FEMS microbes最新文献_第3页

Colonization of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in human-derived colonic epithelium: Unraveling the transcriptional dynamics of host-enterococcal interactions 耐万古霉素肠球菌在人源结肠上皮细胞中的定植：揭示宿主与肠球菌相互作用的转录动态

FEMS microbes Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtae014

P. Stege, J. Beekman, Antoni P. A. Hendrickx, Laura van Eijk, Malbert R. C. Rogers, S. Suen, A. Vonk, Rob J. L. Willems, F. Paganelli

{"title":"Colonization of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in human-derived colonic epithelium: Unraveling the transcriptional dynamics of host-enterococcal interactions","authors":"P. Stege, J. Beekman, Antoni P. A. Hendrickx, Laura van Eijk, Malbert R. C. Rogers, S. Suen, A. Vonk, Rob J. L. Willems, F. Paganelli","doi":"10.1093/femsmc/xtae014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/femsmc/xtae014","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Enterococcus faecium is an opportunistic pathogen able to colonize the intestines of hospitalized patients. This initial colonization is an important step in the downstream pathogenesis, which includes outgrowth of the intestinal microbiota and potential infection of the host. The impact of intestinal overgrowth on host-enterococcal interactions is not well understood. We therefore applied a RNAseq approach in order to unravel the transcriptional dynamics of E. faecium upon co-culturing with human derived colonic epithelium. Co-cultures of colonic epithelium with a hospital-associated vancomycin resistant (vanA-type) E. faecium (VRE) showed that VRE resided on top of the colonic epithelium when analyzed by microscopy. RNAseq revealed that exposure to the colonic epithelium resulted in upregulation of 238 VRE genes compared to the control condition, including genes implicated in pili expression, conjugation (plasmid_2), genes related to sugar uptake and biofilm formation (chromossome). In total, 260 were downregulated including the vanA operon located on plasmid_3. Pathway analysis revealed an overall switch in metabolism to amino acid scavenging and reduction. In summary, our study demonstrates that co-culturing of VRE with human colonic epithelium promotes an elaborate gene response in VRE, enhancing our insight in host-E. faecium interactions, which might facilitate the design of novel anti-infectivity strategies.","PeriodicalId":73024,"journal":{"name":"FEMS microbes","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141003830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Virulence Characteristics of Gram-positive Bacteria Isolated from Diabetic Foot Ulcers 从糖尿病足溃疡中分离出的革兰氏阳性细菌的毒性特征

FEMS microbes Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtae013

Rebecca A. Keogh, Savannah Huyvaert, Garrett D Moore, Alexander R. Horswill, K. Doran

{"title":"Virulence Characteristics of Gram-positive Bacteria Isolated from Diabetic Foot Ulcers","authors":"Rebecca A. Keogh, Savannah Huyvaert, Garrett D Moore, Alexander R. Horswill, K. Doran","doi":"10.1093/femsmc/xtae013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/femsmc/xtae013","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Diabetic wound infections including diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a major global health concern and a leading cause of non-traumatic amputations. Numerous bacterial species establish infection in DFUs, and treatment with antibiotics often fails due to widespread antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation. Determination of bacterial species that reside in DFU and their virulence potential is critical to inform treatment options. Here, we isolate bacteria from debridement tissues from patients with diabetes at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center. The most frequent species were Gram-positive including Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus agalactiae, also known as Group B Streptococcus (GBS). Most tissues had more than one species isolated with E. faecalis and GBS frequently occurring in polymicrobial infection with S. aureus. S. aureus was the best biofilm producing species with E. faecalis and GBS isolates exhibiting little to no biofilm formation. Antibiotic susceptibility varied amongst strains with high levels of penicillin resistance amongst S. aureus, clindamycin resistance amongst GBS and intermediate vancomycin resistance amongst E. faecalis. Finally, we utilized a murine model of diabetic wound infection and found that the presence of S. aureus led to significantly higher recovery of GBS and E. faecalis compared to mice challenged in mono-infection.","PeriodicalId":73024,"journal":{"name":"FEMS microbes","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141007424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fungal endophytes from saline-adapted shrubs induce salinity stress tolerance in tomato seedlings. 来自适应盐碱环境的灌木的真菌内生菌诱导番茄幼苗耐盐碱胁迫。

FEMS microbes Pub Date : 2024-04-29 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtae012

