{"title":"The Classification of Hematopoietic Neoplasms: The Why, How, and Who? (Part l).","authors":"Daniel A Arber, James R Cook","doi":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000489","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000489","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7305,"journal":{"name":"Advances In Anatomic Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"193-194"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143456466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modern Approach to Nodal T-Cell Lymphomas.","authors":"Sarah L Ondrejka, Laurence de Leval","doi":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PAP.0000000000000492","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent decades, there have been many meaningful contributions to the pathology literature with respect to T-cell lymphoma pathogenesis and biology and improved diagnostics. We know more about disease classification, clinical characteristics, immunophenotype, and genetics than ever before, and yet diagnosis of nodal T-cell lymphomas continues to be a challenging exercise. Complicating interpretation are the many non-neoplastic mimickers of peripheral T-cell lymphoma including drug effects, viruses, autoimmune, and idiopathic conditions, that must be considered when faced with an abnormal lymph node biopsy. The number of immunohistochemical stains required to make a diagnosis of T-cell lymphoma is not standardized and may be exhaustive, requiring judicious use of tissue sections. Clonality studies may contribute to the diagnosis, though questions remain about test modality, when to exercise interpretive caution, and what to do if a clone cannot be demonstrated. Use of next generation sequencing in the diagnosis of nodal T-cell lymphomas is increasing, but how the data can be practically applied to diagnosis is still under examination. The goal of this paper is to consider nodal T-cell lymphoma diagnosis and classification in a modern context, using a question-and-answer format to capture the interest of the reader and address common pathology consultation queries.</p>","PeriodicalId":7305,"journal":{"name":"Advances In Anatomic Pathology","volume":"32 3","pages":"220-238"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974631/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143952054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multimodal Generative AI for Anatomic Pathology-A Review of Current Applications to Envisage the Future Direction.","authors":"Ehsan Ullah, Mirza Mansoor Baig, Asim Waqas, Ghulam Rasool, Rajendra Singh, Ashwinikumar Shandilya, Hamid GholamHossieni, Anil V Parwani","doi":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PAP.0000000000000498","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review focuses on the purported applications of multimodal Gen-AI models for anatomic pathology image analysis and interpretation to predict future directions. A scoping review was conducted to explore the applications of multimodal Gen-AI models in advancing histopathology image analysis. A comprehensive search was conducted using electronic databases for relevant articles published within the past year (July 1, 2023 to June 30, 2024). The selected articles were critically analyzed to identify and summarize the applications of multimodal Gen-AI in anatomic pathology image analysis. Multimodal Gen AI models reported in the literature claim moderate to high accuracy on tasks including image classification, segmentation, and text-to-image retrieval. This review demonstrates the potential of multimodal Gen AI models for useful applications in pathology, including assisting with diagnoses, generating data for education and research, and detection of molecular features from anatomic pathology images. These models use data from a few academic institutions thus they require validation on diverse real-world data. There is an urgent need to build consensus models for optimal model performance through multicenter collaboration using a federated learning approach and the use of carefully curated synthetic anatomic pathology data. These models also need to achieve reliability, generalizability and meet the standards required for clinical use. Despite the rigorous need for evaluation and the need to address genuine concerns, multimodal GenAI models present a promising perspective for the advancement and scalability of anatomic pathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":7305,"journal":{"name":"Advances In Anatomic Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143958072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hemangioblastoma-like Clear Cell Stromal Tumor of the Lung: A Comprehensive Review With Insights From a Case.","authors":"Jian Zeng, Peng Lushan, Qin Jing, Wei Du","doi":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PAP.0000000000000482","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hemangioblastoma-like clear cell stromal tumor (HLCCST) of the lung is an exceptionally rare mesenchymal neoplasm that is generally considered benign. Current knowledge of this tumor remains limited. Histologically, HLCCST is defined by a hypervascular stroma with dilated blood vessels and is predominantly composed of epithelial-like cells arranged in solid sheets or nests with uniform morphology. Molecular genetic studies have identified YAP1::TFE3 gene fusions as a hallmark in most reported cases. To date, in addition to our case, a total of 19 HLCCST cases have been reported across 7 publications. Here, we present a comprehensive review of HLCCST, detailing its clinicopathologic features, key molecular alterations, and prognostic data of HLCCST. In addition, we emphasize the importance of accurate recognition and diagnosis of this rare tumor to ensure appropriate treatment and improved patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7305,"journal":{"name":"Advances In Anatomic Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143794409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bone Matrix-forming Tumors.","authors":"Julio A Diaz-Perez, Andrew E Rosenberg","doi":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000476","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000476","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bone matrix-forming tumors are a group of neoplasms that exhibit differentiation toward any