Biswal, Prasanth Ghanta, Malleswara Dharanikota","doi":"10.3389/ffunb.2025.1447609","DOIUrl":"10.3389/ffunb.2025.1447609","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is a growing demand for new diabetes drugs with fewer side effects to replace current medications known for their adverse effects. Inhibition of α-glucosidase responsible for postprandial hyperglycemia among diabetes patients is a promising strategy for managing the disease. This study aims to explore and identify novel bioactive metabolites with anti-diabetes potential from <i>Alternaria alternata</i> BRN05, an endophytic fungus isolated from a well-known medicinal plant <i>Swietenia macrophylla</i> King. Ethyl acetate extracts of <i>Alternaria alternata</i> BRN05 grown in full-strength (EFS) and quarter-strength (EQS) media, respectively were evaluated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Based on IC₅₀ values, EQS exhibited significantly greater inhibitory activity (0.01482 ± 1.809 mg/mL) as compared to EFS (1.16 ± 0.173 mg/mL) as well as acarbose control (0.494 ± 0.009 mg/mL). EFS and EQS were subjected to metabolic profiling using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography - Electrospray Ionization - Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS). A total of nineteen metabolites from EFS and twenty from EQS were tentatively identified based on MS/MS fragmentation. Molecular docking analysis revealed that twelve among these exhibited greater binding energies than that of acarbose (-6.6 kcal/mol). Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations of 3',4',7-trihydroxyisoflavanone (THF) and alternariol 9-methyl ether (AME) from EQS, exhibiting high binding energies (-7.5 and -7 kcal/mol, respectively), were performed to investigate their interactions with human intestinal α-glucosidase. Results suggest THF possesses strong inhibitory potential, making it a promising candidate for diabetes management.</p>","PeriodicalId":73084,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in fungal biology","volume":"6 ","pages":"1447609"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11811940/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143411836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CSE-8, a filamentous fungus-specific Shr3-like chaperone, facilitates endoplasmic reticulum exit of chitin synthase CHS-3 (class I) in <i>Neurospora crassa</i>.","authors":"Samantha Verónica González-Téllez, Meritxell Riquelme","doi":"10.3389/ffunb.2024.1505388","DOIUrl":"10.3389/ffunb.2024.1505388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chitin is a crucial structural polysaccharide in fungal cell walls, essential for maintaining cellular plasticity and integrity. Its synthesis is orchestrated by chitin synthases (CHS), a major family of transmembrane proteins. In <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>, the cargo receptor Chs7, belonging to the Shr3-like chaperone family, plays a pivotal role in the exit of Chs3 from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and its subsequent activity in the plasma membrane (PM). However, the auxiliary machinery responsible for CHS trafficking in filamentous fungi remains poorly understood. The <i>Neurospora crassa</i> genome encodes two orthologues of Chs7: chitin synthase export (CSE) proteins CSE-7 (NCU05720) and CSE-8 (NCU01814), both of which are highly conserved among filamentous fungi. In contrast, yeast forms only possess a single copy CHS export receptor. Previous research highlighted the crucial role of CSE-7 in the localization of CHS-4 at sites of cell wall synthesis, including the Spitzenkörper (SPK) and septa. In this study, CSE-8 was identified as an export protein for CHS-3 (class I). In the <i>Δcse-8</i> knockout strain of <i>N. crassa</i>, CHS-3-GFP fluorescence was absent from the SPK or septa, indicating that CSE-8 is required for the exit of CHS-3 from the ER. Additionally, sexual development was disrupted in the <i>Δcse-8</i> strain, with 20% of perithecia from homozygous crosses exhibiting two ostioles. A <i>Δcse-7;Δcse-8</i> double mutant strain showed reduced N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) content and decreased radial growth. Furthermore, the loss of cell polarity and the changes in subcellular distribution of CSE-8-GFP and CHS-3-GFP observed in hyphae under ER stress induced by the addition of tunicamycin and dithiothreitol reinforce the hypothesis that CSE-8 functions as an ER protein. The current evidence suggests that the biogenesis of CHS exclusive to filamentous fungi may involve pathways independent of CSE-mediated receptors.