Frontiers in dental medicine最新文献

{"title":"Fracture resistance of teeth restored with polyethylene fibers reinforced composite restorations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of <i>in vitro</i> studies.","authors":"Alejandra Alvarado-Orozco, Rim Bourgi, Laura Emma Rodríguez-Vilchis, Carlos Enrique Cuevas-Suárez, Rosalía Contreras-Bulnes, J Eliezer Zamarripa-Calderón, José Alejandro Rivera-Gonzaga","doi":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1733879","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1733879","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the fracture resistance of permanent teeth restored with polyethylene fiber-reinforced composite resin restoration.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The following PICOS framework used was: Population, permanent teeth requiring restorative treatment; Intervention, polyethylene fiber use; Control, composite resin restorations without fiber reinforcement, or conventional fiber posts; Outcome, fracture resistance (in Newtons); Study design, <i>in vitro</i> studies. A literature search was conducted independently by two reviewers up to May 18, 2025, using electronic databases (PubMed, ISI Web of Science, SciELO, Scopus, and Embase). <i>In vitro</i> studies examining the fracture resistance of permanent teeth restored with polyethylene fiber-reinforced resin composite restorations were included. Meta analyses were performed by comparing the standardized mean differences in the fracture resistance of teeth restored using polyethylene fibers and the teeth restored only with resin composite. Additional analysis was performed comparing the risk difference of the number of unfavorable fractures. Separate analyses were performed when fiber posts were used. A <i>p</i>-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The fracture resistance of polyethylene fiber-reinforced restorations was higher compared to non-fiber reinforced composite restorations (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Also, the number of unfavorable fractures were significant lower when polyethylene fibers were used (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings suggest that the fracture resistance of permanent teeth may be improved with the use of polyethylene fibers. However, clinical performance outcomes are necessary to validate these <i>in vitro</i> results.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>The protocol for the systematic review was developed a priori and can be accessed at: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/5K8XB.</p>","PeriodicalId":73077,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dental medicine","volume":"6 ","pages":"1733879"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12872847/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146144842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of housing retaining materials on fracture resistance of zirconia-reinforced implant overdentures: an <i>in vitro</i> study.","authors":"Shradha Bhutoria, Thilak Shetty, Shobha J Rodrigues, Umesh Y Pai, Sharon Saldanha, Mahesh M, Ann Sales, Sandipan Mukherjee, Vignesh Kamath, Prashant Bajantri","doi":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1692255","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1692255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the influence of zirconium oxide (ZrO₂) nanoparticle reinforcement and housing retaining material on the flexural performance of implant-supported overdenture acrylic resin bases.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Thirty-six standardized bar-shaped heat-cured polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) specimens were fabricated in accordance with ISO 20795-1 and divided into six groups (<i>n</i> = 6) based on ZrO₂ nanoparticle concentration (0%, 3%, and 7% by weight) and housing retaining material (autopolymerising PMMA or UfiGel Hard). Specimens were subjected to thermocycling to simulate oral aging and tested under three-point bending to determine flexural strength. Surface characteristics were qualitatively assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey's <i>post hoc</i> test (<i>α</i> = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ZrO₂ nanoparticle reinforcement significantly enhanced flexural strength across both retaining materials. Specimens containing 7 wt% ZrO₂ demonstrated approximately 75%-90% higher flexural strength compared with non-reinforced controls, depending on the retaining material employed. All reinforced groups exceeded the minimum flexural strength requirement of 65 MPa specified by ISO 20795-1 for denture base polymers. Autopolymerising PMMA consistently exhibited higher flexural strength than UfiGel Hard. SEM revealed differences in nanoparticle dispersion with increasing concentration, while AFM demonstrated increased surface roughness at higher ZrO₂ levels. These improvements suggest enhanced resistance to housing-related fracture, a common clinical complication in implant-supported overdentures.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Zirconium oxide nanoparticle reinforcement significantly enhanced the flexural strength of implant-supported overdenture acrylic resin bases, with superior performance observed when autopolymerising PMMA was used as the housing retaining material. These findings suggest a material-based approach to improving overdenture base fracture resistance; however, clinical extrapolation should be approached with caution, and further studies incorporating fatigue loading and long-term aging are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":73077,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dental medicine","volume":"6 ","pages":"1692255"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12872808/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146144871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Peri-implantitis management: exploring multifactorial etiology and novel treatment modalities.","authors":"Catherine Giannopoulou, Selena Toma, Jérôme Frédéric Lasserre","doi":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1754247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdmed.2025.1754247","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73077,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dental