Priscillar Mumo Mutungi, Vitalis Wafula Wekesa, Justus Onguso, Erustus Kanga, Steve B S Baleba, Hamadi Iddi Boga

{"title":"Fungal endophytes from saline-adapted shrubs induce salinity stress tolerance in tomato seedlings.","authors":"Priscillar Mumo Mutungi, Vitalis Wafula Wekesa, Justus Onguso, Erustus Kanga, Steve B S Baleba, Hamadi Iddi Boga","doi":"10.1093/femsmc/xtae012","DOIUrl":"10.1093/femsmc/xtae012","url":null,"abstract":"To meet the food and feed demands of the growing population, global food production needs to double by 2050. Climate change-induced challenges to food crops, especially soil salinization, remain a major threat to food production. We hypothesize that endophytic fungi isolated from salt-adapted host plants can confer salinity stress tolerance to salt-sensitive crops. Therefore, we isolated fungal endophytes from shrubs along the shores of saline alkaline Lake Magadi and evaluated their ability to induce salinity stress tolerance in tomato seeds and seedlings. Of 60 endophytic fungal isolates, 95% and 5% were from Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes phyla, respectively. The highest number of isolates (48.3%) were from the roots. Amylase, protease and cellulase were produced by 25, 30 and 27 isolates, respectively; and 32 isolates solubilized phosphate. Only eight isolates grew at 1.5 M NaCl. Four fungal endophytes (Cephalotrichum cylindricum, Fusarium equiseti, Fusarium falciforme and Aspergilus puniceus) were tested under greenhouse conditions for their ability to induce salinity tolerance in tomato seedlings. All four endophytes successfully colonized tomato seedlings and grew in 1.5 M NaCl. The germination of endophyte-inoculated seeds was enhanced by 23%, whereas seedlings showed increased chlorophyll and biomass content and decreased hydrogen peroxide content under salinity stress, compared with controls. The results suggest that the the four isolates can potentially be used to mitigate salinity stress in tomato plants in salt-affected soils.","PeriodicalId":73024,"journal":{"name":"FEMS microbes","volume":"5 ","pages":"xtae012"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11104533/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141072458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The gut microbiome of farmed Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) is shaped by feeding stage and nutrient presence. 养殖北极红点鲑（Salvelinus alpinus）的肠道微生物群受饲养阶段和营养物质的影响。

FEMS microbes Pub Date : 2024-04-23 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtae011

Stephen Knobloch, Sigurlaug Skirnisdóttir, Marianne Dubois, Lucie Mayolle, Laetitia Kolypczuk, Françoise Leroi, Alexandra Leeper, Delphine Passerini, Viggó Þ Marteinsson

{"title":"The gut microbiome of farmed Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) is shaped by feeding stage and nutrient presence.","authors":"Stephen Knobloch, Sigurlaug Skirnisdóttir, Marianne Dubois, Lucie Mayolle, Laetitia Kolypczuk, Françoise Leroi, Alexandra Leeper, Delphine Passerini, Viggó Þ Marteinsson","doi":"10.1093/femsmc/xtae011","DOIUrl":"10.1093/femsmc/xtae011","url":null,"abstract":"The gut microbiome plays an important role in maintaining health and productivity of farmed fish. However, the functional role of most gut microorganisms remains unknown. Identifying the stable members of the gut microbiota and understanding their functional roles could aid in the selection of positive traits or act as a proxy for fish health in aquaculture. Here, we analyse the gut microbial community of farmed juvenile Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and reconstruct the metabolic potential of its main symbionts. The gut microbiota of Arctic char undergoes a succession in community composition during the first weeks post-hatch, with a decrease in Shannon diversity and the establishment of three dominant bacterial taxa. The genome of the most abundant bacterium, a Mycoplasma sp., shows adaptation to rapid growth in the nutrient-rich gut environment. The second most abundant taxon, a Brevinema sp., has versatile metabolic potential, including genes involved in host mucin degradation and utilization. However, during periods of absent gut content, a Ruminococcaceae bacterium becomes dominant, possibly outgrowing all other bacteria through the production of secondary metabolites involved in quorum sensing and cross-inhibition while benefiting the host through short-chain fatty acid production. Whereas Mycoplasma is often present as a symbiont in farmed salmonids, we show that the Ruminococcaceae species is also detected in wild Arctic char, suggesting a close evolutionary relationship between the host and this symbiotic bacterium.","PeriodicalId":73024,"journal":{"name":"FEMS microbes","volume":"5 ","pages":"xtae011"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11092275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140923575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Interactions between commensal Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus lactis and clinical isolates of E. faecium 共生粪肠球菌和乳肠球菌与临床分离的粪肠球菌之间的相互作用