</p>","PeriodicalId":73084,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in fungal biology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1505388"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11803449/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143384330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new name for an old problem-<i>Colletotrichum cigarro</i> is the cause of St John's wilt of <i>Hypericum perforatum</i>.","authors":"Lana-Sophie Kreth, Ulrike Damm, Monika Götz","doi":"10.3389/ffunb.2024.1534080","DOIUrl":"10.3389/ffunb.2024.1534080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A major problem for St John's wort (<i>Hypericum perforatum</i>) is St John's wilt, which can lead to reduced crop yields and even complete crop losses. In the past, the pathogen was referred to as <i>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</i> or occasionally as <i>Colletotrichum</i> cf. <i>gloeosporioides</i> based on morphology. Although a strain from this host had been re-identified as <i>C. cigarro</i> in taxonomic studies, there is uncertainty about the identity of the St John's wilt pathogen, which is generally still addressed as <i>C. gloeosporioides</i> in applied science. In a multi-locus [internal transcribed spacer (ITS), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), actin (ACT), and glutamine synthetase (GS)] analysis of the <i>C. gloeosporioides</i> species complex, all isolates obtained from newly collected symptomatic <i>H. perforatum</i> stems and seeds from Germany and Switzerland were identified as <i>C. cigarro.</i> Although they belonged to the same haplotype, the morphology of the isolates was very variable. Pathogenicity tests demonstrated that only <i>C. cigarro</i> strains from <i>H. perforatum</i> cause symptoms on <i>H. perforatum</i>, whereas other <i>Colletotrichum</i> species tested only caused latent infection of <i>H. perforatum</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":73084,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in fungal biology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1534080"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11799269/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143366936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Fungal virulence.","authors":"Jaime David Acosta-España, Antonio José de Jesus Evangelista, Jonathas Sales de Oliveira, Rosana Serpa","doi":"10.3389/ffunb.2024.1530202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffunb.2024.1530202","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73084,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in fungal biology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1530202"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11739140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and screening of wood-decaying fungi for lignocellulolytic enzyme production and bioremediation processes.","authors":"Anna Civzele, Linda Mezule","doi":"10.3389/ffunb.2024.1494182","DOIUrl":"10.3389/ffunb.2024.1494182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The growing demand for novel enzyme producers to meet industrial and environmental needs has driven interest in lignocellulose-degrading fungi. In this study, lignocellulolytic enzyme production capabilities of environmental fungal isolates collected from boreal coniferous and nemoral summer green deciduous forests were investigated, using Congo Red, ABTS, and Azure B as indicators of cellulolytic and ligninolytic enzyme productions. Through qualitative and quantitative assays, the study aimed to identify promising species for lignocellulose-degrading enzyme secretion and assess their potential for biotechnological applications. Primary screening tests showed intensive enzyme secretion by certain isolates, particularly white rot fungi identified as <i>Trametes pubescens</i> and <i>Cerrena unicolor</i>. These fungi exhibited high efficiency in degrading Congo Red and Azure B. The isolates achieved up to a 93.30% decrease in Congo Red induced color intensity and over 78% decolorization of Azure B within 168 hours. Within 336 hours, these fungi reached nearly 99% removal of Congo Red and up to 99.79% decolorization of Azure B. Enzyme activity analysis confirmed the lignin-degrading capabilities of <i>T. pubescens</i>, which exhibited laccase activity exceeding 208 U/mL. Furthermore, <i>Fomitopsis pinicola</i> showed the highest cellulose-degrading potential among the studied fungi, achieving cellulase activity over 107 U/L during Congo Red decolorization. Previously undescribed enzyme-producing species, such as <i>Peniophora cinerea</i>, <i>Phacidium subcorticalis</i>, and <i>Cladosporium pseudocladosporioides</i>, also demonstrated promising lignocellulolytic enzyme production potential, achieving up to 98.65% and 99.80% decolorization of Congo Red and Azure B, respectively. The study demonstrates novel candidates for efficient lignocellulolytic enzyme production with broad biotechnological applications such as biomass conversion, wastewater treatment, textile dye and other complex chemical removal, and environmental remediation.</p>","PeriodicalId":73084,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in fungal biology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1494182"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11693747/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142923498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minimal domain peptides derived from enterocins exhibit potent antifungal activity.","authors":"Dorrian G Cohen, Theresa M Heidenreich, Jason W Schorey, Jessica N Ross, Daniel E Hammers, Henry M Vu, Thomas E Moran, Christopher J Winski, Peter V Stuckey, Robbi L Ross, Elizabeth Arsenault Yee, Felipe H Santiago-Tirado, Shaun W Lee","doi":"10.3389/ffunb.2024.1506315","DOIUrl":"10.3389/ffunb.2024.1506315","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The antimicrobial peptide (AMP) circularized bacteriocin enterocin AS-48 produced by <i>Enterococcus</i> sp. exhibits broad-spectrum antibacterial activity via dimer insertion into the