Extracellular vesicle最新文献

{"title":"Therapeutic potential of Lycium barbarum-derived exosome-like nanovesicles in combating photodamage and enhancing skin barrier repair","authors":"Ye Zhang,&nbsp;Bo Zhao,&nbsp;Jing Wang,&nbsp;Zeyi Zhang,&nbsp;Meiping Shen,&nbsp;Chengjie Ren,&nbsp;Mimi Li,&nbsp;Melanie Liu,&nbsp;Zhicheng You,&nbsp;Ping Li","doi":"10.1016/j.vesic.2025.100072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vesic.2025.100072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the efficacy of <em>Lycium barbarum</em> L.-derived exosome-like nanovesicles (LB-EVs) in reinforcing skin barrier function were evaluated. Using a 3D skin model, expression levels of skin barrier proteins such as filaggrin, loricrin and claudin-1 were found to be modulated favorably upon treatment with LB-EVs, suggesting a role in maintaining cutaneous homeostasis. Additionally, we observed upregulated aquaporin 3 (AQP3) expression and increased natural moisturizing factor (NMF) components, indicating improved skin hydration. A split-face clinical trial involving individuals with sensitive skin revealed that incorporating LB-EVs into a cosmetic serum matrix led to reduced facial redness and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) compared to the control group. Two-photon imaging further demonstrated thickening of the stratum corneum on the treated side after 14 days of application, suggesting enhanced barrier integrity. The findings from this study highlight the potential of LB-EVs to fortify the skin's protective barrier, providing a novel therapeutic strategy for the management of photodamage and the enhancement of skin health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73007,"journal":{"name":"Extracellular vesicle","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100072"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Head-to-head comparison of extracellular vesicles from different cell sources for cardiac repair","authors":"Kaiyue Zhang,&nbsp;Ke Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.vesic.2025.100068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vesic.2025.100068","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73007,"journal":{"name":"Extracellular vesicle","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100068"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma extracellular vesicle cargo microRNAs are associated with heart failure and cardiovascular death following acute coronary syndrome","authors":"Worawan B. Limpitikul ,&nbsp;Michael G. Silverman ,&nbsp;Nedyalka Valkov ,&nbsp;Jeong-Gun Park ,&nbsp;Ashish Yeri ,&nbsp;Fernando Camacho Garcia ,&nbsp;Guoping Li ,&nbsp;Priyanka Gokulnath ,&nbsp;Marta Garcia-Contreras ,&nbsp;Eric Alsop ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Hutchins ,&nbsp;Michail Spanos ,&nbsp;Claire Lin ,&nbsp;Kriti Bomb ,&nbsp;Anthony Rosenzweig ,&nbsp;Raymond Kwong ,&nbsp;Kendall van-Keuren Jensen ,&nbsp;James L. Januzzi Jr. ,&nbsp;Ravi Shah ,&nbsp;David A. Morrow ,&nbsp;Saumya Das","doi":"10.1016/j.vesic.2025.100070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vesic.2025.100070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><div>Patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) are at risk for long-term sequelae related to adverse ventricular remodeling including heart failure (HF) and cardiovascular death. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have the potential to serve as biomarkers associated with the pathogenesis of ventricular remodeling. This study aims to identify and characterize plasma miRNAs associated with HF and cardiovascular death.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The association between 21 candidate miRNAs and HF or cardiovascular death was evaluated in 4541 patients from the Metabolic Efficiency with Ranolazine for Less Ischemia in Non-ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes (MERLIN)-TIMI 36 trial using samples from the time of index hospitalization for ACS. Associations between each miRNA and the composite endpoint of hospitalization for HF or cardiovascular death (HHF/CVD) were estimated in Cox proportional hazards models. The top candidate miRNAs were validated in an independent cohort of patients hospitalized for ACS using complementary methods for isolation of extracellular RNA carriers.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Over 12 months in MERLIN-TIMI 36, 313 individuals met the primary endpoint. In total, 11 miRNAs were associated with HHF/CVD. After adjustment for clinical factors and established biomarkers, miR-223-3p (hazard ratio 0.81 [95% confidence interval: 0.60–1.09], 0.62 [0.45–0.87], and 0.61 [0.43–0.85] for the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartiles, respectively) and miR-378c (0.96 [0.65–1.42], 1.14 [0.78–1.66], and 1.39 [0.97–1.98], for the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartiles, respectively) were independently associated with the risk of HHF/CVD. In an independent validation cohort of 27 patients hospitalized with ACS, we found that both miRNAs were identified in different RNA-carrying extracellular particles in plasma, including extracellular vesicles (EVs) and nonvesicular extracellular nanoparticles (NVEPs) including exomeres and supermeres. Both miR-223-3p and 378c were more enriched in small EVs (sEVs) compared to NVEPs. In concordance with the direction of the associations observed in MERLIN-TIMI 36 with HHF, the level of miR-223-3p in sEVs and exomeres was positively associated with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) post-ACS while the level of miR-378c in sEVs was negatively associated with LVEF in the acute phase.