Advances In Anatomic Pathology最新文献_第4页

Novel and Emerging Concepts in Genitourinary Tumors Empowered in the Multidisciplinary and Molecular Era. 多学科和分子时代赋予泌尿生殖系统肿瘤的新概念。

IF 6.7 2区医学

Advances In Anatomic Pathology Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.1097/PAP.0000000000000442

Gladell P Paner

引用次数: 0

Evolution of Testicular Germ Cell Tumors in the Molecular Era With Histogenetic Implications. 睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤在分子时代的演变及其组织遗传学意义。

IF 6.7 2区医学

Advances In Anatomic Pathology Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-25 DOI: 10.1097/PAP.0000000000000438

Irem Kilic, Andres M Acosta, Muhammad T Idrees

{"title":"Evolution of Testicular Germ Cell Tumors in the Molecular Era With Histogenetic Implications.","authors":"Irem Kilic, Andres M Acosta, Muhammad T Idrees","doi":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000438","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000438","url":null,"abstract":"The current WHO classification of testicular germ cell tumors is based on the pathogenesis of the tumors driven by different genomic events. The germ cell neoplasia in situ is the precursor lesion for all malignant germ cell tumors. The current understanding of pathogenesis is that the developmental and environmental factors with the erasure of parental genomic imprinting lead to the development of abnormal gonocytes that settle in the \"spermatogonial Niche\" in seminiferous tubules. The abnormal primordial germ cells in the seminiferous tubules give rise to pre-GCNIS cells under the influence of TPSY and OCT4 genes. The whole genome duplication events give rise to germ cell neoplasia in situ, which further acquires alterations in 12p along with NRAS and KRAS mutations to produce seminoma. A subset of seminomas acquires KIT mutation and does not differentiate further. The remaining KIT-stable seminomas differentiate to nonseminomatous GCTs after obtaining recurrent chromosomal losses, epigenetic modification, and posttranscriptional regulation by multiple genes. Nonseminomatous germ cell tumors also develop directly from differentiated germ cell neoplasia in situ. TP53 pathway with downstream drivers may give rise to somatic-type malignancies of GCT. The GCTs are remarkably sensitive to cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy; however, resistance to cisplatin develops in up to 8% of tumors and appears to be driven by TP53/MDM2 gene mutations. Serum and Plasma miRNAs show promise in diagnosing, managing, and following up on these tumors. The mechanisms underlying the development of most tumors have been elucidated; however, additional studies are required to pinpoint the events directing specific characteristics. Advances in identifying specific molecular markers have been seen recently and may be adopted as gold standards in the future.","PeriodicalId":7305,"journal":{"name":"Advances In Anatomic Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140206104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Contemporary Diagnostic Reporting for Prostatic Adenocarcinoma: Morphologic Aspects, Molecular Correlates, and Management Perspectives. 前列腺腺癌的当代诊断报告：形态学方面、分子相关性和管理视角。

IF 6.7 2区医学

Advances In Anatomic Pathology Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-25 DOI: 10.1097/PAP.0000000000000444

Selvaraj Muthusamy, Steven Christopher Smith

{"title":"Contemporary Diagnostic Reporting for Prostatic Adenocarcinoma: Morphologic Aspects, Molecular Correlates, and Management Perspectives.","authors":"Selvaraj Muthusamy, Steven Christopher Smith","doi":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000444","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000444","url":null,"abstract":"The diagnosis and reporting of prostatic adenocarcinoma have evolved from the classic framework promulgated by Dr Donald Gleason in the 1960s into a complex and nuanced system of grading and reporting that nonetheless retains the essence of his remarkable observations. The criteria for the \"Gleason patterns\" originally proposed have been continually refined by consensuses in the field, and Gleason scores have been stratified into a patient-friendly set of prognostically validated and widely adopted Grade Groups. One product of this successful grading approach has been the opportunity for pathologists to report diagnoses that signal carefully personalized management, placing the surgical pathologist's interpretation at the center of patient care. At one end of the continuum of disease aggressiveness, personalized diagnostic care means to sub-stratify patients with more indolent disease for active surveillance, while at the other end of the continuum, reporting histologic markers signaling aggression allows sub-stratification of clinically significant disease. Whether contemporary reporting parameters represent deeper nuances of more established ones (eg, new criteria and/or quantitation of Gleason patterns 4 and 5) or represent additional features reported alongside grade (intraductal carcinoma, cribriform patterns of carcinoma), assessment and grading have become more complex and demanding. Herein, we explore these newer reporting parameters, highlighting the state of knowledge regarding morphologic, molecular, and management aspects. Emphasis is made on the increasing value and stakes of histopathologists' interpretations and reporting into current clinical risk stratification and treatment guidelines.","PeriodicalId":7305,"journal":{"name":"Advances In Anatomic Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140206102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cystic Features in Renal Epithelial Neoplasms and Their Increasing Clinical and Pathologic Significance. 肾上皮肿瘤的囊性特征及其日益重要的临床和病理意义。

IF 6.7 2区医学

Advances In Anatomic Pathology Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-25 DOI: 10.1097/PAP.0000000000000443

