Advances In Anatomic Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Perivascular Cell Tumors (PEComas) of the Genitourinary Tract: A Summary.","authors":"Susan K Potterveld, Pedram Argani, Ankur R Sangoi","doi":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PAP.0000000000000512","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Perivascular cell tumors (PEComas) in the genitourinary tract have an overwhelming propensity to occur in the kidney, where they are synonymously referred to as angiomyolipomas (AMLs). Although less common, PEComas may occur throughout the urinary tract (particularly involving the bladder) and may rarely appear in the prostate/seminal vesicle and testis. Herein, we describe the wide clinicopathologic characteristics of genitorurinary PEComas both of renal and extrarenal origin.</p>","PeriodicalId":7305,"journal":{"name":"Advances In Anatomic Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145129853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroendocrine Tumors in Horseshoe Kidneys: A Review of the Literature With Report of a Novel Finding Expanding Their Morphologic Spectrum.","authors":"Athanase Billis, Leandro L L Freitas, Frederico G C Silva, Ubirajara Ferreira, Wagner E Matheus, Ivan B Selegatto, Caio de Oliveira, Thais A Tognoli, Elba C S C Etchebehere","doi":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PAP.0000000000000470","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Horseshoe kidney is a rare congenital anomaly with an unusually higher frequency of neuroendocrine tumors. Symptoms are rare, and, in most of the cases, are incidentally diagnosed. The clinical behavior of these tumors is heterogeneous and can be difficult to predict based on histology alone. Necrosis and percentage of Ki-67 may have a role in prognosis. Almost all tumors are carcinoids (well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors) observed at an early age and with no sex dominance. It is not known the reason for the higher frequency of neuroendocrine tumors in horseshoe kidneys and the histogenesis is unknown. One of the hypotheses supports that renal carcinoid tumors may arise from neuroendocrine cells within foci of metaplastic or teratomatous epithelium within the kidney. With consonance with this hypothesis, there are reports of carcinoids in horseshoe kidneys associated with a cystic lesion lined by the intestinal epithelium, with mucinous differentiation and osseous metaplasia, arising in a mature teratoma of the kidney, arising within mature teratoma and clear cell renal cell carcinoma, with a mucinous cystadenoma element, and arising within mature cystic teratoma synchronous with primary adenocarcinoma. There is only one reported large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of a horseshoe kidney in a 57-year-old Chinese woman. Herein, we report a patient that to the best of our knowledge is the first case of a combined well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor and large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma with rhabdoid features in horseshoe kidney. The histologic component of rhabdoid features expands the morphologic spectrum of neuroendocrine tumors in the horseshoe kidney. We provide a comprehensive review of the literature summarizing pertinent key clinical and pathologic aspects.</p>","PeriodicalId":7305,"journal":{"name":"Advances In Anatomic Pathology","volume":"32 5","pages":"349-355"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144820350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Primer on Bluesky (and PathSky) for Pathologists, Trainees, and Medical Students.","authors":"Casey P Schukow, Lavisha S Punjabi, Emma Khan","doi":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000491","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000491","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Social media (SoMe) has become an integral tool in modern pathology, facilitating education, research, mentorship, and professional networking. However, the evolving landscape of SoMe platforms presents both opportunities and challenges for pathologists. Bluesky, a decentralized platform launched publically in 2024 has gained significant traction among pathologists as an alternative to \"traditional,\" or more widely-used, platforms like Twitter/X. This narrative review explores the role of SoMe in pathology, introduces Bluesky and its pathology-focused community PathSky, and compares it with other platforms. In addition, practical guidance on joining Bluesky and engaging with PathSky is provided. By embracing innovative platforms like Bluesky, pathologists can enhance collaboration, education, and professional growth in the digital age.</p>","PeriodicalId":7305,"journal":{"name":"Advances In Anatomic Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"356-360"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143699361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatoblastoma: Comprehensive Review With Recent Updates.","authors":"Jingjing Jiao, Romil Saxena, Raffaella Morotti","doi":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000495","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000495","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatoblastoma (HB), the most common primary malignant liver tumor of childhood, demonstrates remarkable histologic heterogeneity and can be classified into epithelial or mixed epithelial-mesenchymal subtypes. This review summarizes updates in histologic classification, molecular signatures, staging, and risk stratification of HB. The Children's Hepatic tumors International Collaboration represents an international effort to standardize the study of rare pediatric liver tumors; emphasis continues to remain on improving risk stratification by a combination of clinical, histologic, and molecular features to tailor treatment in a bid to reduce toxicity while maintaining or improving efficacy. Pure fetal HB is cured by complete resection without the need for adjuvant chemotherapy. Malignant rhabdoid tumors have been parsed out from small cell undifferentiated HBs by negative INI-1 staining on immunohistochemistry; these tumors require a distinct and more aggressive chemotherapeutic regimen. The significance of recently characterized \"blastema\" component in HB remains to be elucidated. Hepatocellular neoplasm, not otherwise specified, is a provisional diagnostic category for tumors exhibiting either intermediate or a combination of both HB and hepatocellular carcinoma histologic features. The Children's Hepatic tumors International Collaboration risk stratification algorithm includes age as an important discriminator of risk, in addition to AFP, metastasis, and PreTreatment EXTent of disease stage and its annotations.