Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy最新文献

{"title":"Conceptualization of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 targeting nanomedicines.","authors":"Yilin Ma, Mengqin Guo, Yang Liu, Zhengwei Huang","doi":"10.37349/etat.2025.1002353","DOIUrl":"10.37349/etat.2025.1002353","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) is crucial in the progression of various cancers, participating in the processes of cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. FGFR1 plays a role in the resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as pembrolizumab and nivolumab. Therefore, using monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors to target FGFR1 and enhancing ICIs by modifying the tumor microenvironment and combating immune suppression represents a potential therapeutic strategy. Based on the FGFR1-related research and the active targeting strategy, we believe that modifying the surface of nanomedicines with anti-FGFR1 antibodies (such as OM-RCA-01) is an effective targeted treatment method for tumors with high expression of FGFR1. Although there have been relevant studies confirming the feasibility of this approach, there are challenges in clinical application, especially in terms of maintaining uniform quality during large-scale production. Therefore, we suggest conducting further optimization studies in the future to accelerate the clinical application of such drug delivery systems and provide more efficient and cost-effective options for tumor treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":73002,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy","volume":"6 ","pages":"1002353"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12715495/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145806586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing procedures for ocular radiation injury studies in the tree shrew.","authors":"Lauren A Dalvin, Kjersten J Anderson, Tommy A Rinkoski, David R Miley, Hien Ong, Angela M Schechinger, Cassandra A Fjeld, Catherine R Leblond, Mackenzie K Keown, Sierra D Palmer, Danielle M Burgenske, Brett L Carlson, Lauren L Ott, Brian C Samuels, Michael F Romero, Jann N Sarkaria, Felicia Duke Boynton, Gavin W Roddy","doi":"10.37349/etat.2025.1002352","DOIUrl":"10.37349/etat.2025.1002352","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radiation exposure to the eye during cancer treatment can lead to ocular radiation injury (ORI), a devastating condition that can have a profound and permanent impact on vision-related quality of life. Rodent models do not have adequate ocular anatomy to accurately simulate human ORI, and modeling in non-human primates is limited by logistical and ethical concerns. To improve future translational research investigating ways to treat or prevent ORI, we developed protocols for a tree shrew model of ORI. Northern tree shrews (<i>Tupaia belangeri</i>) were obtained by our laboratory. Custom housing and handling methods were developed, including custom body suits to maintain the tree shrew's body temperature during procedures. Radiation delivery was optimized to accurately deliver radiation, and imaging was performed to observe fundus changes from ORI. Optimization of tree shrew handling, housing, anesthesia approaches, radiation delivery, and clinically-relevant ocular imaging permitted successful induction and assessment of ORI in tree shrews. With these protocols, tree shrews can be used as a highly relevant model organism with key anatomic features similar to humans to study ORI.</p>","PeriodicalId":73002,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy","volume":"6 ","pages":"1002352"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12678160/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145702758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer vaccines: advances, hurdles, and future directions.","authors":"Panagiotis J Vlachostergios","doi":"10.37349/etat.2025.1002350","DOIUrl":"10.37349/etat.2025.1002350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Therapeutic cancer vaccines harness the adaptive immune system to eradicate malignancies by targeting tumor-specific antigens. This review charts the evolution of cancer vaccine platforms-from shared tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and dendritic cell (DC) vaccines to next-generation neoantigen-messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines-highlighting advances in vaccine delivery, antigen discovery, computational prediction, and translational efficacy. We explore cutting-edge clinical data, including long-lived T-cell memory and promising outcomes in various cancer types, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), melanoma, head and neck cancers, renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and others. We address critical challenges, including tumor heterogeneity, manufacturing scalability, biomarker development, and regulatory frameworks, and propose an integrated translational ecosystem to accelerate the adoption of personalized cancer vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":73002,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy","volume":"6 ","pages":"1002350"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12661406/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145650138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unmasking