stage of osteoblast development. Their clinicopathologic features can resemble one another, yet their clinical management may vary significantly. Therefore, appropriate treatment requires accurate diagnosis, which can be challenging, especially with limited biopsy specimens. Recently, the driver genetic alterations underlying these neoplasms have been discovered, and their protein products can be targeted for diagnosis and therapy. Herein, we summarize the recent advances in our understanding of bone matrix-forming tumors and emphasize the integration of molecular genetics into their conventional clinicopathologic evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7305,"journal":{"name":"Advances In Anatomic Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"168-179"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142724688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cartilage Forming Tumors of the Skeleton.","authors":"Julio A Diaz-Perez, Andrew E Rosenberg","doi":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000475","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000475","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cartilage-forming tumors are a broad and diverse group of neoplasms frequently affecting the skeleton. Distinguishing between the members of this group is important because of significant differences in treatment and prognosis. Accurate diagnosis can be challenging because of similarities in their clinical, radiographic, and pathologic features. Immunohistochemistry and molecular tools are helpful in select instances. Therefore, careful evaluation and correlation of these features are essential in arriving at the correct diagnosis and appropriate patient management. This review provides an overview of the current literature, emphasizing helpful features in diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7305,"journal":{"name":"Advances In Anatomic Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"132-146"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142714824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mesenchymal Tumors of the Tubular Gastrointestinal Tract (Non-GIST): The GI Pathologist's Approach.","authors":"Bence P Kővári, Gregory Y Lauwers","doi":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000469","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000469","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract are rare compared with epithelial lesions. However, over the past few decades, the increasing volume of gastrointestinal endoscopy has expedited the recognition of several novel entities with varying clinical significance. Its spectrum extends from reactive changes and benign neoplasms to highly aggressive sarcomas. At the malignant end of the spectrum, the importance of correctly diagnosing these tumors is underscored by the specific therapeutic implications available for some tumor types (eg, tyrosine kinase inhibitors for gastrointestinal stromal tumors) that allow personalized treatments. Benign lesions frequently surface among routine polypectomy specimens, sometimes offering diagnostic challenges. However, precise classification is the only way to avoid prognostic uncertainty and overtreatment, and to recognize possible syndromic associations. Hereby, we offer a pragmatic review of the topic from the gastrointestinal pathologist's perspective, who, although more accustomed to epithelial neoplasms, can use an algorithmic approach to diagnose mesenchymal entities successfully.</p>","PeriodicalId":7305,"journal":{"name":"Advances In Anatomic Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"110-131"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142714829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Giant Cell-Rich Tumors of the Skeleton.","authors":"Julio A Diaz-Perez, Andrew E Rosenberg","doi":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000477","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000477","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The accurate diagnosis of giant cell-rich tumors of bone is challenging, especially in limited tissue samples. This diverse group of neoplasms have similar and often ambiguous clinical presentations, radiologic features, and morphologic characteristics. During the last decade, the discovery of pathogenic recurrent genetic alterations has allowed the development of immunohistochemical surrogate markers and FISH assays that can help differentiate the entities of this broad group from one another. The correct diagnosis of these neoplasms is essential in the management of the affected patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":7305,"journal":{"name":"Advances In Anatomic Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"157-167"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142724701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mesenchymal Tumors of the Human Body: A Targeted Practical Review (Part II).","authors":"Andrew Rosenberg, Andre Pinto","doi":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PAP.0000000000000490","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7305,"journal":{"name":"Advances In Anatomic Pathology","volume":"32 2","pages":"109"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143447723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lipomatous Neoplasms of Soft Tissue: A Contemporary Review.","authors":"Kshitij Arora, Andrew E Rosenberg","doi":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000468","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000468","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review summarizes the clinicopathologic features of various lipomatous tumors of soft tissue and addresses some recent conceptual issues relating to adipocytic neoplasms, such as atypical spindle cell/pleomorphic lipomatous tumor and myxoid pleomorphic liposarcoma, and provides an update on the molecular aspects of these tumors. Recent advances in cytogenetic characterization and classification of lipomatous tumors are reviewed, and the genetic importance of distinct chromosomal aberrations are briefly discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":7305,"journal":{"name":"Advances In Anatomic Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"147-156"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142455706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}