Maria Tretiakova, Jung Woo Kwon, Gladell P Paner

{"title":"Cystic Features in Renal Epithelial Neoplasms and Their Increasing Clinical and Pathologic Significance.","authors":"Maria Tretiakova, Jung Woo Kwon, Gladell P Paner","doi":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000443","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000443","url":null,"abstract":"Most cystic renal tumors after resection (Boniak IIF to IV cysts) have an indolent course despite the significantly higher proportion of malignant [ie, renal cell carcinoma (RCC)] diagnosis. Most cystic renal tumors have clear cell histology that include cystic clear cell RCC and multilocular cystic renal neoplasm of low malignant potential (MCNLMP). There is growing evidence to suggest that MCNLMP, cystic clear cell RCC, and noncystic clear cell RCC form a cystic-to-solid biological spectrum with MCNLMP representing the most indolent form and with cystic clear cell RCC behaving better than noncystic (solid) clear cell RCC. Extensively (>75%) cystic clear cell RCC also has an excellent outcome similar to MCNLMP stressing the need to reevaluate the histologic criteria that separate these 2 cystic clear cell tumors. Other tumors with clear cells that can be extensively cystic such as the recently reclassified noncancerous clear cell papillary renal tumor and the newly described MED15::TFE3 RCC also have indolent course and may mimic MCNLMP. Cystic features occur also in renal tumors with nonclear cell histology including tumors capable of metastasis such as acquired cystic disease-associated, tubulocystic, fumarate hydratase-deficient, and eosinophilic solid and cystic RCCs. Cystic imaging presentation of some renal tumors such as papillary RCC can be attributed in part to pseudocystic necrosis and hemorrhage. It is important to know that tubulocystic RCC may have a lower Bosniak class presentation that overlaps with benign renal cysts (Bosniak I to IIF) that are managed conservatively. This review highlights the cystic renal tumors with clear cell and nonclear cell morphologies including some novel RCC subtypes that may have cystic features. The presence of cystic features and their extent may aid in the classification and prognostication of renal neoplasms underscoring its increasing importance in the pathologic diagnosis and reporting of renal neoplasia.","PeriodicalId":7305,"journal":{"name":"Advances In Anatomic Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140206103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

NKX3.1 Expression in Non-Prostatic Tumors and Characterizing its Expression in Esophageal/Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma. NKX3.1 在非前列腺肿瘤中的表达及其在食管/胃食管腺癌中的表达特征

IF 6.7 2区医学

Advances In Anatomic Pathology Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-25 DOI: 10.1097/PAP.0000000000000447

Ansa Mehreen, Kiran G Manjee, Divyangi Paralkar, Gladell P Paner, Thanh Lan

{"title":"NKX3.1 Expression in Non-Prostatic Tumors and Characterizing its Expression in Esophageal/Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma.","authors":"Ansa Mehreen, Kiran G Manjee, Divyangi Paralkar, Gladell P Paner, Thanh Lan","doi":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000447","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000447","url":null,"abstract":"The NKX3.1 immunohistochemical stain is widely recognized as a highly sensitive and specific marker for prostate adenocarcinoma. Nevertheless, its expression has been documented in various nonprostatic tissues and malignancies. This review aims to provide an overview of NKX3.1 expression in diverse tumor types, with a specific focus on its aberrant expression in esophageal/gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (E/GE-ADC). In our investigation, we explored the expression of NKX3.1 in a series of E/GE-ADC to shed light on its prevalence in this tumor category. A total of 50 samples, comprising primary and metastatic E/GE-ADC specimens from 34 patients, were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis. Stained sections were scored based on the intensity and distribution-categorized as negative, weak, moderate, or strong in either a focal or diffuse pattern. Strong staining corresponds to the intensity observed in normal prostate controls, while focal and diffuse staining denote <50% and ≥50% of tumor nuclei staining positive, respectively. Our semiquantitative scoring revealed that 6 (12%) of the primary and metastatic E/GE-ADC specimens exhibited variable positivity for NKX3.1. This finding suggests that E/GE-ADC can sporadically stain positive for NKX3.1, introducing potential challenges in definitively determining the primary site of origin in certain clinical scenarios. Along with a literature review of NKX3.1 expression in other tumor types, our study provides additional important information about the extent to which this immunostain can be seen in E/GE-ADCs, which, to our knowledge, has not been reported.","PeriodicalId":7305,"journal":{"name":"Advances In Anatomic Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140206105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma: Evolving Classification by Combined Morphologic and Molecular Means. 乳头状肾细胞癌：通过联合形态学和分子手段不断发展的分类。

IF 6.7 2区医学

Advances In Anatomic Pathology Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1097/PAP.0000000000000434

Christopher G Przybycin

引用次数: 0

The Grading System for Lung Adenocarcinoma: Brief Review of its Prognostic Performance and Future Directions. 肺腺癌分级系统：预后效果简评与未来发展方向》（The Grading System for Lung Adenocarcinoma: Brief Review of its Prognostic Performance and Future Directions.

