Advances In Anatomic Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Pixelomics: The Omics-Style Interrogation of Whole Slide Images for Precision Pathology.","authors":"Ehsan Ullah, Anil V Parwani","doi":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000535","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000535","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7305,"journal":{"name":"Advances In Anatomic Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"201-205"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147759554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Precision Diagnostics: The Emerging Role of Digital Pathology and Artificial Intelligence.","authors":"Anil V Parwani, Mahul Amin","doi":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PAP.0000000000000538","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7305,"journal":{"name":"Advances In Anatomic Pathology","volume":"33 3","pages":"167-168"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147832318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Digital Cytopathology and Artificial Intelligence Applications.","authors":"Swati Satturwar, Anil V Parwani, Zaibo Li","doi":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000529","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000529","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cytopathology is the first field of pathology in which artificial intelligence (AI) models were successfully developed and commercialized for routine clinical screening of cervical cytology, a practice that has been in place for the past 2 to 3 decades. However, the development and deployment of AI applications for nongynecologic cytology has just begun. The variety of cytology specimen types and preparations with associated unique characteristics presents technical challenges for the complete digitization of the cytology workflow. Despite of these challenges, a few institutions have adopted a complete digital cytology workflow. Technical advancement in digital cytopathology have replaced conventional rapid onsite evaluation by a variety of virtual telecytology systems. Novel digital diagnostic solutions for cytology are evolving. Among these, Hologic Genius is the only one approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for routine clinical screening of cervical cytology in the United States. The recommendations for AI validation and best-practice guidelines for digital cytopathology are currently being developed. Prospect of technical and AI advances in digital cytopathology include automation of sample preparation, ROSE using telecytology, automation of screening of gynecologic and nongynecologic cytology specimens, automated quantitation of biomarkers, quality control, and beyond. This review article uncovers recent advances in digital cytopathology and discusses potential use cases of AI applications for routine cytopathology practice in this modern era of digital cytopathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":7305,"journal":{"name":"Advances In Anatomic Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"190-200"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147759641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ex Vivo Digital Microscopy Techniques in Surgical Pathology.","authors":"Savitri Krishnamurthy","doi":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000530","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000530","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ex vivo digital microscopy uses light in the visible and adjacent spectra to obtain digital images of tissues. They are optical imaging techniques that allow the acquisition of digital images of tissues with minimal or no tissue preparation and are currently available for evaluation of fresh and/or fixed tissues. This review will provide an overview of the different types of ex vivo digital microscopy techniques, including confocal microscopy (CM), optical coherence tomography (OCT), stimulated Raman Spectroscopy (SRS), light sheet microscopy (LSM), microscopy with ultraviolet excitation (MUSE), structured illumination microscopy (SIM), and nonlinear microscopy (NLM). Except for OCT and SRS, all the other tissue imaging techniques require labeling of tissues with fluorescent dyes to obtain digital images. An advantage of several of these techniques, including fluorescence CM, SRS, LSM, MUSE, SIM, and NLM, is that they can produce hematoxylin and eosin-like images. The promising potential of ex vivo digital microscopy techniques in surgical pathology practice is supported by several retrospective and limited prospective studies. Applications of ex vivo digital microscopy techniques include real-time evaluation of fresh tissue at the bedside in clinics and radiology suites, as well as intraoperatively in pathology laboratories. These techniques have great potential for incorporation into standard-of-care surgical pathology practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":7305,"journal":{"name":"Advances In Anatomic Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"181-189"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147353447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal Generative AI for Anatomic Pathology-A Review of Current Applications to Envisage the Future Direction.","authors":"Ehsan Ullah, Mirza Mansoor Baig, Asim Waqas, Ghulam Rasool, Rajendra Singh, Ashwinikumar Shandilya, Hamid GholamHossieni, Anil V