FEMS microbes Pub Date : 2024-03-09 DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtae009

T. Wagner, A. K. Pöntinen, Carolin Kornelia Fenzel, Daniel Engi, J. Janice, Ana C. Almeida-Santos, A. Tedim, Ana R. Freitas, Luísa Peixe, W. van Schaik, Mona Johannessen, K. Hegstad

{"title":"Interactions between commensal Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus lactis and clinical isolates of E. faecium","authors":"T. Wagner, A. K. Pöntinen, Carolin Kornelia Fenzel, Daniel Engi, J. Janice, Ana C. Almeida-Santos, A. Tedim, Ana R. Freitas, Luísa Peixe, W. van Schaik, Mona Johannessen, K. Hegstad","doi":"10.1093/femsmc/xtae009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/femsmc/xtae009","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Enterococcus faecium (Efm) is a versatile pathogen, responsible for multidrug-resistant infections, especially in hospitalized immunocompromised patients. Its population structure has been characterized by diverse clades (A1, A2 and B (reclassified as Enterococcus lactis (Ela)), adapted to different environments, and distinguished by their resistomes and virulomes. These features only partially explain the predominance of clade A1 strains in nosocomial infections. We investigated in vitro interaction of 50 clinical isolates (clade A1 Efm) against 75 commensal faecal isolates from healthy humans (25 clade A2 Efm and 50 Ela). Only 36% of the commensal isolates inhibited clinical isolates, while 76% of the clinical isolates inhibited commensal isolates. The most apparent overall differences in inhibition patterns were presented between clades. The inhibitory activity was mainly mediated by secreted, proteinaceous, heat-stable compounds, likely indicating an involvement of bacteriocins. A custom-made database targeting 76 Bacillota bacteriocins was used to reveal bacteriocins in the genomes. Our systematic screening of the interactions between nosocomial and commensal Efm and Ela on a large scale suggests that, in a clinical setting, nosocomial strains not only have an advantage over commensal strains due to their possession of AMR genes, virulence factors, and resilience but also inhibit the growth of commensal strains.","PeriodicalId":73024,"journal":{"name":"FEMS microbes","volume":"170 S366","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140256764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mining the Microbiome of Lake Afdera to Gain Insights into Microbial Diversity and Biosynthetic Potential 挖掘阿夫德拉湖微生物组，深入了解微生物多样性和生物合成潜力

FEMS microbes Pub Date : 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtae008

E. Balcha, M. Macey, M. T. Gemeda, Barbara Cavalazzi, A. A. Woldesemayat

{"title":"Mining the Microbiome of Lake Afdera to Gain Insights into Microbial Diversity and Biosynthetic Potential","authors":"E. Balcha, M. Macey, M. T. Gemeda, Barbara Cavalazzi, A. A. Woldesemayat","doi":"10.1093/femsmc/xtae008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/femsmc/xtae008","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Microorganisms inhabiting hypersaline environments have received significant attention due to their ability to thrive under poly-extreme conditions, including high salinity, elevated temperatures and heavy metal stress. They are believed to possess biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) that encode secondary metabolites as survival strategy and offer potential biotechnological applications. In this study, we mined BGCs in shotgun metagenomic sequences generated from Lake Afdera, a hypersaline lake in the Afar Depression, Ethiopia. The microbiome of Lake Afdera is predominantly bacterial, with Acinetobacter (18.6%) and Pseudomonas (11.8%) being ubiquitously detected. A total of 94 distinct BGCs were identified in the metagenomic data. These BGCs are found to encode secondary metabolites with two main categories of functions: (i) potential pharmaceutical applications (nonribosomal peptide synthase NRPs, polyketide synthase, others) and (ii) miscellaneous roles conferring adaptation to extreme environment (bacteriocins, ectoine, others). Notably, NRPs (20.6%) and bacteriocins (10.6%) were the most abundant. Furthermore, our metagenomic analysis predicted gene clusters that enable microbes to defend against a wide range of toxic metals, oxidative stress and osmotic stress. These findings suggest that Lake Afdera is a rich biological reservoir, with the predicted BGCs playing critical role in the survival and adaptation of extremophiles.","PeriodicalId":73024,"journal":{"name":"FEMS microbes","volume":"6 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140260763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The gut metagenome harbors metabolic and antibiotic resistance signatures of moderate-to-severe asthma 肠道元基因组蕴藏着中重度哮喘的代谢和抗生素耐药性特征

