Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing)最新文献_第4页

Rethinking Therapeutic Strategies for Anorexia Nervosa: Insights From Psychedelic Medicine and Animal Models. 重新思考神经性厌食症的治疗策略：来自迷幻医学和动物模型的启示。

Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing) Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-28 DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.24022012

Claire J Foldi, Paul Liknaitzky, Martin Williams, Brian J Oldfield

{"title":"Rethinking Therapeutic Strategies for Anorexia Nervosa: Insights From Psychedelic Medicine and Animal Models.","authors":"Claire J Foldi, Paul Liknaitzky, Martin Williams, Brian J Oldfield","doi":"10.1176/appi.focus.24022012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.focus.24022012","url":null,"abstract":"Anorexia nervosa (AN) has the highest mortality rate of any psychiatric disease, yet available pharmacological treatments are largely ineffective due, in part, to an inadequate understanding of the neurobiological drivers that underpin the condition. The recent resurgence of research into the clinical applications of psychedelic medicine for a range of mental disorders has highlighted the potential for classical psychedelics, including psilocybin, to alleviate symptoms of AN that relate to serotonergic signaling and cognitive inflexibility. Clinical trials using psychedelics in treatment-resistant depression have shown promising outcomes, although these studies are unable to circumvent some methodological biases. The first clinical trial to use psilocybin in patients with AN commenced in 2019, necessitating a better understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms through which psychedelics act. Animal models are beneficial in this respect, allowing for detailed scrutiny of brain function and behavior and the potential to study pharmacology without the confounds of expectancy and bias that are impossible to control for in patient populations. We argue that studies investigating the neurobiological effects of psychedelics in animal models, including the activity-based anorexia (ABA) rodent model, are particularly important to inform clinical applications, including the subpopulations of patients that may benefit most from psychedelic medicine. Appeared originally in Front Neurosci 2020; 14:43.","PeriodicalId":73036,"journal":{"name":"Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing)","volume":"22 3","pages":"373-380"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11231471/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141582017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Building Confidence in Discussing Genetics With Patients With Eating Disorders and Their Families. 树立与饮食失调患者及其家属讨论遗传学的信心。

Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing) Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-28 DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.20230040

Cynthia M Bulik

引用次数: 0

Innovative and Emerging Treatments for Anorexia Nervosa. 厌食症的创新和新兴疗法。

Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing) Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-28 DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.20230041

Amanda E Downey, Sasha Gorrell

引用次数: 0

Anorexia Nervosa Across the Lifespan: A Review of Recent Literature. 跨生命周期的神经性厌食症：最新文献综述。

Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing) Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-28 DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.20230037

Nandini Datta, Kristene Hossepian, Isabella Xie, Hazal Yagmur Gurcan, Solveig Behr, Marina Pouliadi, Christina Miranda

引用次数: 0

Bulimia Nervosa and Binge-Eating Disorder Across the Lifespan. 神经性贪食症和暴饮暴食症的一生。

Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing) Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-28 DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.20240001

Brittany E Matheson

{"title":"Bulimia Nervosa and Binge-Eating Disorder Across the Lifespan.","authors":"Brittany E Matheson","doi":"10.1176/appi.focus.20240001","DOIUrl":"10.1176/appi.focus.20240001","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to review the current evidence-based psychotherapy and psychopharmacological treatments for adults and youths with bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge-eating disorder (BED). Treatments for adults and for children and adolescents are discussed separately, including developmental considerations in the management of these disorders among youths. Although several evidence-based psychotherapy and psychopharmacological treatment options have been established for adults with BN or BED, there is much less empirical support for the management of these eating disorders among children and adolescents. This review concludes by discussing promising modalities and innovations, highlighting the potential utility of integrating technology into treatment approaches. Despite decades of treatment development and testing, a sizable proportion of individuals with BN or BED do not respond to the current evidence-based treatments, highlighting the need for continued research in these domains. Future research should focus on testing psychotherapy treatments among diverse samples in large, randomized controlled trials, as well as on treatments that can be easily scaled and implemented in community settings.","PeriodicalId":73036,"journal":{"name":"Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing)","volume":"22 3","pages":"278-287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11231461/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141581719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Eating Disorders: Updates and Innovations. 饮食失调症：更新与创新。

Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing) Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-28 DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.24022009

引用次数: 0

Psychopharmacology Review for Eating Disorders Among Children, Adolescents, and Adults. 儿童、青少年和成年人饮食失调的精神药理学综述》。

Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing) Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-28 DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.20230043

Zinnia Ali, Jennifer Couturier

引用次数: 0

Innate Immune Dysfunction and Neuroinflammation in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). 自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 中的先天性免疫功能障碍和神经炎症。

Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.24022004

H K Hughes, R J Moreno, P Ashwood

{"title":"Innate Immune Dysfunction and Neuroinflammation in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).","authors":"H K Hughes, R J Moreno, P Ashwood","doi":"10.1176/appi.focus.24022004","DOIUrl":"10.1176/appi.focus.24022004","url":null,"abstract":"Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by communication and social behavior deficits. The presence of restricted and repetitive behaviors often accompanies these deficits, and these characteristics can range from mild to severe. The past several decades have seen a significant rise in the prevalence of ASD. The etiology of ASD remains unknown; however, genetic and environmental risk factors play a role. Multiple hypotheses converge to suggest that neuroinflammation, or at least the interaction between immune and neural systems, may be involved in the etiology of some ASD cases or groups. Repeated evidence of innate immune dysfunction has been seen in ASD, often associated with worsening behaviors. This evidence includes data from circulating myeloid cells and brain resident macrophages/microglia in both human and animal models. This comprehensive review presents recent findings of innate immune dysfunction in ASD, including aberrant innate cellular function, evidence of neuroinflammation, and microglia activation. Appeared originally in Brain Behav Immun 2023; 108:245-254.","PeriodicalId":73036,"journal":{"name":"Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing)","volume":"22 2","pages":"229-241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11046725/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140872427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Systematic Review: Autism Spectrum Disorder and the Gut Microbiota. 系统综述：自闭症谱系障碍与肠道微生物群。

Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.24022008

Jenni Korteniemi, Linnea Karlsson, Anna Aatsinki

{"title":"Systematic Review: Autism Spectrum Disorder and the Gut Microbiota.","authors":"Jenni Korteniemi, Linnea Karlsson, Anna Aatsinki","doi":"10.1176/appi.focus.24022008","DOIUrl":"10.1176/appi.focus.24022008","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a varying group of disorders characterized by deficiency in social interaction and restrictive patterns of behavior and interests. While there are several studies focusing on the neuro-psychiatric pathogenesis of ASD, its etiology remains unclear. The role of gut-brain-axis in ASD has been studied increasingly and a correlation between symptoms and the composition of gut microbiota has been documented in various works. Despite this, the significance of individual microbes and their function is still widely unknown. This work aims to elucidate the current knowledge of the interrelations between ASD and the gut microbiota in children based on scientific evidence.Methods: This is a systematic review done by a literature search focusing on the main findings concerning the gut microbiota composition, interventions targeting the gut microbiota, and possible mechanisms explaining the results in children aged between 2 and 18 years of age.Results: Most studies in this review found significant differences between microbial communities, while there was notable variation in results regarding diversity indices or taxonomic level abundance. The most consistent results regarding taxa differences in ASD children's gut microbiota were higher levels of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Sutterella compared to controls.Conclusion: These results show that the gut microbiota of children with ASD is altered compared to one of neurotypically developed children. More research is needed to discover whether some of these features could be used as potential biomarkers for ASD and how the gut microbiota could be targeted in therapeutical interventions.Appeared originally in Acta Psychiatr Scand 2023;148:242-254.","PeriodicalId":73036,"journal":{"name":"Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing)","volume":"22 2","pages":"242-251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11046714/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140873805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Update on Psychopharmacological Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder. 自闭症谱系障碍的精神药物治疗最新进展。

Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.24022006

Ramkumar Aishworiya, Tatiana Valica, Randi Hagerman, Bibiana Restrepo

{"title":"An Update on Psychopharmacological Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder.","authors":"Ramkumar Aishworiya, Tatiana Valica, Randi Hagerman, Bibiana Restrepo","doi":"10.1176/appi.focus.24022006","DOIUrl":"10.1176/appi.focus.24022006","url":null,"abstract":"While behavioral interventions remain the mainstay of treatment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), several potential targeted treatments addressing the underlying neurophysiology of ASD have emerged in the last few years. These are promising for the potential to, in future, become part of the mainstay treatment in addressing the core symptoms of ASD. Although it is likely that the development of future targeted treatments will be influenced by the underlying heterogeneity in etiology, associated genetic mechanisms influencing ASD are likely to be the first targets of treatments and even gene therapy in the future for ASD. In this article, we provide a review of current psychopharmacological treatment in ASD including those used to address common comorbidities of the condition and upcoming new targeted approaches in autism management. Medications including metformin, arbaclofen, cannabidiol, oxytocin, bumetanide, lovastatin, trofinetide, and dietary supplements including sulforophane and N-acetylcysteine are discussed. Commonly used medications to address the comorbidities associated with ASD including atypical antipsychotics, serotoninergic agents, alpha-2 agonists, and stimulant medications are also reviewed. Targeted treatments in Fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most common genetic disorder leading to ASD, provide a model for new treatments that may be helpful for other forms of ASD. Appeared originally in Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:248-262.","PeriodicalId":73036,"journal":{"name":"Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing)","volume":"22 2","pages":"198-211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11046717/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140873849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0