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Circulating miRNAs 223-3p and 378c were associated with the risk of HHF/CVD after adjustment for clinical factors and established cardiovascular biomarkers. Carrier-specific measurement of these miRNAs may emerge as novel minimally invasive biomarkers for post-ACS cardiac remodeling and shed light on potentially new targetable pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73007,"journal":{"name":"Extracellular vesicle","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100070"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A method for isolating small extracellular vesicles from parenchymal tissues","authors":"Yanan Sun ,&nbsp;Junqing An ,&nbsp;Jie Yuan ,&nbsp;Chaoshan Han ,&nbsp;Gangjian Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.vesic.2025.100069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vesic.2025.100069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extracellular vesicles (EV) are released by almost all cells into the extracellular space, where they navigate through the interstitium or transfer bioactive molecules into neighboring cells, thereby regulating tissue homeostasis. Small EV (sEV) generally refer to EV with a diameter of less than 200 nm, which include exosomes formed in the endosomal system and small ectosomes assembled at and released from the plasma membrane. While techniques for isolating sEV from large body fluids auch as blood and urine are relatively well-developed, isolating sEV from solid organs remains challenging. This is because the preparations are often seen contaminated with <em>intracellular</em> vesicles due to cell breakage resulting from the treatments used to release sEV from the extracellular matrix. Here, we introduce a new gentle method that allows for the reliable isolation of sEV from heart and liver tissues with high purity and yield. The protocol involves an initial treatment of tissues with selected collagenase, followed by consecutive differential centrifugation and density-gradient ultracentrifugation to separate sEV from cells and large EV (lEV), and further density-gradient ultracentrifugation to fractionate sEV subpopulations. Characterization of the preparations reveals markedly enhanced cellular survival and reduced co-purification of extracellular non-vesicular particles as well as subcellular organelles. Moreover, we found that sEV isolated from heart, liver, and plasma are similar in morphology and size, but differ in density and protein marker distributions among sEV subpopulations. Our method may facilitate the isolation of sEV from solid tissues with better quality for further molecular characterization and functional studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73007,"journal":{"name":"Extracellular vesicle","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100069"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143474562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exosomal delivery of IL-10: Biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and preterm birth prevention strategies","authors":"Brinley Harrington ,&nbsp;Tilu Jain Thomas ,&nbsp;Madhuri Tatiparthy,&nbsp;Awanit Kumar,&nbsp;Lauren Richardson,&nbsp;Ramkumar Menon,&nbsp;Ananth Kumar Kammala","doi":"10.1016/j.vesic.2025.100066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vesic.2025.100066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the potential of extracellular vesicles (EVs) loaded with interleukin-10 (IL-10) to reduce infection-induced preterm birth (PTB). IL-10 has shown promise in reducing PTB by dampening inflammatory responses, but challenges exist with intraamniotic administration. The study evaluates IL-10 gene-transfected cell-produced EVs containing IL-10 (tIL-10), comparing them with recombinant IL-10 (rIL-10) and rIL-10 incorporated in EVs via electroporation (eIL-10). Characterization of tIL-10 includes size, shape, and molecular markers. Functional assays demonstrate tIL-10's ability to reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine production and extend half-life, with biodistribution in maternal and fetal tissues. The study findings indicate that tIL-10 displays an average size of 108.7 ± 20.5 nm, round with a diameter of ∼0.12 μm, and expresses EV markers CD9 and CD81, containing IL-10 cargo. In vitro, LPS stimulation demonstrates that tIL-10 significantly reduces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 from maternal decidual cells. Biodistribution studies reveal tIL-10 presence in placental and fetal membranes within 5 min, persisting for up to 3 h. Pharmacokinetic studies using non-compartmental analysis of plasma data, and the linear trapezoidal method establish key pharmacologic parameters for each drug. Pharmacological findings establish eIL-10 and tIL-10's ability to significantly delay PTB onset after E. coli exposure. These findings underscore the potential of tIL-10 as an effective therapeutic agent for PTB, with implications for clinical practice and further research in reproductive pharmacology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73007,"journal":{"name":"Extracellular vesicle","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100066"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143103009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of robust and abundant reference transcripts for EV mRNA cargo normalization","authors":"Antje M. Zickler ,&nbsp;Radosław Grochowski ,&nbsp;André Görgens ,&nbsp;Erik Bäcklin ,&nbsp;Maximilian Kordes ,&nbsp;J.