FEMS microbes Pub Date : 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtae010

Naomi G. Wilson, Ariel Hernandez-Leyva, Drew J Schwartz, Leonard B. Bacharier, A. Kau

{"title":"The gut metagenome harbors metabolic and antibiotic resistance signatures of moderate-to-severe asthma","authors":"Naomi G. Wilson, Ariel Hernandez-Leyva, Drew J Schwartz, Leonard B. Bacharier, A. Kau","doi":"10.1093/femsmc/xtae010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/femsmc/xtae010","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Asthma is a common allergic airway disease that has been associated with the development of the human microbiome early in life. Both the composition and function of the infant gut microbiota have been linked to asthma risk, but functional alterations in the gut microbiota of older patients with established asthma remain an important knowledge gap. Here, we performed whole metagenomic shotgun sequencing of 95 stool samples from a cross-sectional cohort of 59 healthy and 36 subjects with moderate-to-severe asthma to characterize the metagenomes of gut microbiota in adults and children 6 years and older. Mapping of functional orthologs revealed that asthma contributes to 2.9% of the variation in metagenomic content even when accounting for other important clinical demographics. Differential abundance analysis showed an enrichment of long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) metabolism pathways which have been previously implicated in airway smooth muscle and immune responses in asthma. We also observed increased richness of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in people with asthma. Several differentially abundant ARGs in the asthma cohort encode resistance to macrolide antibiotics, which are often prescribed to patients with asthma. Lastly, we found that ARG and virulence factor (VF) richness in the microbiome were correlated in both cohorts. ARG and VF pairs co-occurred in both cohorts suggesting that virulence and antibiotic resistance traits are co-selected and maintained in the fecal microbiota of people with asthma. Overall, our results show functional alterations via LCFA biosynthetic genes and increases in antibiotic resistance genes in the gut microbiota of subjects with moderate-to-severe asthma and could have implications for asthma management and treatment.","PeriodicalId":73024,"journal":{"name":"FEMS microbes","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140259574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparative assessment of Nanotrap and polyethylene glycol-based virus concentration in wastewater samples 废水样本中纳米诱捕器和聚乙二醇病毒浓度的比较评估

FEMS microbes Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtae007

K. Farkas, J. Kevill, Rachel C Williams, Igor Pântea, Nicola Ridding, Kathryn Lambert-Slosarska, Nick Woodhall, Jasmine M S Grimsley, Matthew J. Wade, Andrew C. Singer, Andrew J Weightman, Gareth Cross, Davey L Jones

{"title":"Comparative assessment of Nanotrap and polyethylene glycol-based virus concentration in wastewater samples","authors":"K. Farkas, J. Kevill, Rachel C Williams, Igor Pântea, Nicola Ridding, Kathryn Lambert-Slosarska, Nick Woodhall, Jasmine M S Grimsley, Matthew J. Wade, Andrew C. Singer, Andrew J Weightman, Gareth Cross, Davey L Jones","doi":"10.1093/femsmc/xtae007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/femsmc/xtae007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Wastewater-based epidemiology is now widely used in many countries for the routine monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses at a community level. However, efficient sample processing technologies are still under investigation. In this study, we compared the performance of the novel Nanotrap® Microbiome Particles (NMP) concentration method to the commonly used polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation method for concentrating viruses from wastewater and their subsequent quantification and sequencing. For this, we first spiked wastewater with SARS-CoV-2, influenza and measles viruses and norovirus and found that the NMP method recovered 0.4–21% of them depending on virus type, providing consistent and reproducible results. Using the NMP and PEG methods, we monitored SARS-CoV-2, influenza A and B viruses, RSV, enteroviruses and norovirus GI and GII and crAssphage in wastewater using quantitative PCR (qPCR)-based methods and next-generation sequencing. Good viral recoveries were observed for highly abundant viruses using both methods; however, PEG precipitation was more successful in the recovery of low-abundance viruses present in wastewater. Furthermore, samples processed with PEG precipitation were more successfully sequenced for SARS-CoV-2 than those processed with the NMP method. Virus recoveries were enhanced by high sample volumes when PEG precipitation was applied. Overall, our results suggest that the NMP concentration method is a rapid and easy virus concentration method for viral targets that are abundant in wastewater, whereas PEG precipitation may be more suited to the recovery and analysis of low-abundance viruses and for next generation sequencing.","PeriodicalId":73024,"journal":{"name":"FEMS microbes","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140263873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of proteinaceous toxins secreted by Staphylococcus aureus in interbacterial competition. 金黄色葡萄球菌分泌的蛋白类毒素在细菌间竞争中的作用。

