Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy最新文献

{"title":"Out-of-pocket prescription medicine expenditure amongst community-dwelling adults: Findings from the Irish longitudinal study on ageing (TILDA) in 2016","authors":"James Larkin ,&nbsp;Ciaran Prendergast ,&nbsp;Logan T. Murry ,&nbsp;Michelle Flood ,&nbsp;Barbara Clyne ,&nbsp;Sara Burke ,&nbsp;Conor Keegan ,&nbsp;Fiona Boland ,&nbsp;Tom Fahey ,&nbsp;Nav Persaud ,&nbsp;Rose Anne Kenny ,&nbsp;Frank Moriarty","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The number of prescription medicines prescribed to older adults is increasing in Ireland and other countries. This is leading to higher out-of-pocket prescription medicine expenditure for older adults, which has several negative consequences including cost-related non-adherence. This study aimed to characterise out-of-pocket prescription medicine payments, and examine their relationship with entitlements, multimorbidity and adherence.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study used 2016 data from a nationally-representative sample of adults in Ireland aged ≥50 years. Descriptive statistics and regression models were used to describe out-of-pocket prescription medicine payments and assess the association between out-of-pocket prescription medicine payments and the following variables: healthcare entitlements, multimorbidity, and cost-related non-adherence.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were 5,668 eligible participants. Median annual out-of-pocket prescription medicine expenditure was €144 (IQR: €0–€312). A generalised linear model showed that, amongst those with out-of-pocket prescription medicine expenditure, having fewer healthcare entitlements was associated with 4.74 (95%CI: 4.37–5.15) times higher out-of-pocket prescription medicine expenditure. Overall, 1.7% (<em>n</em> = 89) of participants reported cost-related non-adherence in the previous year. A multivariable model examining cost-related non-adherence found a significant association only for those prescribed 4–5 regular medications (compared to 3 medications) (OR: 1.87, 95%CI: 1.02–3.42).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Those with entitlements to subsidised prescription medicines had much lower out-of-pocket prescription medicine expenditure. This highlights the benefits of expanding healthcare entitlements and ensuring uptake of entitlements by those with eligibility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100565"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143149835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hospital pharmacy implementation of a unit dose dispensing system: A qualitative interview study to determine experiences, views and attitudes of nursing staff","authors":"Theodora Steindl-Schönhuber ,&nbsp;Theresa Drechsel ,&nbsp;Gunda Gittler ,&nbsp;Anita Elaine Weidmann","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Evolving automated technologies in the dispensing process promise effective solution to reduce medication error rates. The Unit-Dose-Dispensing-System (UDDS) is an essential element of the “Closed Loop Medication Management System” that enables the tracking of single medication items across the entire medication workflow thereby improving transparency, patient safety and healthcare efficiency”.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The aim of this study was to determine hospital nurses' attitudes towards the unit dose dispensing system implemented by the hospital pharmacy department, examine their perceptions of opportunities and barriers in everyday practice and explore their experiences with its implementation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A qualitative interview study with 23 nurses from the Barmherzige Brüder Hospital Linz, Austria was conducted. The validated and piloted semi-structured interview guide was based on best practice guidelines for qualitative interview studies and the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Interviews were transcribed verbatim and mapped against the Framework of Implementation of Services in Pharmacy (FISpH) by two researchers independently.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty-three nurses were interviewed. Despite the overwhelmingly positive experiences with ease of use, resultant time saving, improved collaboration, patient safety, patient autonomy and a better facilitated discharge process considered as some of the positive attributes, several barriers were identified. Nurses commented on a lack in standardised workflow, erosion of knowledge and sustainability.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Nurses highlighted key factors for implementation success and advantages of the unit dose dispensing system, suggesting a need to adapt to local conditions and full electronic integration into patient care. Suggestions to further improve the reliability and efficiency were made.</div></div><div><h3>What does this paper contribute to the wider global clinical community?</h3><div><ul><li><span>•</span><span><div>There is no research qualitatively exploring the implementation facilitators and barriers of a unit dose dispensing system at hospital ward level from the nurses' perspectives.</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>Insights are provided into the significance of good collaboration between all ward staff to ensure the necessary workflow adaptations, the necessity of a seamlessly integrated IT system and the adaptability of the system depending on the patient population.</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>The findings highlight key factors for a successful implementation of a unit dose dispensing system at ward level while underlining its advantages for workload, staff shortages and patient safety.</div></span></li></ul></div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100566"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143149291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Medication-Related Burden Quality of Life (MRB-QoL) tool: A confirmatory factor analysis of the Arabic version","authors":"Sundos Q. Al-Ebrahim ,&nbsp;Khadija Hafidh ,&nbsp;Mahir Jallo ,&nbsp;Mais M. Mauwfak ,&nbsp;Mohamed Nassef ,&nbsp;Hamzah Alzubaidi ,&nbsp;Jeff Harrison ,&nbsp;Timothy F. Chen ,&nbsp;Mohammed A. Mohammed","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The Medication-Related Burden Quality of Life (MRB-QoL) Arabic version is a 31-item valid and reliable measure of medication burden on functioning and well-being.