plasma membrane to form membrane pore structures, compromising membrane integrity and leading to bactericidal activity. A specific alpha-helical region of enterocin AS-48 has been shown to be responsible for the membrane-penetrating activity of the peptide. The canon syn-enterocin peptide library, generated using rational design techniques to have ninety-five synthetic peptide variants from the truncated, linearized, membrane-interacting domain of enterocin AS-48, was screened against three clinically relevant fungal strains: <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i>, <i>Candida albicans</i>, and <i>Candida auris</i> for potential antifungal activity. Twelve peptides exhibited antifungal activity against <i>C. neoformans</i>, and two peptides exhibited activity against <i>C. albicans</i>. The fourteen active antifungal peptides were minimally cytotoxic to an immortalized human keratinocyte cell line (HaCats). Four select peptides were identified with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) below 8 µM against <i>C. neoformans</i>. In 36-hour cell growth tests with these fungicidal peptides, fungicidal peptide no. 32 displayed inhibitory properties comparable to the leading antifungal medication fluconazole against <i>C. neoformans</i>. Screening of peptide no. 32 against a deletion library of <i>C. neoformans</i> mutants revealed that the mechanism of action of peptide no. 32 may relate to multivesicular bodies (MVBs) or polysaccharide capsule targeting. These findings importantly demonstrate that naturally derived AMPs produced by bacteria can be sourced, engineered, and modified to exhibit potent antifungal activity. Our results will contribute to the development of broad treatment alternatives to fungal infections and lend themselves to direct implications for possible treatment options for <i>C. neoformans</i> infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":73084,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in fungal biology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1506315"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11693670/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142923682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements in lipid production research using the koji-mold <i>Aspergillus oryzae</i> and future outlook.","authors":"Koichi Tamano","doi":"10.3389/ffunb.2024.1526568","DOIUrl":"10.3389/ffunb.2024.1526568","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research on enhancing the production of lipids, particularly polyunsaturated fatty acids that are considered important for health, has focused on improvement of metabolism as well as heterologous expression of biosynthetic genes in the oleaginous fungus <i>Aspergillus oryzae</i>. To date, the productivity and production yield of free fatty acids have been enhanced by 10-fold to 90-fold via improvements in metabolism and optimization of culture conditions. Moreover, the productivity of ester-type fatty acids present in triacylglycerols could be enhanced via metabolic improvement. Culturing <i>A. oryzae</i> in a liquid medium supplemented with non-ionic surfactants could also lead to the effective release of free fatty acids from the cells. The current review highlights the advancements made in this field so far and discusses the future outlook for research on lipid production using <i>A. oryzae</i>. I hope the contents are useful for researchers in this field to consider the strategy of increasing production of various valuable metabolites as well as lipids in <i>A. oryzae</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":73084,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in fungal biology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1526568"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11683092/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142908062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological variations and adhesive distribution: a cross-species examination in <i>Colletotrichum</i> conidia.","authors":"Caleb Oliver Bedsole, Mary Cowser, Timothy Martin, Jillian Hamilton, Lucia Gonzalez Rodriguez, Thomas M Chappell, Brian D Shaw","doi":"10.3389/ffunb.2024.1481865","DOIUrl":"10.3389/ffunb.2024.1481865","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Colletotrichum</i> is a globally significant genus of plant pathogens known for causing anthracnose across a diverse array of hosts. Notably, <i>Colletotrichum graminicola</i> is a pathogen affecting maize. Annually, the global economic impact of this pathogen reaches billions of US dollars. <i>C. graminicola</i> produces conidia that have a characteristic falcate shape and are dispersed by rain. Upon attachment to maize leaves, these conidia develop melanized appressoria to penetrate the leaf surface to initiate disease. Recent findings have emphasized the existence of an adhesive strip on only one side of <i>C. graminicola</i> conidia. This strip colocalizes with an actin array, playing a crucial role in facilitating attachment and germination. This asymmetrical adhesive was postulated to enhance spore dispersal by assuring that some conidia do not attach to their initial deposition site. The extent of this asymmetric adhesive phenotype in other <i>Colletotrichum</i> species remains unknown, raising questions about its conservation within the genus. This study