Frontiers in dental medicine最新文献

{"title":"Transforming dental diagnostics with artificial intelligence: advanced integration of ChatGPT and large language models for patient care.","authors":"Masoumeh Farhadi Nia, Mohsen Ahmadi, Elyas Irankhah","doi":"10.3389/fdmed.2024.1456208","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fdmed.2024.1456208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial intelligence has dramatically reshaped our interaction with digital technologies, ushering in an era where advancements in AI algorithms and Large Language Models (LLMs) have natural language processing (NLP) systems like ChatGPT. This study delves into the impact of cutting-edge LLMs, notably OpenAI's ChatGPT, on medical diagnostics, with a keen focus on the dental sector. Leveraging publicly accessible datasets, these models augment the diagnostic capabilities of medical professionals, streamline communication between patients and healthcare providers, and enhance the efficiency of clinical procedures. The advent of ChatGPT-4 is poised to make substantial inroads into dental practices, especially in the realm of oral surgery. This paper sheds light on the current landscape and explores potential future research directions in the burgeoning field of LLMs, offering valuable insights for both practitioners and developers. Furthermore, it critically assesses the broad implications and challenges within various sectors, including academia and healthcare, thus mapping out an overview of AI's role in transforming dental diagnostics for enhanced patient care.</p>","PeriodicalId":73077,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dental medicine","volume":"5 ","pages":"1456208"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11797834/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143366933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Description of the root anatomy of the primary molars using high resolution computed microtomography (Micro-CT). An analysis of three-dimensional root canal system.","authors":"Benedetta Vidi, Ana María Gil-Valcarcel, Cristina Obispo-Diaz, Isabel Sanchez-Jorge, Jesús Mena-Álvarez, Juan Manuel Aragoneses-Lamas, Cristina Rico-Romano","doi":"10.3389/fdmed.2024.1522414","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fdmed.2024.1522414","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/purpose: </strong>This study aimed to describe the root canal morphology of primary molars using Micro-CT and analyse the three-dimensional images of the internal root canal system.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>One hundred and twenty extracted primary molars with one or more completed roots were scanned with Micro-CT. Three fixed heights of the roots were determined at axial level and the analysed criteria were: dentine thickness, diameter of roots canals, presence of lateral canals, isthmus and number of foramina. Vertucci's classification was also studied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Vertucci Type I was more prevalent in palatal and mesio-buccal root of superior molar and distal root of inferior molars. Type IV was more frequent in the mesial root. Dentine thickness was studied at three levels and for all the surfaces of the root canal. In the mesiobuccal root, in the middle and apical third, the mean in the upper molars is significantly higher than in the lower molars. The mesio-lingual canal has the major mean in mesio-distal and bucco-lingual diameter at coronal third. Isthmus were found mostly in the mesial root in all three levels. The high number of foramina and lateral canals were located at apical third of the mesial and mesio-buccal roots.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study showed the complexity and variability of the root canal morphology of primary molars. The Micro-CT images gave important information about the internal anatomy of the primary molars.</p>","PeriodicalId":73077,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dental medicine","volume":"5 ","pages":"1522414"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11797784/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143366866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanosystems for modulation of immune responses in periodontal therapy: a mini-review.","authors":"Anirudh B Acharya, Usha Hegde, Swetha Acharya","doi":"10.3389/fdmed.2024.1509775","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fdmed.2024.1509775","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Periodontitis is one of the most common oral diseases. It is generally treated by non-surgical and/or surgical therapy with adjunctive approaches for prevention and control. The current understanding of the pathogenesis of periodontitis has unraveled the importance of the inflammatory and immune reactions to combat periodontitis whose etiology is an overlap of microbial, genetic, and environmental factors in a susceptible host. Based on this premise, many therapeutic modalities have been investigated or attempted to resolve this inflammatory disease. Amongst these, nanomedicine has been shown to have therapeutic applications in periodontitis, especially focused on immunomodulation because periodontitis is characterized by over-reactive immune response. This mini-review explores the potential of nanosystems in treating periodontitis by providing an overview of the research efforts in this field of therapeutics. The unique physicochemical and targeting properties of nanosystems seem to be potentially effective platforms for treating periodontitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":73077,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dental medicine","volume":"5 ","pages":"1509775"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11797770/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143366723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced AI-assisted panoramic radiograph analysis for periodontal prognostication and alveolar bone loss detection.","authors":"Jarupat Jundaeng, Rapeeporn Chamchong, Choosak Nithikathkul","doi":"10.3389/fdmed.2024.1509361","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fdmed.2024.1509361","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the gingival tissues and supporting structures of the teeth, often leading to tooth loss. The condition begins with the accumulation of dental plaque, which initiates an immune response. Current radiographic methods for assessing alveolar bone loss are subjective, time-consuming, and labor-intensive. This study aims to develop an AI-driven model using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to accurately assess alveolar bone loss and provide individualized periodontal prognoses from panoramic radiographs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 2,000 panoramic radiographs were collected using the same device, based on the periodontal diagnosis codes from the HOSxP Program. Image enhancement techniques were applied, and an AI model based on YOLOv8 was developed to segment teeth, identify the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ), and assess alveolar bone levels. The model quantified bone loss and classified prognoses for each tooth.