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To examine the factor structure of the MRB-QoL Arabic in a sample of adults living with long-term conditions (LTC).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Three hundred forty-three patients (≥ 18 years old) living with at least one LTC were recruited from 4 tertiary hospitals in the United Arab Emirates. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed using Maximum likelihood estimation with bootstrap. Two models (first order and second order) were examined. Model fit indices, composite reliability (CR), and average variance extracted (AVE) were used to assess the model's goodness of fit, reliability, and convergent/discriminant validity, respectively. The model's fit was evaluated using absolute fit, comparative fit, and parsimony-adjusted indices. The RMSEA and SRMR ≤0.08, χ²/df &lt; 5, and CFI, IFI, and TLI ≥ 0.90 were considered indicators of good model fit. PNFI and PCFI &gt;0.5 were also considered as indicators of good fit. CR ≥ 0.7, AVE ≥ 0.5, and AVE greater than squared factors correlation were considered as evidence indicating reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The first-order model showed an excellent fit (χ2/df = 3.262, RMSEA = 0.08, SRMR = 0.05, CFI = 0.913, TLI = 0.914, IFI = 0.914, PNFI = 0.810, PCFI = 0.841) as did the second-order model (χ2/df = 2.845, RMSEA = 0.073, SRMR = 0.072, CFI = 0.934, TLI = 0.923, IFI = 0.915, PNFI = 0.820, PCFI = 0.851). All domains of the MRB-QoL met the convergent/discriminant validity and reliability criteria.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The study supports the factor structure from previous research and confirms the MRB-QoL Arabic as a valid and reliable measure. This tool can be used to assess medicines burden from patient perspectives and facilitate person-centred care in medicines optimisation services across Arabic-speaking countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100568"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143149823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring potential drug-drug interactions in discharge prescriptions: ChatGPT's effectiveness in assessing those interactions","authors":"Rahi Bikram Thapa ,&nbsp;Subash Karki ,&nbsp;Sabin Shrestha","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Potential drug-drug interactions (pDDIs) pose substantial risks in clinical practice, leading to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Tools like Micromedex drug-drug interaction checker are commonly used to screen for pDDIs, yet emerging AI models, such as ChatGPT, offer the potential for supplementary pDDI prediction. However, the accuracy and reliability of these AI tools in a clinical context remain largely untested.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study evaluates pDDIs in discharge prescriptions for medical ward patients and assesses ChatGPT-4.0's effectiveness in predicting these interactions compared to Micromedex drug-drug interaction checker.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted over three months with 301 discharged patients. pDDIs were identified using Micromedex drug-drug interaction checker, detailing each interaction's occurrence, severity, onset, and documentation. ChatGPT-4.0 predictions were then analyzed against Micromedex data. Binary logistic regression analysis was applied to assess the influence of predictor variables in the occurrence of pDDIs.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>1551 drugs were prescribed to 301 patients, averaging 5.15 per patient. pDDIs were detected in 60.13 % of patients, averaging 3.17 pDDIs per patient, ChatGPT-4.0 accurately identified pDDIs (100 % for occurrence) but had limited accuracy for severity (37.3 %) and moderate accuracy for onset (65.2 %). The most frequent major interaction was between Cefuroxime Axetil and Pantoprazole Sodium. Polypharmacy significantly increased the risk of pDDIs (OR: 3.960, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>pDDIs are prevalent in internal medicine discharge prescriptions, with polypharmacy heightening the risk. While ChatGPT 4.0 accurately identifies pDDI occurrence, its limitations in predicting severity, onset, and documentation underscore healthcare professionals' need for careful oversight.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100564"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11786904/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143082480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transitioning to quick response codes for patient information leaflet delivery.","authors":"Githa Singh,&nbsp;Sarel J. Brand,&nbsp;Vanessa Steenkamp","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100563","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The inclusion of a patient information leaflet (PIL) in medicine packaging is a legal requirement in most countries.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the feasibility of using quick response (QR) codes for electronic patient information leaflet (ePIL) delivery.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A mixed-method study based on surveys was conducted at the Tshwane District Hospital in South Africa. The demographics, ability and willingness of patients (330) and pharmacy staff (16) to scan a QR code for a commonly prescribed medicine was captured. A focus group study among 18 regulatory affairs pharmacists gauged their perception of ease of implementation of QR codes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 330 patients, most were 26–55 years of age (67 %) and 70 % were female. Irrespective of patient age and gender, &gt;80 % were willing/ able to scan the QR code and preferred the ePIL (35 %) or ePIL with a hardcopy (45 %). Patients (&gt;96 %) found it easy to read the ePIL (<em>C</em> = 0.487, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and locate the information sought (<em>C</em> = 0.521, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). This sentiment was shared by dispensing pharmacy staff: easier to read (<em>C</em> = 0.746, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) and locate information (<em>C</em> = 0.630, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), with 69 % preferring either the ePIL or ePIL with a hardcopy. All the regulatory affairs pharmacists preferred the ePIL and indicated that it was easy to create a QR code for ePILs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Patients, dispensing pharmacy staff, and regulatory affairs pharmacists are willing to transition to ePILs. This makes going green and updating information in real time possible.