Parwani","doi":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000498","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000498","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review focuses on the purported applications of multimodal Gen-AI models for anatomic pathology image analysis and interpretation to predict future directions. A scoping review was conducted to explore the applications of multimodal Gen-AI models in advancing histopathology image analysis. A comprehensive search was conducted using electronic databases for relevant articles published within the past year (July 1, 2023 to June 30, 2024). The selected articles were critically analyzed to identify and summarize the applications of multimodal Gen-AI in anatomic pathology image analysis. Multimodal Gen AI models reported in the literature claim moderate to high accuracy on tasks including image classification, segmentation, and text-to-image retrieval. This review demonstrates the potential of multimodal Gen AI models for useful applications in pathology, including assisting with diagnoses, generating data for education and research, and detection of molecular features from anatomic pathology images. These models use data from a few academic institutions thus they require validation on diverse real-world data. There is an urgent need to build consensus models for optimal model performance through multicenter collaboration using a federated learning approach and the use of carefully curated synthetic anatomic pathology data. These models also need to achieve reliability, generalizability and meet the standards required for clinical use. Despite the rigorous need for evaluation and the need to address genuine concerns, multimodal GenAI models present a promising perspective for the advancement and scalability of anatomic pathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":7305,"journal":{"name":"Advances In Anatomic Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"206-216"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143958072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges and Barriers in Implementing AI for Clinical Applications in Anatomic Pathology.","authors":"Nickolas G Littlefield, Riyue Bao, Xia Rong, Ehsan Ullah, Anil V Parwani, Qiangqiang Gu","doi":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000537","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000537","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The transformation of anatomic pathology from microscope-based practice to digital and computational workflows has created unprecedented opportunities for artificial intelligence (AI)-driven diagnostics. Whole slide imaging systems, digital cytology, and enterprise pathology platforms now enable large-scale image analysis, quantitative tissue characterization, and integration with molecular and clinical data. In parallel, advances in machine and deep learning, and generative models have produced AI systems capable of tumor detection, grading, prognostication, biomarker assessment, and molecular inference directly from routine histologic and cytologic slides. Despite this rapid progress, translation of AI from research environments into routine clinical anatomic pathology remains limited. Barriers include data heterogeneity and limited generalizability, challenges in validation and regulatory compliance, infrastructure and interoperability constraints, workflow integration difficulties, and concerns regarding transparency, accountability, and professional trust. This review synthesizes current evidence on digital pathology and AI applications across surgical pathology and cytopathology, examines the technical, organizational, and regulatory factors that impede clinical adoption, and outlines practical recommendations for developing clinically deployable AI systems. Addressing these challenges through robust digital infrastructure, representative data sets, rigorous validation, and coordinated governance will be essential for realizing the full clinical potential of AI in anatomic pathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":7305,"journal":{"name":"Advances In Anatomic Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"174-180"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147727963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Updates on Digital Pathology and Artificial Intelligence for Clinical Applications in Surgical Pathology.","authors":"Ehsan Ullah, Krutika Mishra, Anil V Parwani","doi":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000536","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000536","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7305,"journal":{"name":"Advances In Anatomic Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"169-173"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147759567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skin Manifestations of Hereditary Cancer Syndromes: A Clinicopathologic Review.","authors":"Michelle D Colbert, Setu Mittal, Johanna Ghebrehiwet-Kuflom, Julia S Lehman, Lori A Erickson, Nessa A Mohandesi","doi":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PAP.0000000000000534","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The focus of this review is the clinical and pathologic presentations of hereditary cancer syndromes with cutaneous manifestations, with the goal of providing a reference for the multidisciplinary care teams involved in the diagnosis and management of these conditions. Advancements in genomics have led to newly recognized syndromes and a deeper understanding of established syndromes. We focus on those with the most relevant cutaneous manifestations. Clinical and histopathologic images provide visual context for these findings, many of which are rare. We summarize the established literature and incorporate new research and noteworthy case reports.