reveals the ubiquitous presence of an asymmetric adhesive on the conidia across nine isolates of <i>Colletotrichum</i>, representing eight species. Morphological differences in conidium shape and adhesive distribution were observed. Significantly, <i>Colletotrichum truncatum</i> is unique from other observed species by exhibiting an adhesive strip on both sides of its conidium. Furthermore, in <i>C. graminicola</i>, we noted a simultaneous development of the actin array and detachment from its mother cell after spore development. We posit that the study of other <i>Colletotrichum</i> members holds promise in elucidating the evolutionary trajectory of this phenotype. Furthermore, these insights may prove instrumental in understanding spore dispersal dynamics across diverse hosts, shedding light on the intricate web of host specificity within the genus.</p>","PeriodicalId":73084,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in fungal biology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1481865"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11671520/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142904130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-year multi-mycotoxin analysis of South African commercial maize from three provinces.","authors":"Queenta Ngum Nji, Mulunda Mwanza","doi":"10.3389/ffunb.2024.1426782","DOIUrl":"10.3389/ffunb.2024.1426782","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) reported that numerous diseases can be traced back to the consumption of unsafe food contaminated with mycotoxins. Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by toxigenic filamentous fungi. Mycotoxins reported to be of socio-economic concerns include aflatoxins, fumonisins, zearalenone, ochratoxin A, and deoxynivalenol. These mycotoxins are frequent contaminants of maize especially in the face of climate change and global food insecurity. South Africa is a leading exporter of maize in Africa, hence, it is crucial to evaluate exposure risks with respect to mycotoxin contamination of maize for consumers' safety.</p><p><strong>Materials and method: </strong>In total, 752 post-harvest maize samples collected from silos over a 3-year period were analysed using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the occurrence of mycotoxins.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>The overall mean values for all the quantified mycotoxins were within the South Africa regulatory limit as well as the individual samples, apart from DON and FB mycotoxins with 5% and 1% samples, respectively, above the limit. Citrinin was quantified in South African commercial maize for the first time. The presence of major mycotoxins in South African commercial maize even within safety limits is of public health concern, hence, continuous monitoring and evaluation is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":73084,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in fungal biology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1426782"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11647527/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological evaluation of semi-synthetic isoindolinone isomers produced by <i>Stachybotrys chartarum</i>.","authors":"Alica Fischle, Ulrich Schreiber, Viola Haupt, Felix Schimang, Lina Schürmann, Matthias Behrens, Florian Hübner, Melanie Esselen, Dmitrii V Kalinin, Svetlana A Kalinina","doi":"10.3389/ffunb.2024.1494795","DOIUrl":"10.3389/ffunb.2024.1494795","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The filamentous fungus <i>Stachybotrys chartarum</i> is rich in meroterpenoid secondary metabolites, some of which carry <i>o</i>-dialdehyde moieties, which are readily derivatized to isoindolinones by addition of primary amines. The structural diversity of phenylspirodrimanes, in particular, is linked to a wide range of biological activities, making them ideal candidates for semi-synthetic modification. In this study, acetoxystachybotrydial acetate was reacted with l-tryptophan and tryptamine, resulting in the detection of both regiospecific isomeric structures - a rare and significant finding that enabled the examination of four novel reaction products. Besides their successful purification, a detailed report on their isomer-specific behavior with regard to chromatographic retention, UV-spectral specificities, nuclear magnetic resonances, and mass spectrometric fragmentation is given. Furthermore, a comprehensive insight into each compounds' unique effect within the tested biological assays is provided, which include cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, their biological activity against serine proteases of the blood coagulation cascade, and <i>in vitro</i> hepatic metabolism, always in comparison to the non-derivatized substance. Ultimately, each isomer can be distinguished already during the purification process, which extends to the biological assays where we present one less cytotoxic, faster metabolized, and more active regio-isomeric phenylspirodrimane-derivative.</p>","PeriodicalId":73084,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in fungal biology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1494795"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11621054/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142803680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}