IF 6.7 2区医学

Advances In Anatomic Pathology Pub Date : 2024-04-26 DOI: 10.1097/PAP.0000000000000452

Jose G Mantilla, Andre L Moreira

{"title":"The Grading System for Lung Adenocarcinoma: Brief Review of its Prognostic Performance and Future Directions.","authors":"Jose G Mantilla, Andre L Moreira","doi":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PAP.0000000000000452","url":null,"abstract":"Histologic grading of tumors is associated with prognosis in many organs. In the lung, the most recent grading system proposed by International association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) and adopted by the World Health Organization (WHO) incorporates the predominant histologic pattern, as well as the presence of high-grade architectural patterns (solid, micropapillary, and complex glandular pattern) in proportions >20% of the tumor surface. This system has shown improved prognostic ability when compared with the prior grading system based on the predominant pattern alone, across different patient populations. Interobserver agreement is moderate to excellent, depending on the study. IASLC/WHO grading system has been shown to correlate with molecular alterations and PD-L1 expression in tumor cells. Recent studies interrogating gene expression has shown correlation with tumor grade and molecular alterations in the tumor microenvironment that can further stratify risk of recurrence. The use of machine learning algorithms to grade nonmucinous adenocarcinoma under this system has shown accuracy comparable to that of expert pulmonary pathologists. Future directions include evaluation of tumor grade in the context of adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapies, as well as the development of better prognostic indicators for mucinous adenocarcinoma.","PeriodicalId":7305,"journal":{"name":"Advances In Anatomic Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140652499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Immunohistochemistry of Lung Cancer Biomarkers. 肺癌生物标志物的免疫组化。

IF 6.7 2区医学

Advances In Anatomic Pathology Pub Date : 2024-04-26 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000450

Mary Beth Beasley

{"title":"Immunohistochemistry of Lung Cancer Biomarkers.","authors":"Mary Beth Beasley","doi":"10.1097/pap.0000000000000450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/pap.0000000000000450","url":null,"abstract":"Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining represents a comparatively inexpensive testing method that is attractive as a potential alternative to molecular sequencing methods or fluorescence in situ hybridization for pulmonary biomarker testing. While a variety of IHC tests directed at actionable genetic alterations have been developed and evaluated since the advent of targeted therapy, specific antibody clones for anaplastic lymphoma kinase, ROS-1, and potentially neurotrophic tropmyosin receptor kinase have been the primary antibodies that provide sufficiently robust results to be utilized as either a primary testing or screening method to direct targeted therapy. Antibodies for a variety of other targets such as epidermal growth factor receptors, for example, have lacked sufficient sensitivity and specificity to cover the range of mutations that may occur and are generally not recommended in lieu of molecular testing with the exception of limited resource settings. IHC is also used as a predictive marker for response to immunotherapy through evaluation of programmed death ligand 1 expression. In addition, multiple antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are under investigation, designed to deliver drugs directly to tumor cells through binding to specific target antigens. Some ADCs have already received accelerated FDA approval, and IHC was incorporated in many clinical trials evaluating ADC efficacy. As such, it is anticipated that ADCs may have a companion diagnostic IHC to guide patient selection.","PeriodicalId":7305,"journal":{"name":"Advances In Anatomic Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140799186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Uterine Smooth Muscle Tumors: An Overview. 子宫平滑肌瘤：概述。

IF 6.7 2区医学

Advances In Anatomic Pathology Pub Date : 2024-04-19 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000446

Andre Pinto

引用次数: 0

Gastric Leiomyosarcoma in Post-Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Era: Revisit. 后胃肠道间质瘤时代的胃雷肌肉瘤：重温。

IF 6.7 2区医学

Advances In Anatomic Pathology Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000445

Tengfei Wang, Bing Leng

{"title":"Gastric Leiomyosarcoma in Post-Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Era: Revisit.","authors":"Tengfei Wang, Bing Leng","doi":"10.1097/pap.0000000000000445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/pap.0000000000000445","url":null,"abstract":"Primary gastric leiomyosarcoma is an exceptionally rare disease. This review covers 41 post-gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) era gastric leiomyosarcoma cases that are supported by immunohistochemistry markers. Other spindle cell lesions are also excluded through histological and immunohistochemistry evaluations. The patients range from 3 to 82 years old, with an average age of 54.6 years. The male-to-female ratio is 1.4:1, from diverse geographic areas. Patients may experience abdominal symptoms, and tumor sizes vary between 1 cm and 22 cm. Morphologically, tumors originate from the muscularis propria or the muscularis mucosae, well-circumscribed with spindle cells arranged in fascicule. Tumoral cells exhibit positivity for smooth muscle markers while being negative for GIST markers and others. The mitotic index ranges from 2 to 500/50 high power field. Ki-67 index varies from 15% to 70%. Management typically involves gastrectomy and other appropriate treatments, with tumor recurrence being uncommon. 56% of patients are alive, with 5 patients dying from this disease. Statistical analyses conducted on post-GIST era cases reveal that a mitotic index of ≥100/50 high power field, tumor recurrence, metastasis, or positive lymph nodes significantly correlate with prognosis.","PeriodicalId":7305,"journal":{"name":"Advances In Anatomic Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140612125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0