</p>","PeriodicalId":7305,"journal":{"name":"Advances In Anatomic Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147669750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Surrogate Immunohistochemistry Markers in CNS Tumors in the Era of Molecular Diagnostics With Recent Updates.","authors":"Sumanta Das, Vaishali Suri, Sunita Ahlawat, Mehar C Sharma","doi":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PAP.0000000000000533","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Molecular profiling is becoming crucial for accurate classification, prognostication, and therapeutic stratification for central nervous system (CNS) tumor classification since the advent of the WHO 2021 CNS tumor classification. However, in most of the low-income countries and middle-income countries, access to advanced molecular platforms remains limited due to cost, technical complexity, and turnaround time. Surrogate immunohistochemistry markers for mutation-specific or fusion-specific antibodies that reliably predict underlying genetic alterations offer a rapid, cost-effective alternative. The manuscript systematically discusses a spectrum of CNS tumor entities where morphology supplemented with immunohistochemistry can, in many cases, support an integrated molecular diagnosis, including \"Astrocytoma, IDH-mutant\" (IDH R132H, ATRX, and p53), \"Oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant, and 1p/19q codeleted\" (HIP1R, H3K27me3 loss, and vimentin), \"Diffuse midline glioma, H3K27-altered\" (H3K27M, EZHIP), \"Diffuse hemispheric glioma, H3G34-mutant\" (H3G34R/V), \"Infant-type hemispheric glioma\" (Pan-TRK, ALK), \"Epithelioid glioblastoma\" and \"Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma\" (BRAF V600E)), \"Astroblastoma, MN1-altered\" (MN1), \"Ependymoma\" subtypes (p65, L1CAM, EZHIP), \"Medulloblastoma\" subgroups (β-catenin, LEF1, YAP1, GAB1), \"Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor\" (SMARCB1, SMARCA4), \"CNS neuroblastoma, FOXR2-activated\" (FOXR2), \"CNS tumor with BCOR ITD\" (BCOR), and various sarcomas and sellar tumors (STAT6, NKX2.2, DUX4, β-catenin, BRAF V600E). For each entity, detailed morphologic features, immunoprofiles, sensitivity/specificity data, and diagnostic caveats have been described. The review emphasizes that when interpreted alongside histomorphology and conventional markers, surrogate immunohistochemistry can significantly reduce reliance on molecular testing, expedite diagnosis, and improve accessibility of precision diagnostics. Standardization, validation, and awareness of pitfalls remain essential to maximizing their clinical utility in neuropathology practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":7305,"journal":{"name":"Advances In Anatomic Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147637534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small Round Cell Tumors of Soft Tissue and Skeleton in Children and Youth: A Narrative and TruSight-Based Illustrative Review of Diagnostic Cases.","authors":"Anita Nagy, Consolato M Sergi","doi":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PAP.0000000000000532","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Small round cell tumors (SRCT) affecting soft tissue and bone are a distinct category of malignancies. These lesions frequently exhibit similar clinical and radiologic features, may harbor overlapping histologic and immunophenotypic features, and generally have distinct prognostic outcomes. Therefore, in some instances, the diagnosis and accurate subclassification require molecular confirmation. We aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the morphologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of SRCTs of soft tissue and bone in pediatric and young adult patients, with an emphasis on both commonly encountered tumors and rare, recently described entities, accompanied by illustrative material from our TruSight platform. The literature data were mined from the PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane databases covering the period from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2024, and the authors' personal experience with diagnostic cases at their institutions. We reviewed tumors that include sarcoma with EWSR1-non-ETS fusion, CIC-rearranged sarcoma, BCOR-rearranged sarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, desmoplastic small round cell tumor, high-grade/round cell myxoid liposarcoma, poorly differentiated synovial sarcoma, small-cell type osteosarcoma, mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, and extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma. Immunohistochemistry plays a crucial role in interpreting a specific diagnosis or narrowing the differential diagnosis of SRCTs. Molecular genetic investigations are essential, particularly in cases exhibiting atypical or overlapping histologic and immunohistological features.</p>","PeriodicalId":7305,"journal":{"name":"Advances In Anatomic Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147607603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}