medicine","volume":"6 ","pages":"1754247"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12862055/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146114743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence synthesis of postoperative pain with bioceramic vs. epoxy resin sealers: umbrella review of randomized trials within existing systematic reviews.","authors":"Mrunali Dahikar, Ashish Mandwe, Kulvinder Singh Banga, Alexander Maniangat Luke, Suraj Arora, Unmesh Khanvilkar, Ajinkya M Pawar","doi":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1749298","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1749298","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The evidence on postoperative pain and clinical outcomes in patients receiving primary non-surgical root canal therapy with bioceramic vs. resin-based sealers was compiled in this comprehensive review from systematic reviews and meta-analyses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023461029). Systematic reviews included randomized or quasi-randomized trials of adult patients having treatment with either sealer type for postoperative pain, and used validated scales. Screening, data extraction, and quality assessment by A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR-2) were completed independently by two reviewers and review overlap was measured with the Corrected Covered Area (CCA). Where feasible, <i>de novo</i> random-effects meta-analyses were conducted to estimate standardized mean differences (SMD) in pain at 24 and 48 h. Heterogeneity was measured using the <i>I</i> ² statistic and certainty of evidence with GRADE.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven reviews (2020-2024) met eligibility, five with quantitative synthesis. Pooled analyses showed no significant differences in pain between sealer types within the first 6-48 h. Detected differences were small and clinically negligible. Both sealers showed similar analgesic use and flare-up rates. Methodological quality ranged from moderate to low; certainty of evidence for early pain was moderate and low for pain at >48 h due to study inconsistency and imprecision.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Bioceramic sealers offer only a minimal, clinically insignificant reduction in early postoperative pain compared to resin-based sealers. Both nevertheless remain suitable options for reducing patient discomfort. Future studies should standardize pain evaluation, include retreatment cases, and explain clinically significant findings.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42023461029, PROSPERO CRD42023461029.</p>","PeriodicalId":73077,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dental medicine","volume":"6 ","pages":"1749298"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12880009/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146144837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The tooth transformer® revolution: autologous dentin biomaterials and platelet concentrates in oral regeneration. A parallel narrative systematic review.","authors":"Gianna Dipalma, Grazia Marinelli, Laura Ferrante, Irma Trilli, Sharon Di Serio, Paola Bassi, Francesco Inchingolo, Andrea Palermo, Angelo Michele Inchingolo, Alessio Danilo Inchingolo","doi":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1750541","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1750541","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Bone regeneration in oral and maxillofacial surgery remains a clinical challenge, particularly in cases of severe alveolar atrophy or large post-pathological bone defects. Autologous biomaterials including dentin grafts processed with the Tooth Transformer® device and platelet concentrates such as Concentrated Growth Factors (CGF), PRF, i-PRF, and TPRF-have gained attention due to their biocompatibility and regenerative potential. However, no direct head-to-head clinical studies comparing these autologous approaches are currently available.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This review was conducted according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Literature searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science for clinical studies published in English between January 2010 and December 2025. Eligible designs included randomized trials, prospective/retrospective studies, and case series with ≥5 patients. Owing to the paucity of CGF-only studies, the comparison was broadened to include platelet concentrates (CGF/PRF/L-PRF/i-PRF/TPRF). Outcomes included bone volume gain, radiographic density, histologic new bone formation, healing time, implant survival, and postoperative complications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The search yielded 1,004 records; 10 studies met the inclusion criteria. Autologous dentin grafts demonstrated favorable volumetric stability and bone density compatible with mature bone, while platelet concentrates consistently improved early healing, angiogenesis, and trabecular organization-particularly in contained defects. Substantial methodological heterogeneity and the absence of direct comparative trials precluded quantitative synthesis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Autologous dentin grafts and platelet concentrates appear to play complementary roles: the former provides a structural scaffold for three-dimensional augmentation, whereas the latter enhances biological healing and tissue maturation. Combined protocols show promise but require validation through well-designed, multicenter randomized controlled trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":73077,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dental medicine","volume":"6 ","pages":"1750541"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12855495/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146108610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gingival crevicular fluid as a functionalized point of care for the early detection of dementia or the asymptomatic phase of neurodegeneration.","authors":"Ylenia Leanza, Antonio Belmonte, Alessandro Polizzi, Daniela Galimberti, Gianluca Martino Tartaglia, Gaetano