</p>","PeriodicalId":7305,"journal":{"name":"Advances In Anatomic Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"309-316"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143771191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preneoplastic and Neoplastic Biliary Diseases.","authors":"Tom Z Liang, Shefali Chopra","doi":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000497","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000497","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Preneoplastic and neoplastic biliary disease comprises biliary intraepithelial neoplasia (BilIN), intraductal papillary neoplasms, mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCNs), and cholangiocarcinoma and their variants. Correct recognition of these entities can be challenging, especially on small/needle biopsies, but is required to plan therapy and guide transplant in the setting of cirrhosis. Salient histologic features of these entities, along with ancillary use of immunostains and key molecular findings aiding in diagnosis, are discussed. Type 2 intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile ducts is typically associated with an invasive malignancy and lack unique molecular features associated with the Type 1 intraductal papillary neoplasm, thus they are called \"papillary cholangiocarcinoma\" by some authors. Some of the cholangiocarcinoma variants, like enteroblastic and mucoepidermoid, are under-recognized and can pose diagnostic challenges. The tubulocystic and cholangioblastic variants are relatively recently described but are being increasingly recognized. The cholangioblastic variant has a novel NIBPL-NACC1 fusion described in the more recent larger series reported, making it a somewhat unique variant of cholangiocarcinoma. Nomenclature of the cholangioblastic variant is in evolution as is the link between adenofibroma and the tubulocystic variant. Correct recognition of these variant subtypes would aid in long-term studies to better determine the prognosis in these subtypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7305,"journal":{"name":"Advances In Anatomic Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"327-337"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143794411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolving Concepts in Liver Pathology (Part I): Application to Liver Biopsy Interpretation of Liver Neoplasia.","authors":"Hanlin L Wang, Romil Saxena","doi":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000511","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000511","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7305,"journal":{"name":"Advances In Anatomic Pathology","volume":"32 5","pages":"307-308"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144820349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Molecular Insights, Histologic Subtypes, and Differential Diagnosis.","authors":"Wei Zheng, Yulin Haw, Hanlin L Wang","doi":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000501","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000501","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Significant advancements over the past 2 decades have reshaped our understanding and diagnostic capabilities for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). These advancements span molecular insights into key driver gene mutations and chromosomal aberrations, refined recognition of distinct histologic subtypes, improved differentiation from precursor and benign hepatic lesions, and enhanced strategies for interpreting challenging biopsy samples. The discovery of driver mutations such as TERT promoter, CTNNB1 , and TP53 , along with chromosomal alterations, has provided essential tools for identifying malignancy and understanding tumor behavior. Concurrently, the recognition of distinct morphomolecular HCC subtypes has underscored the importance of integrating histologic and molecular findings for accurate diagnosis and prognostic assessment. In addition, differentiating HCC from dysplastic nodule and hepatocellular adenoma remains a diagnostic challenge, often requiring a combination of morphologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular approaches. Moreover, the interpretation of biopsy samples from borderline hepatocellular neoplasms highlights the limitations of conventional pathology alone and the need for comprehensive diagnostic strategies. This review aims to provide an updated overview of these interconnected aspects, emphasizing their collective role in advancing the precision diagnosis of HCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":7305,"journal":{"name":"Advances In Anatomic Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"317-326"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143962361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Other Primary Epithelial Neoplasms of the Liver.","authors":"Wai Szeto, Rifat Mannan","doi":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000494","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000494","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primary liver carcinoma (PLC) is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortalities. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent form of PLC, followed by intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). In addition, there is a group of rarer PLCs that do not fit neatly into the HCC or iCCA categories. This review explores this heterogeneous group, including combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CCA), intermediate cell carcinoma (ICC), mixed hepatocellular-neuroendocrine carcinoma, and undifferentiated primary liver carcinoma. cHCC-CCA is a rare subtype of PLC, characterized by both hepatocytic and cholangiocytic differentiation within the same tumor. The latest WHO classification (2019, fifth edition) redefined cHCC-CCA by eliminating the \"stem cell subtypes\" and emphasized that diagnosis should primarily rely on morphologic features, supported by immunohistochemical staining to better define subtypes. Intermediate cell carcinoma is a subtype of cHCC-CCA and is comprised of monomorphic tumor cells that exhibit characteristics intermediate between hepatocytes and cholangiocytes, with immunohistochemical expression of hepatocytic and cholangiocytic markers within the same cell. Another rare entity, combined HCC and neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC), contains an admixture of HCC and NEC components within the same tumor. Undifferentiated primary liver carcinoma, on the other hand, lacks definitive lineage differentiation beyond an epithelial phenotype. These heterogeneous PLCs pose diagnostic challenges owing to their mixed/unusual histologic features and overlapping immunohistochemical markers. They tend to have poor prognoses, highlighting the critical importance of accurate and timely diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7305,"journal":{"name":"Advances In Anatomic Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"338-348"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143810274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drug-induced Liver Injury: Pathology Patterns and Common Culprits.","authors":"Paige H Parrack, Lei Zhao","doi":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PAP.0000000000000506","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) has an incredible range of morphologic presentations, from acute extensive necrosis to resolving injury with ceroid-laden macrophages. The diversity in presentation on biopsy is diagnostically challenging, but DILI is becoming more widely recognized, especially with the aid of resources like LiverTox. Some medications, such as acetaminophen, have well-established patterns of injury. However, newer medications, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, are continually being developed, and our understanding of their effects on the liver are evolving. In this chapter, we will focus on the DILI patterns and frequently encountered DILI culprits. Ultimately, DILI is a diagnosis of exclusion, and close clinical correlation is essential when navigating the differential.</p>","PeriodicalId":7305,"journal":{"name":"Advances In Anatomic Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144774492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Dublin International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Consensus Conference on Best Practice Recommendations on the Pathology of Glandular Lesions of the Urinary Bladder.","authors":"Gladell P Paner, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, Nadine T Gaisa, Antonio Lopez-Beltran, Fiona Maclean, Toyonori Tsuzuki, Isabela Werneck da Cunha, Mahul B Amin, Jonathan Aning, Manju Aron, Daniel Athanazio, Richard M Bambury, Liang Cheng, Anuradha Gopalan, Christian Gulmann, Charles C Guo, Carole Harris, Gopa Iyer, Rafael E Jimenez, Masahiro Jinzaki, Eiji Kikuchi, Priti Lal, Kosuke Miyai, George J Netto, Chin-Chen Pan, Valeria Panebianco, Bas Wg van Rhijn, Arlene Siefker-Radtke, Steven C Smith, Tibor Szarvas, Sara E Wobker, Glen Kristiansen, Henning Reis","doi":"10.1097/PAP.0000000000000510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PAP.0000000000000510","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Dublin ISUP Consensus Conference covered the proceedings on the best practice recommendations on nonurachal glandular lesions of the urinary bladder, bladder diverticular cancers, and molecular features of bladder and urachal glandular lesions. The conference proceedings on urachal neoplasms (except for their molecular features) are published elsewhere. The rationale for convening this conference was the lack of structured and consented pathologic recommendations in these rare lesions. Consensus by participants was reached on the following statements: (1) intestinal metaplasia with dysplasia is considered to be a precursor to primary bladder adenocarcinoma; (2) dysplasia arising from cystitis glandularis should be reported in terms of focality (focal or nonfocal) and grade (low or high); (3) the term \"adenocarcinoma\" should only be used for carcinomas showing pure (nonurothelial) morphology and should not be used interchangeably in urothelial carcinoma with \"glandular differentiation\" because of the pathobiological differences and management implications; (4) the different histologic subtypes of bladder adenocarcinoma should be specified in the report; (5) immunohistochemistry has an ancillary role in the work up of bladder adenocarcinoma versus gastrointestinal or Müllerian-type adenocarcinomas; (6) lymphovascular invasion should be included as a parameter when reporting bladder adenocarcinoma; (7) representative or targeted sampling will be sufficient for bladder diverticulum resection specimens; and (8) molecular analysis in genomic profiling should be performed only in advanced or metastatic bladder and urachal adenocarcinomas for targetable therapy. This report on glandular (nonurachal) lesions of the bladder from the Dublin ISUP consensus conference will serve as a best practice recommendation and as a guide for future research on these relatively rare lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":7305,"journal":{"name":"Advances In Anatomic Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144774493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}