the microbiome: the hidden role of gut bacteria in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer and its prevention strategies.","authors":"Tallha W Khawaja, Lei Zhao, Raiq Siddiq, Mohammad U Ahmad, Caitlin P Burns, Jacob M Parker, Mark R Wakefield, Yujiang Fang","doi":"10.37349/etat.2025.1002351","DOIUrl":"10.37349/etat.2025.1002351","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant global health problem, ranking as the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the world. The highest incidence of CRC is found in developed regions, thus underlining its characterization as a Western disease. Major risk factors for CRC include an unhealthy diet, lack of physical exercise, and cigarette smoking. The gut microbiota refers to the complex community of microorganisms inhabiting the digestive tract and plays a crucial role in the maintenance of host health and modulation of immune responses. Gut dysbiosis can be caused by poor diet and alcohol consumption, increasing CRC risk. Specific bacteria, such as <i>Fusobacterium nucleatum</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i>, may have a close relationship with CRC development, while the beneficial bacteria are frequently depleted in CRC patients. This paper will discuss the mechanisms of colorectal carcinogenesis, focusing on the effects of bacterial genotoxins, immune evasion, inflammation, and diet. Additionally, it reviews preventative strategies including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotic supplements, and the method of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), showing their potential to improve overall gut health and reduce the risk for CRC. Understanding these mechanisms and implementing specific preventative strategies could significantly enhance clinical interventions and reduce the global burden of CRC.</p>","PeriodicalId":73002,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy","volume":"6 ","pages":"1002351"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12661407/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145650147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smart nanofluidic systems powered by DNA origami for targeted intracellular delivery: a newer approach.","authors":"Dilpreet Singh, Satvir Singh, Nitin Tandon, Neena Bedi","doi":"10.37349/etat.2025.1002349","DOIUrl":"10.37349/etat.2025.1002349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The convergence of DNA nanotechnology with nanofluidics has catalyzed a transformative shift in precision drug delivery. DNA origami, a self-assembled nanoscale architecture constructed via programmable base pairing, offers atomically precise control over size, shape, and function-making it an ideal scaffold for site-specific therapeutic cargo loading and release. When integrated into nanofluidic systems, these origami nanostructures form intelligent platforms capable of navigating biological barriers, sensing intracellular cues, and delivering payloads in a spatially and temporally controlled manner. This review explores the fabrication principles, design strategies, and intracellular trafficking mechanisms that underpin the efficacy of these smart nanofluidic DNA origami systems. We highlight key stimuli-responsive features such as pH-triggered unfolding, enzyme-cleavable hinges, redox-sensitive disassembly, and light-mediated gate release. Case studies from preclinical models demonstrate their superiority in overcoming drug resistance, enhancing tumor selectivity, and minimizing systemic toxicity compared to conventional nanocarriers. We also evaluate methods for surface modification, channel integration, and stimulus modulation using electron-beam lithography and soft lithography techniques. Additional biosafety and scalability challenges are discussed, alongside regulatory and immunogenicity considerations. The review concludes by outlining future directions involving AI-assisted DNA origami design, microfluidic diagnostics, and digital therapeutics. The synthesis of programmable nanocarriers with smart fluidic control represents a new frontier in targeted therapy, combining modularity, precision, and adaptability. As such, nanofluidic DNA origami systems hold immense promise for next-generation therapeutics in oncology, gene therapy, and personalized medicine, paving the way for dynamic and autonomous intracellular delivery platforms with real-world translational potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":73002,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy","volume":"6 ","pages":"1002349"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12635440/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145589652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of microbiota in the outcome of immune checkpoint inhibition therapy of cancer.","authors":"Ger T Rijkers, Yonah Langcauon, Pippe van Leersum, Lara Popović, Frans J van Overveld","doi":"10.37349/etat.2025.1002348","DOIUrl":"10.37349/etat.2025.1002348","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The realization that the composition and functionality of gut microbiota have an impact on the outcome of immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) therapy of cancer has initiated research into the potential of microbiota management as adjunctive therapy. Fecal microbiota transplantation can improve the outcome of ICI, but for optimal donor selection, safety, and large-scale implementation, there remain bottlenecks. Alternative strategies, such as the use of selected bacterial species, require fundamental knowledge of the underlying mechanisms governing the interaction between (intestinal) microbiota and the immune system. Gut microbiota also appears to be able to colonize the tumor microenvironment. Some bacterial species directly or indirectly promote tumor growth. Other defined species have tumoricidal properties. These findings and insights are now being used to further optimize the functionality of the immune system and shape the tumor microenvironment in order to improve the outcome of ICI.