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100563"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11786840/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143082488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Qualitative analysis to explore the barriers and facilitators around the implementation of automated dispensing cabinets at a large NHS Trust in England","authors":"Melanie Dalby ,&nbsp;Ali Alazab ,&nbsp;Navila Talib Chaudhry","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Automated dispensing cabinets (ADCs) as a tool to store and manage medication are becoming more widely used in healthcare settings. Although there is literature surrounding their effectiveness at reducing medication error and time for nursing and pharmacy staff, there is little information on how to implement ADCs on a large scale in a busy working clinical environment. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively determine the enablers and barriers to the implementation of ADCs in a hospital setting.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants were selected through purposeful sampling and invited to attend online focus groups and interviews via Microsoft Teams. These were recorded and transcribed. Two facilitators independently reviewed the transcriptions, coded and developed themes using Nvivo.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were 18 participants that took part in four focus groups and three interviews. These participants were from the pharmacy department, nursing, estates and the external porter company used for medication and supply. Nine themes and 31 sub-themes were identified from the data. The nine themes were; overall thoughts, strategy of implementation, stakeholder engagement, training, workflow changes, environment, evaluation, challenges and solutions to challenges.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study has provided new insight into the required elements for implementing a large scale piece of new technology into a hospital setting. The data complemented other studies such as the challenges with staff training and the importance of ongoing optimisation of the ADCs post implementation. Key recommendations for others looking to implement ADCs include utilising videos and written materials for training early on and including nursing staff in the core project implementation team as well introducing mock cabinets for staff to practice on.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100562"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143149822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers and facilitators to community pharmacist-provided injectable naltrexone for formerly incarcerated individuals during community reentry","authors":"Jason S. Chladek ,&nbsp;Michelle A. Chui","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100561","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100561","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), including injectable naltrexone, are a key component in the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD). These medications are especially important for individuals transitioning out of correctional facilities and back into their communities. Unfortunately, few formerly incarcerated individuals have access to MOUD upon reentry, incurring a 40-fold greater likelihood of overdose following release compared to the general population. In Wisconsin, community pharmacists have the authority to administer naltrexone injections. However, they have not been explored as a resource for improving access to this medication for this patient population.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>As a first step, the goal of this study was to understand the barriers and facilitators impacting the use of community pharmacist-provided injectable naltrexone by formerly incarcerated individuals during community reentry period.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>The researcher conducted semi-structured interviews with 18 individuals representing five stakeholder groups, including four MOUD prescribers, three community pharmacists, four correctional staff, four community organization or non-profit staff, and three individuals or family members/caregivers of individuals with a history of OUD and incarceration. Deductive and inductive content analysis were used to identify barrier and facilitator categories across the five levels of the Socioecological Model.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, participants discussed factors at every level, and many barriers and facilitators confirmed findings from existing literature focused on MOUD access for formerly incarcerated individuals. Participants also identified factors more specific to community pharmacies, including 1) lack of interagency collaboration between pharmacists, prescribers, and correctional facilities and 2) lack of awareness of community pharmacist-provided injectable naltrexone services.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Future research should explore interventions to address the barriers identified in this study and improve connections between community pharmacists and formerly incarcerated individuals. This work can help ensure that these individuals are given the chance to successfully reintegrate into their communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100561"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11786854/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143082467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A descriptive report on the impact of pharmacy workflows in the operational success of hospital at home implementation at a county academic hospital system","authors":"Jason N. Levy ,&nbsp;Joshua Wollen ,&nbsp;Phuoc Anne Nguyen ,&nbsp;Catina Brimmer ,&nbsp;Rohan Dwivedi ,&nbsp;Shane Tolleson","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The hospital at home (HaH) model has become more prevalent in the American healthcare system due to its ability to decrease acute care costs and readmission risk. Recent publications have provided guidance on optimizing medication management and patient safety by leveraging clinical pharmacy services. There is limited data on pharmacoeconomic impact of HaH implementation, specifically in underinsured patients.