Isola","doi":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1738635","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1738635","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Growing evidence links chronic systemic inflammation, particularly from periodontitis, to neurodegenerative processes, which have been reported to share common pathways. Early detection of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease is crucial, given that underlying neuropathological processes evolve silently for decades before diagnosis. The gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), a serum-derived exudate from the gingival sulcus, mirrors both local periodontal inflammation and systemic conditions. Its molecular composition-rich in cytokines, enzymes, oxidative stress markers, and microbial metabolites-makes it a potential source of biomarkers reflecting neuroinflammatory pathways. This review discusses the biological rationale and emerging evidence supporting the use of GCF as a functionalized biofluid for early detection of dementia or asymptomatic neurodegeneration. By integrating advances in biosensing and lab-on-a-chip technologies, GCF analysis could become a minimally invasive, point-of-care approach to identify individuals at risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Exploring this oral-brain connection may open new perspectives in preventive medicine and personalized diagnostics.</p>","PeriodicalId":73077,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dental medicine","volume":"6 ","pages":"1738635"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12852359/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146108606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the effectiveness of teledentistry on diagnostic accuracy and treatment planning among Jordanian dentists.","authors":"Sabha Mahmoud Alshatrat, Majd Alsaleh, Jumana M Sabarini, Tamadur Mahmoud Falah, Yousef Saleh Khader, Alaa Fawwaz Dalky, Bayan Mahasneh, Abedelmalek Kalefh Tabnjh","doi":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1705072","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1705072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess the diagnostic accuracy and treatment planning agreement among Jordanian dentists when using teledentistry.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty children underwent dental examinations. Standardized intraoral photographs and brief case histories from pediatric patients were compiled into clinical case scenarios. Eight representative cases were selected and presented in a Google Forms survey to licensed dentists in Jordan. Participants reviewed the cases, providing clinical diagnoses and proposing treatment plans. Responses were analyzed to determine diagnostic accuracy and agreement on treatment planning.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Diagnostic agreement was highest for cases with distinct clinical presentations. Case #5 (early childhood caries) showed the highest agreement at 92.1%, followed by Case #3 (avulsion; 91.1%) and Case #6 (ectopic eruption; 85.1%). Treatment planning agreement followed a similar pattern. The highest concordance was reported for Case #4 (molar-incisor hypomineralization; 64.4%) and Case #7(Functional class III/anterior crossbite 59.4%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Teledentistry enables high diagnostic accuracy among Jordanian dentists, especially in pediatric cases with well-defined presentations. However, the observed variability in treatment planning highlights the need for standardized clinical guidelines and targeted professional development to optimize teledentistry's integration into routine dental care.</p>","PeriodicalId":73077,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dental medicine","volume":"6 ","pages":"1705072"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12852331/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146108595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the effectiveness of local anesthesia approaches for symptomatic irreversible pulpitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Xu Li, Xin Chen, Qian Wang, Yuqing Gui, Fengqing Huang, Dinghao Zhong, Lijun Xiong, Mengyan Xiao, Zining Luo, Junxian Gu, Xinyu Xu, Jiebin Xie","doi":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1679706","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1679706","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This meta-analysis assessed the efficacy of various anesthetic protocols for symptomatic irreversible pulpitis, comparing techniques and agents to identify the optimal anesthesia approach.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a comprehensive search of the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase databases up to July 10, 2025, identifying relevant studies based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The primary outcome was the success rate of anesthesia. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed using a pre-designed form and the revised Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. A fixed-effect model was used for meta-analysis when heterogeneity was low (<i>I</i> ² ≤ 50%, <i>p</i> ≥ 0.1); otherwise, a random-effects model was adopted. Additionally, another model was employed for validation, and the results from both models were compared to derive more reasonable conclusions. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and the Egger test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourteen RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled analysis showed that modified anesthetic protocols for SIP were 3.62 times more successful than conventional inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) using standard 2% lidocaine with epinephrine (OR = 3.34; 95% CI: 2.49-4.48). Studies conducted in Iran had the highest success rate (OR = 4.31; 95% CI: 3.59-5.17, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) was more effective than buccal infiltration (OR = 4.03; 95% CI: 3.38-4.81, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and 4% articaine demonstrated the highest efficacy (OR = 4.18; 95% CI: 2.85-6.16, <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This meta-analysis assessed the efficacy of various anesthetic protocols for SIP, comparing techniques and agents to identify the optimal anesthesia approach.