</p>","PeriodicalId":73002,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy","volume":"6 ","pages":"1002348"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12635439/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145589558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in lung cancer: a case series.","authors":"Abdul Wali Khan, Simran Chandra, Himil Mahadevia, Janakiraman Subramanian, Ben Ponvilawan, Dhruv Bansal","doi":"10.37349/etat.2025.1002347","DOIUrl":"10.37349/etat.2025.1002347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are established treatments for various malignancies, including lung, kidney, and colorectal cancers. However, their broad use has led to an increase in immune-related adverse events (irAEs), with thyroiditis, colitis, and pneumonitis being the most common. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare but severe irAE characterized by excessive immune activation, leading to systemic inflammation and multi-organ dysfunction. We present three cases of ICI-induced HLH in patients with lung cancer who were treated with ICIs. All patients showed elevated inflammatory markers and responded to high-dose corticosteroids without the addition of etoposide. These cases underscore the importance of early recognition and treatment of HLH in patients receiving ICIs to mitigate morbidity and mortality. Large-scale studies are needed to establish standardized guidelines for diagnosing and managing ICI-induced HLH.</p>","PeriodicalId":73002,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy","volume":"6 ","pages":"1002347"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12615973/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145543911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metal grafted graphene-based nanomaterials towards cancer theranostic efficacy.","authors":"Prashant H Gohil, Gopal Avashthi","doi":"10.37349/etat.2025.1002346","DOIUrl":"10.37349/etat.2025.1002346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer is one of the leading global causes of mortality and morbidity, so it needs early diagnosis and therapies. Traditional diagnostic and therapeutic strategies are inadequate due to several limitations, such as poor specificity, systemic toxicity, and delays, while metal-grafted Gr nanostructures have emerged as promising theranostic platforms due to their unique electronic, optical, and structural properties. Metals such as Fe₃O₄, Au, Ag, TiO₂, Pd, Pt, Bi, ZnO, and Cu grafted onto the Gr surface impart electronic modulation, enhance surface area, flexibility, conductivity, reactivity, biomolecular interactions, and biosensing, thereby enabling precise biomarker detection, targeted drug delivery, imaging, and photothermal/photodynamic therapy (PTT/PDT). Eco-friendly synthesis using plant extracts and microbes offers a sustainable and biocompatible alternative to conventional chemical synthesis. However, challenges remain, such as homogenous doping, synthetic complexity, long-term safety, and clinical scalability. Innovations such as scalable, cost-effective, biocompatible nanofibers, nanopapers, microfluidic, and wearable biosensors are being explored by incorporating AI and advanced diagnostic tools for advanced biomedical devices. In vitro, half maximum inhibitory concentrations (IC₅₀) studies show that size- and dose-dependent nanohybrids such as Fe₃O₄-Gr, γ-Fe₂O₃-Gr, Au-Gr, and Bi-Gr exhibited safer responses at lower concentrations 10-200 µg/mL across HBE, MCF-7, HeLa B, and LNCaP cell lines. Bi-Gr was tested on human liver cancer (HepG2) cell line, which exhibits higher reactivity despite a safer profile of Bi at ~53-88 µg/mL. Pd-Gr and Pt-Gr significantly reduced viability in prostate and ovarian cancer cells at 10-50 µg/mL, while ZnO-Gr, Ag-Gr, and Cu-Gr showed safer activity at lower concentrations on MCF-7. In vivo studies remain limited; median lethal dose (LD₅₀) values for Fe₃O₄-Gr and γ-Fe₂O₃-Gr were determined to be associated with rapid lethal biodistribution observed in the liver, lungs, and spleen. Metal-grafted Gr nanohybrids demonstrate immense potential for multifunctional cancer theranostics, though systematic in vivo toxicity studies still need to be explored by the intravenously administered route to lower the LD₅₀ of nanohybrids for their clinical translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":73002,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy","volume":"6 ","pages":"1002346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12615981/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145543973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bispecific antibodies in the treatment of epithelial ovarian, endometrial, and cervical cancer: an