</div></div><div><h3>Objective(s)</h3><div>To describe the development of HaH-related pharmacy workflows and evaluate the operational success of the program in an underinsured patient population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This report describes HaH program implementation between August 1st, 2022, and March 19th, 2024. Patients were eligible for home treatment if they met geographic, clinical, financial, and social criteria.</div></div><div><h3>Outcomes</h3><div>The primary outcome measured was the quantity and cost of medication waste for patients treated at home. Secondary outcomes included HaH medication turnaround time, healthcare resource utilization, and patient safety. All study outcomes were reported using descriptive statistics.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Out of 450 patients screened, 3 met criteria and provided consent for HaH enrollment. The total cost of medication waste for all 3 patients was $41.15, and 21 out of 53 dispensed doses (40 %) were wasted. The mean medication verification time was 8.1 min, and the mean medication preparation time was 50.2 min.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Study data provides insight into enhancing dispensing practices while establishing the benefits pharmacists bring to the HaH care team. Future research should elaborate on other measures of operational success to identify optimal performance metrics to support expanding pharmaceutical services within the HaH care model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100560"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11770489/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143054437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a community pharmacy cardiovascular practice transformation (CPT) program on blood pressure","authors":"William R. Doucette ,&nbsp;Eilan Alhersh ,&nbsp;Lindsey Ludwig ,&nbsp;Stevie Veach","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To implement the Cardiovascular Practice Transformation (CPT) program and evaluate its impact on blood pressure, and to assess the feasibility of implementing the CPT program by identifying obstacles and facilitators.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-three Iowa pharmacies participated in the program, each monitoring approximately 10 hypertensive patients for 6 months. Pharmacists assessed blood pressure, medication adherence and addressed medication-related problems during patient visits. Pharmacists used a JotForm application to report patient demographics and care provided during visits. Also, blood pressure readings were collected or measured and reported. After six months, an online Qualtrics survey was sent to participating pharmacies to assess obstacles and facilitators to CPT program implementation. Descriptive statistics were calculated for the patient sample and paired <em>t</em>-tests compared baseline and final blood pressure readings. Frequencies were calculated for obstacles and facilitators.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 232 patients participated, with 138 patients having both baseline and follow-up blood pressure data. Systolic blood pressure decreased from 144.2 to 133.6 mmHg, and diastolic blood pressure decreased from 84.4 to 78.3 mmHg, with <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01 for both. Peer coaching and CPT resources were the main facilitators, while obstacles included documentation and staff time constraints.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Overall, the CPT program successfully supported pharmacies in improving blood pressure management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100559"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11750546/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143025897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, perceptions, facilitators, and barriers towards asthma self-management among patients: A systematic review of the literature","authors":"Saba Alyas ,&nbsp;Rabia Hussain ,&nbsp;Bayan Faisal Ababneh ,&nbsp;Siew Chin Ong ,&nbsp;Zaheer-Ud-Din Babar","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100558","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Asthma self-management is an effective approach that empowers patients with asthma to control their condition and reduce its impact on their daily lives.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This systematic review aims to synthesize evidence regarding the knowledge, perceptions, facilitators, and barriers related to asthma self-management among patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic literature search was conducted across five databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) using specific key terms. Studies that reported knowledge, perceptions, facilitators and barriers towards asthma self-management were included. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed to report this review. All the data from included studies were analyzed through narrative synthesis approach.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 17 studies were included in this review. The findings indicated that most patients had inadequate knowledge of asthma self-management, particularly regarding asthma fundamentals, and inhaler techniques. Patients' cultural beliefs, and perceived social stigma influenced their self-management practices. Facilitators of asthma self-management included strong partnerships with healthcare providers, social support, access to medication, and having a written asthma action plan. Conversely, poor communication with healthcare professionals, travel, smoking, and workplace challenges were identified as barriers.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>There is a pressing need for education and training programs to enhance understanding of the disease, and inhaler technique in patients with asthma. Healthcare professionals should create tailored asthma action plans according to patients' beliefs and needs. Moreover, healthcare policies should be developed to promote facilitators and address barriers, to ensure effective asthma management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100558"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11754813/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143030382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}