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/recorddashboard, PROSPERO database CRD42025638427.</p>","PeriodicalId":73077,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dental medicine","volume":"6 ","pages":"1679706"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12847389/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146088138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> level in high caries risk infants.","authors":"Bella Weijia Luo, Ka Fung Yu, Pei Liu, Hai Ming Wong, Edward Chin Man Lo, May Chun Mei Wong, Gillian Hiu Man Lee","doi":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1716923","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1716923","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The objective of this study was to assess the level of <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> in the saliva and plaque of infants with a high caries risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A self-administered parental questionnaire was used to identify one-year-old infants with high caries risk and to collect demographic information, the parents' and infants' oral health related behaviors. Saliva and plaque samples were collected from the participating infants. The real-time polymerase chain reaction assays were used to detect the quantity of MS in infants' saliva and plaque. A clinical examination was conducted to record the caries experience and oral hygiene level of infants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>579 high caries risk infants were recruited. The mean MS count in saliva and plaque was 0.08 ± 0.48 (×10⁷) CFU/mL and 5.72 ± 91.93 (×10⁷) CFU, respectively. Only a few infants had high MS% (>0.03%) in total bacterial count in plaque (4.8%) or saliva (7.3%). The MS level in plaque was found to have a significantly positive association with the prevalence of infants with a white spot or cavitated lesion (<i>P</i> = 0.039), but not for the MS level in saliva. Infants from families with 2 or more children (<i>P</i> = 0.029) and those who had been fed 7 times or more per day (<i>P</i> = 0.020) had a higher likelihood of having a high MS level (MS% > 0.03%) in dental plaque.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MS level in plaque and saliva was generally low among infants. The MS level in plaque showed a clearer association with the onset of dental caries than the salivary MS level in young children.</p>","PeriodicalId":73077,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dental medicine","volume":"6 ","pages":"1716923"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12833065/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146069182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of a novel composite bone substitute synthesized from eggshell-derived hydroxyapatite and fish collagen in bone regeneration of critical-sized calvarial defects in Wistar rats.","authors":"Sruthy Prathap, K S Rajesh, Nebu George Thomas, P K Binsi, Suprith Surya, M S Prathap, Ranajit Das","doi":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1731880","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1731880","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Large bone deformities pose significant challenges in regenerative periodontal surgeries. A healthy underlying bone and the osteoinductive effect of the surrounding environment are the primary factors that influence bone regeneration. Collagen and hydroxyapatite are universally used bone substitutes owing to their excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. Innovations in the osteoinductive properties of hydroxyapatite and its use in different modified forms, combining it with other materials, may result in enhanced biomechanical properties. This research utilized domestic chicken eggshells to synthesize hydroxyapatite and fish scales to extract collagen. The novel composite graft was prepared by integrating both materials. The beneficial effects of the composite graft on the healing and regeneration of bone were assessed in the calvarial bone of Wistar rats both radiographically and histomorphometrically.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Hydroxyapatite was synthesized from domestic chicken eggshells using the chemical precipitation method. Collagen was extracted from the scales of Rohu fish. The novel composite material was prepared by direct mixing and lyophilization, with further mixing with glycerol to attain an appropriate consistency. After preliminary characterization, bone regeneration was assessed in surgically created critical bone defects in rats. Radiographic bone fill was assessed using cone beam computed tomography, which was followed by histomorphometry. The bone regenerative capacities of the two novel materials were compared with empty control sites and a commercially available standard bone graft (Bio-Oss).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The novel materials displayed significantly superior regenerative capacity both radiographically and histomorphometrically when compared to empty controls, but the regenerative ability was lower when compared to the standard bone graft material (Bio-Oss) over 90 days. A trend of increased new bone formation and significantly higher radiodensity was observed in the sites treated with the composite graft compared to the empty control (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) and eggshell-derived hydroxyapatite groups (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Moreover, Bio-Oss exhibited a marginal improvement in radiodensity compared to the composite graft (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The composite graft demonstrated improved bone regeneration and radiodensity in the surgically created critical-sized defects. Hence, it can be considered a promising material for the regeneration of periodontal and peri-implant defects. Further laboratory and clinical studies may be required to confirm its osteoinductive properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":73077,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dental medicine","volume":"6 ","pages":"1731880"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12833466/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146069194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}