overview of current applications, challenges, and emerging opportunities.","authors":"Sara Parola, Ilaria Colombo","doi":"10.37349/etat.2025.1002345","DOIUrl":"10.37349/etat.2025.1002345","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gynecological cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Recent advances in genomic and molecular sequencing have significantly enhanced our understanding of the biological pathways that drive tumor progression and resistance to therapy. Targeted therapies, including monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), have revolutionized cancer treatment by selectively interfering with oncogenic proteins expressed on cancer cells. However, the long-term clinical benefit is often limited due to the emergence of drug resistance, frequently mediated by compensatory signaling pathways or immune escape mechanisms. To overcome these limitations, bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) represent an innovative class of therapeutic agents that have shown promising results across various medical fields. They have been developed to engage two distinct targets simultaneously, such as tumor antigens, immune effectors, or immunomodulatory checkpoints, thereby enhancing anti-tumor activity and reducing the risk of resistance. There are 17 bsAbs approved for clinical use in various countries, with numerous others currently in active development and over 600 bsAbs undergoing clinical trials worldwide. Among these, 11 have received FDA approval for the treatment of hematologic malignancies as well as solid tumors, including uveal melanoma, metastatic non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, and biliary tract cancers. Although some studies have explored bsAbs in gynecological cancers, this area remains underdeveloped compared to other oncology fields. Most ongoing studies in this area are still in their early phases (phase I or phase II), and there is a need for optimization in terms of antibody design, efficacy, and safety profiles. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to present a comprehensive summary of the current research on bsAbs in gynecological cancers, with a focus on endometrial, cervical, and ovarian cancers. We will highlight ongoing clinical trials, discuss the mechanisms of action of these agents, and explore their potential benefits in enhancing treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":73002,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy","volume":"6 ","pages":"1002345"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12592942/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145483598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racial disparities in hepatocellular carcinoma: a TCGA-based gene expression study of Caucasian and Asian populations.","authors":"Muhammad Rezki Rasyak, Sri Jayanti, Cyrollah Disoma, Bens Pardamean, Caecilia Sukowati","doi":"10.37349/etat.2025.1002344","DOIUrl":"10.37349/etat.2025.1002344","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) displays both shared and ethnicity-specific molecular characteristics. Using transcriptomic data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we compared gene expression profiles between Asian and Caucasian HCC patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Gene expression profiles were analyzed using the PyDESeq2 implementation of DESeq2, applying size factor normalization and dispersion estimation. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified with thresholds of false discovery rate (FDR) of < 0.05 and |log₂FC| ≥ 1.0. Gene annotation, visualization, and pathway enrichment were conducted using Sanbomics, seaborn, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) via the GSEApy package.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 387 and 250 genes were commonly upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in both populations, including the upregulations of <i>GPC3</i> and <i>PLVAP</i> and the downregulations of <i>FCN3</i> and <i>OIT3</i>, indicating their potential as universal HCC markers. Conversely, 16 genes were upregulated in Asians but downregulated in Caucasians, and 25 showed the reverse pattern. Asian-specific upregulation of <i>AKR1B10</i>, <i>UBE2C</i>, and <i>S100P</i> suggests links to viral etiology and immune modulation, while <i>MDK</i>, <i>LCN2</i>, and <i>NQO1</i> were upregulated in Caucasians, implicating proliferative and metabolic roles. Functional enrichment analysis revealed distinct immune and metabolic pathways. Asians showed elevated ubiquitin ligase activity and suppressed inflammatory responses, while Caucasians exhibited enhanced cytokine signaling, complement activation, and xenobiotic metabolism.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings highlight key molecular differences in HCC across ethnicities and emphasize the value of TCGA data for identifying both shared targets and population-specific therapeutic strategies. Understanding these differences is crucial for advancing precision oncology and developing tailored interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":73002,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy","volume":"6 ","pages":"1002344"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12597399/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145491023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}