-Matthias Löhr ,&nbsp;Joel Z. Nordin ,&nbsp;Samir EL Andaloussi ,&nbsp;Daniel W. Hagey","doi":"10.1016/j.vesic.2025.100065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vesic.2025.100065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been investigated intensively because of their potential as biomarkers of disease and their versatility as bioengineered therapeutic nanoparticles. EVs carry diverse biomolecular cargo, but absolute quantification has been challenging due to a lack of established molecular standards. Reliable identification of these has proven difficult owing to a scarcity of standardized global data sets spanning the heterogeneity of EV subtypes and cell sources. To identify reference messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts, we analyze oligo-dT primed RNA-sequencing data from EVs originating from twelve different cell sources isolated using differential centrifugation followed by ultrafiltration. We identify 11 transcripts that are shared amongst the 50 most abundant in EVs from all of these cell sources. Following RT-PCR and deeper sequencing analysis, five transcripts warranted further investigation as molecular standards: TMSB4X, ACTB, GAPDH, VIM, and FTL. As such, we subjected the RT-qPCR results from two independent oligo-dT cDNA synthesis methods to stability assessment using the RefFinder analysis tool, conducted a proof-of-concept normalization on the levels of the variably expressed gene RAB13 and compared quantification of engineered mRNA loading with that of digital PCR. We confirmed the EV association of reference transcripts with EVs by performing gradient centrifugation followed by RT-qPCR and full-length mRNA analysis. To judge the applicability of these genes as reference transcripts for biomarker studies, we performed RNA-sequencing on EVs isolated from plasma by differential ultracentrifugation, and four other minimally processed biofluids. These findings confirm the applicability of these genes as molecular standards for EV-mRNA analysis and will aid in the standardization of EV research by establishing molecular reference genes that can be employed in diverse contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73007,"journal":{"name":"Extracellular vesicle","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100065"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143103004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vivo trafficking of cancer-derived exosomes and their role in metastasis","authors":"Shih-Yen Wei ,&nbsp;Sarah E. Shelton ,&nbsp;Ying-Chieh Chen ,&nbsp;Ke Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.vesic.2024.100063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vesic.2024.100063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cancer metastasis is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality. This process is driven by a combination of biological processes including invasion, intravasation, circulation, extravasation, and colonization of distant organs, among which cancer cell-derived exosomes facilitate metastasis through their enriched oncogenic miRNAs and lncRNAs to enhance cancer cell migration and invasion, promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition in recipient cells, help cancer cells evade immune detection, and alter the microenvironment to promote the formation of a pre-metastatic niche. While the role of cancer exosomes in various metastatic processes has been extensively studied, the exosomal trafficking of cancer cell-derived exosomes has not been thoroughly reviewed. This review describes the dynamics between cancer cell-derived exosomes and various cellular components in blood and lymph circulation during cancer metastasis. Additionally, we emphasize the role of cancer exosomes in establishing pre-metastatic niches and in promoting metastasis to secondary sites. By offering a thorough review of exosome trafficking in cancer metastasis, this review may potentially help the future identification of treatment targets for metastasis inhibition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73007,"journal":{"name":"Extracellular vesicle","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100063"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143103005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Packaging of humanized anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody into small extracellular vesicles","authors":"Junxin Mai ,&nbsp;Yuanmei Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhixuan Liang ,&nbsp;Wei Xu ,&nbsp;Qian Shao ,&nbsp;Jingwen Peng ,&nbsp;Jing Chen ,&nbsp;Yuting Shentu ,&nbsp;Zixin Chen ,&nbsp;Juling Ji ,&nbsp;Yuhua Ji ,&nbsp;Qiuling Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.vesic.2024.100064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vesic.2024.100064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), including exosomes and microvesicles (MVs), are nano-sized membranous particles shed by almost all cell types. Both play significant roles in cellular communication by transferring proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and metabolites to recipient cells and impact a broad range of pathophysiological processes, whereby they hold great promise in clinical application as therapeutic cargo carriers. Previous studies have shown that the membrane antibodies on exosomes derived from primary B cells, B cell lines, and hybridoma can present antigen-induced T cell