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The teeth segmentation model achieved 97% accuracy, 90% sensitivity, 96% specificity, and an F1 score of 0.80. The CEJ and bone level segmentation model showed superior results with 98% accuracy, 100% sensitivity, 98% specificity, and an F1 score of 0.90. These findings confirm the models' effectiveness in analyzing panoramic radiographs for periodontal bone loss detection and prognostication.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This AI model offers a state-of-the-art approach for assessing alveolar bone loss and predicting individualized periodontal prognoses. It provides a faster, more accurate, and less labor-intensive alternative to current methods, demonstrating its potential for improving periodontal diagnosis and patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":73077,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dental medicine","volume":"5 ","pages":"1509361"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11797906/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143365469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of volumetric analysis between conventional and rotary files in the preparation of root canals in primary molars-an <i>in vitro</i> study.","authors":"Satish Vishwanathaiah","doi":"10.3389/fdmed.2024.1489074","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fdmed.2024.1489074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To compare and evaluate the efficacy of canal preparation and volumetric filling of primary molars instrumented by conventional hand K-file, ProAF baby rotary file and Kedo-S square file using cone beam computed tomography.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Thirty freshly extracted human primary second molars were randomly divided into 3 groups of 10 teeth each. After access opening and working length determination, preoperative volume analysis was done using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The canals were then instrumented by either hand K-files, Pro AF Baby rotary files and Kedo-S square rotary files. Post operative volume analysis was performed using CBCT. All the canals were obturated using Metapex and scanned again using CBCT. Mean values of the pre- and post-operative canal volumes were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Inter- and intra- group volumetric changes were analyzed statistically by <i>post hoc</i> test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean difference in volume after canal preparation and obturation was the highest in the hand K-file group, followed by Pro AF Baby Gold group and the least in the Kedo-S square group. Inter and intra group comparison showed statistically significant differences for all the file groups used.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Kedo- S square showed the least difference in preparation volume and better obturating volume compared to Pro AF baby gold file systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":73077,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dental medicine","volume":"5 ","pages":"1489074"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11797926/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143366839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence in dentistry and dental biomaterials.","authors":"Dinesh Rokaya, Ahmad Al Jaghsi, Rohan Jagtap, Viritpon Srimaneepong","doi":"10.3389/fdmed.2024.1525505","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fdmed.2024.1525505","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial intelligence (AI) technology is being used in various fields and its use is increasingly expanding in dentistry. The key aspects of AI include machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and neural networks (NNs). The aim of this review is to present an overview of AI, its various aspects, and its application in biomedicine, dentistry, and dental biomaterials focusing on restorative dentistry and prosthodontics. AI-based systems can be a complementary tool in diagnosis and treatment planning, result prediction, and patient-centered care. AI software can be used to detect restorations, prosthetic crowns, periodontal bone loss, and root canal segmentation from the periapical radiographs. The integration of AI, digital imaging, and 3D printing can provide more precise, durable, and patient-oriented outcomes. AI can be also used for the automatic segmentation of panoramic radiographs showing normal anatomy of the oral and maxillofacial area. Recent advancement in AI in medical and dental sciences includes multimodal deep learning fusion, speech data detection, and neuromorphic computing. Hence, AI has helped dentists in diagnosis, planning, and aid in providing high-quality dental treatments in less time.</p>","PeriodicalId":73077,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dental medicine","volume":"5 ","pages":"1525505"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11797767/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143366717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Residual bone level as a prognostic factor in the surgical treatment of peri-implantitis.","authors":"Rodrigo Martin-Cabezas, Catherine Giannopoulou","doi":"10.3389/fdmed.2024.1532094","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fdmed.2024.1532094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peri-implantitis is a progressive inflammatory disease affecting the tissues surrounding dental implants and leading to bone loss. The severity of this disease is typically classified based on the depth of the bone defect or the percentage of bone loss around the implant. Marginal bone loss is a critical factor in the surgical management of peri-implantitis, as it can complicate access for implant decontamination and hinder efforts to stabilize the condition. In cases where bone loss exceeds 50% of the implant length, explantation is often recommended due to significantly reduced success rates after treatment. This narrative review seeks to examine the scientific evidence on marginal bone loss as a prognostic factor in the surgical treatment of peri-implantitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":73077,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dental medicine","volume":"5 ","pages":"1532094"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11797837/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143366886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening for diabetes and hypertension in adult dental patients: the experience in a Nigerian dental center.","authors":"Ukachi Chiwendu Nnawuihe, Emmauel Adetolu Adelusi, Afolake Shakirat Salami, Ezekiel Taiwo Adebayo, Lilian Ejije Ahaji","doi":"10.3389/fdmed.2024.1468375","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fdmed.2024.1468375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of the present study was to examine the presentation