FEMS microbes Pub Date : 2024-02-28 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtae006

Stephen R Garrett, Tracy Palmer

{"title":"The role of proteinaceous toxins secreted by Staphylococcus aureus in interbacterial competition.","authors":"Stephen R Garrett, Tracy Palmer","doi":"10.1093/femsmc/xtae006","DOIUrl":"10.1093/femsmc/xtae006","url":null,"abstract":"Staphylococcus aureus is highly adapted to colonization of the mammalian host. In humans the primary site of colonization is the epithelium of the nasal cavity. A major barrier to colonization is the resident microbiota, which have mechanisms to exclude S. aureus. As such, S. aureus has evolved mechanisms to compete with other bacteria, one of which is through secretion of proteinaceous toxins. S. aureus strains collectively produce a number of well-characterized Class I, II, and IV bacteriocins as well as several bacteriocin-like substances, about which less is known. These bacteriocins have potent antibacterial activity against several Gram-positive organisms, with some also active against Gram-negative species. S. aureus bacteriocins characterized to date are sporadically produced, and often encoded on plasmids. More recently the type VII secretion system (T7SS) of S. aureus has also been shown to play a role in interbacterial competition. The T7SS is encoded by all S. aureus isolates and so may represent a more widespread mechanism of competition used by this species. T7SS antagonism is mediated by the secretion of large protein toxins, three of which have been characterized to date: a nuclease toxin, EsaD; a membrane depolarizing toxin, TspA; and a phospholipase toxin, TslA. Further study is required to decipher the role that these different types of secreted toxins play in interbacterial competition and colonization of the host.","PeriodicalId":73024,"journal":{"name":"FEMS microbes","volume":"5 ","pages":"xtae006"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10941976/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140144687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prevalence of diverse antimicrobial resistance genes and bacteria in sewage treatment plant-derived sludge environment. 污水处理厂污泥环境中各种抗菌药耐药性基因和细菌的流行情况。

FEMS microbes Pub Date : 2024-02-28 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtae004

Mrinmoy Patra, Bhavana Pandey, Suresh Kumar Dubey

{"title":"Prevalence of diverse antimicrobial resistance genes and bacteria in sewage treatment plant-derived sludge environment.","authors":"Mrinmoy Patra, Bhavana Pandey, Suresh Kumar Dubey","doi":"10.1093/femsmc/xtae004","DOIUrl":"10.1093/femsmc/xtae004","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) contamination in the environment is one of the most significant worldwide threats of the 21st century. Since sludge is heavily exposed to diverse contaminants, including pharmaceuticals, the inhabitant bacterial population is expected to exhibit resistance to antimicrobial agents. In this study, sewage treatment plant (STP) sludge samples were analyzed to assess the antibiotic-resistant bacterial population, abundance of AMR genes (ermF, qnrS, Sul1, blaGES, blaCTX-M, and blaNDM), and mobile genetic elements (intl1 and IS26). Out of 16, six bacterial isolates exhibited resistance to 13 antibiotics with a high multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) (0.93) and high metal tolerance. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed the abundance of target genes ranging from 6.6 × 103 to 6.5 × 108 copies g-1 sludge. The overall outcome reveals that STP sludge comprised varied multidrug-resistant bacterial populations. It will give insights into the functions of heavy metals and biofilm development in the selection and spread of AMR genes and the associated bacteria. Therefore, the application of sludge needs proper screening for AMR and metal contamination prior to its countless applications. This study will contribute immensely to the risk analysis of STP effluents on environmental health, including control of AMR transmission.","PeriodicalId":73024,"journal":{"name":"FEMS microbes","volume":"5 ","pages":"xtae004"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10923292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140095256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0