responses. However, whether secretory antibodies can be released by sEVs and play a biological role has been unclear. Antibody against human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2 antibody) is a humanized monoclonal IgG antibody. In this study, by using a CHO cell line expressing recombinant anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody (CHO-HER2), we demonstrated the packaging of the intact HER2 antibodies in the sEVs (sEVs-HER2), and the involvement of endocytosis in their anti-proliferation effects on the BT474 cells, a HER2-overexpressing cell line. Further unbiased proteomic analysis showed that the heavy and light chains of IgG were the most abundant sEVs proteins and revealed that besides endosomal and lysosomes proteins, the proteins involved in the Golgi apparatus were significantly enriched in sEVs-HER2. Brefeldin A (BFA), a potent inhibitor of protein trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus, significantly suppressed the titer of anti-HER2 antibody in both supernatant and sEVs-HER2. Moreover, the HER2 antibodies in the sEVs could be significantly suppressed by Tipifarnib and Y27632, inhibitors targeting exosomes and MV biogenesis/release, respectively. This study demonstrated that the secretory HER2 antibody could be packaged into sEVs and maintain its anti-proliferation activity. Moreover, this study suggested that the HER2 antibodies could be packaged in both exosomes and MVs and the involvement of the Golgi pathway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73007,"journal":{"name":"Extracellular vesicle","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100064"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143103006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping growth and trajectory in the field of extracellular vesicles: A scientometric analysis","authors":"Liam Hourigan ,&nbsp;William Phillips ,&nbsp;Amirmohammad Nasiri Kenari ,&nbsp;Krishna Chaitanya Pavani ,&nbsp;Chaomei Chen ,&nbsp;An Hendrix ,&nbsp;Lesley Cheng ,&nbsp;Andrew F. Hill","doi":"10.1016/j.vesic.2024.100062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vesic.2024.100062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a diverse population of membrane bound particles released by cells. They play roles in a variety of diseases and biological functions, piquing the interest of researchers and industry alike. The field is often described as undergoing ‘explosive growth’, however this growth has not been characterized in depth. Scientometrics is a quantitative approach for analyzing scientific works, allowing for a broadly focused review of the EV field. Drawing on 52210 publications from the Web of Science, this review charts the field's using the programs CiteSpace and Bibliometrix. These analyses are further enriched with data from the Dimensions database along with data from EV-TRACK, an EV-specific data source. We thoroughly describe the field's various subdomains, identifying their different lines of inquiry, their variable use of nomenclature and their progression along the translational pipeline. Cancer features prominently alongside other diseases and conditions, with the majority of research having a basic aetiological focus. These subdomains are compared against a global map of science, revealing a stable and substantial EV research community revolving around the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles ISEV and the ‘MISEV paradigm’. A shared framework of knowledge and communication, grounded in the field's history and guiding its future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73007,"journal":{"name":"Extracellular vesicle","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100062"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143103007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles in inflammatory diseases","authors":"Xiaojian Huang ,&nbsp;Shen Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhenzhen Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.vesic.2024.100058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vesic.2024.100058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extracellular vesicles are spherical lipid bilayer vesicles composed of lipids, proteins and nucleic acids that could deliver signaling molecules into target cells to regulate their function and biological processes. Recently, increasing numbers of studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in inflammatory diseases by migrating the inflammatory responses and ameliorating physiological deteriorations, as well as promoting angiogenesis and mediating immune responses. In this review, we mainly focused on the biological and molecular functions of EVs in anti-inflammatory activity and their protective roles in many kinds of inflammation diseases, including pneumonia, neuroinflammatory diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular disease, dry eye disease, periodontitis, diabetic wounds and systemic lupus erythematosus. Furthermore, we further summarized the underlying therapeutic mechanisms of EVs in inflammatory diseases and discussed the current challenges and future perspectives of EVs in clinical applications, providing an insight into the potential of EVs as therapeutic agent for other diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73007,"journal":{"name":"Extracellular vesicle","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100058"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143103008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}