of hypertension and diabetes mellitus in dental patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Dental patients were screened for hypertension and elevated blood sugar using a sphygmomanometer and a glucometer, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 102 men and 129 women participated in the study. In total, 69 (29.9%) and 20 (8.7%) participants reported a history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, respectively. Adherence to taking hypertensive and diabetic medications as advised by a clinician was reported by 68.0% and 85.0% of patients with known hypertension and diabetes, respectively, of whom 29.8% had uncontrolled hypertension and 29.4% had high blood sugar in the diabetic range (>200 mg/dl). In patients with no history of these diseases, 42 (25.9%) had elevated blood pressure, while 5 (2.4%) had high blood sugar in the diabetic range. The prevalence of hypertension was 37.3% and high blood sugar in the diabetic range was 5.2% in the sample. Individuals with diabetes were 31 times more likely to have hypertension than those without diabetes (odds ratio = 31.06, 95% confidence interval 5.68-169.98, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Screening was helpful in the detection of undiagnosed cases and suboptimal control of both diseases in patients. Recommendations for dental practice guidelines include routine screening with mandatory screening for hypertension in patients with diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":73077,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dental medicine","volume":"5 ","pages":"1468375"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11797750/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143366892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MicroRNA-21-5p profile in the alveolar bone following tooth extraction in medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw rat model.","authors":"Manta Morakotsriwan, Theerapat Chanamuangkon, Anjalee Vacharaksa, Pirawish Limlawan","doi":"10.3389/fdmed.2024.1477274","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fdmed.2024.1477274","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to compare microRNA-21-5p expressions at the extraction wound in the maxillary bones of rats with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) and normal rats at different time points.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In total, 18 female, 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to the experimental group (<i>n</i> = 9) and the control group (<i>n</i> = 9). To establish MRONJ in the right maxillary first molar area in the experimental group, zoledronate (66 µg/kg) and dexamethasone (5 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally every other day for 2 weeks before tooth extraction. Normal saline was administered in the control group. After tooth extraction, the drugs were continuously administered until the experimental endpoints, namely 1, 14, and 28 days post-tooth extraction. At each endpoint, three rats from each group were euthanized. The maxilla bones at the wound area were harvested. A real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to compare the expression levels of miRNA-21-5p at each time point between the MRONJ group and the control group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From their gross appearance, the rats that received zoledronate and dexamethasone developed MRONJ as demonstrated by non-healing wounds and exposed bone at 14 and 28 days post-extraction in contrast to the controls. The RT-PCR showed that the expression levels of miRNA-21-5p were relatively higher in the MRONJ rats compared to the control rats at day 14 and then the difference was lower at day 28 post-tooth extraction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings indicated that the microRNA-21-5p expression levels varied during the socket healing process in the MRONJ rats, reaching a peak at 2 weeks after tooth extraction.</p>","PeriodicalId":73077,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dental medicine","volume":"5 ","pages":"1477274"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11797932/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143366709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In vitro</i> assessment of chemical surface treatments on the shear bond strength of metal orthodontic brackets to CAD/CAM provisional materials.","authors":"Abdulaziz A Alzaid, Khalid K Alanazi, Maha N Alharbi, Lulu A Alyahya, Hatem Alqarni, Mohammed Alsaloum, Hayam Alfallaj, Ghada S Alotaibi","doi":"10.3389/fdmed.2024.1494484","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fdmed.2024.1494484","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The growing demand for orthodontic treatment in patients irrespective of age highlights the need for effective bonding of brackets to provisional crowns (PCs).</p><p><strong>Aims and objectives: </strong>This study evaluates the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets to 3D-printed and milled PC materials, comparing the effects of hydrofluoric acid (HFA) and phosphoric acid (PA) etching.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Forty cylinders were fabricated using a 3D printer with hybrid resin, and forty were milled from cross-linked polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin. Stainless steel brackets were bonded with light-cured composite resin. Twenty specimens from each group were treated with 9.5% HFA, while the rest of the specimens received 37% PA. Post-bonding, specimens underwent thermocycling and were examined with SEM. SBS testing followed ISO/TS 11405-2015 guidelines. The failure patterns and bond interface were assessed by the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data was analyzed using ANOVA, Tukey's test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 3D-printed materials, HFA etching yielded a significantly higher bond strength (12.59 ± 2.64 MPa) than PA etching (7.77 ± 0.83 MPa). The bond strength was inferior in milled materials: HFA (5.98 ± 0.59 MPa) and PA (5.66 ± 0.65 MPa) with no significant difference between both surface treatments. When each material was evaluated separately, a significant difference in SBS was found for surface treatments in 3D-printed materials (<i>p</i> < 0.001) but not for milled materials (<i>p</i> = 0.916). ARI scores showed greater adhesive retention in 3D-printed specimens, particularly those treated with HFA. SEM revealed smoother surfaces in 3D-printed specimens compared to rougher surfaces in milled specimens.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HFA etching improves SBS in 3D-printed PC, while in milled materials, the choice of etching agent has minimal effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":73077,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dental medicine","volume":"5 ","pages":"1494484"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11797867/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143366864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}