Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy最新文献

{"title":"Shorter telomere length as a prognostic marker for survival and recurrence in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Dhyas Munandar Arya Sasmita, Kavi Gilang Permana, Teguh Aryandono, Didik Setyo Heriyanto, Sumadi Lukman Anwar","doi":"10.37349/etat.2025.1002289","DOIUrl":"10.37349/etat.2025.1002289","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Telomere length is a potential prognostic biomarker in breast cancer, but its clinical utility remains uncertain due to inconsistent findings across the literature. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the association between telomere length and breast cancer survival outcomes, including overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), disease-free survival (DFS), and recurrence-free survival (RFS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search of ten sources, including databases and publishers (JSTOR, Nature, ProQuest, PubMed, Sage Journals, ScienceDirect, Science, Scopus, Springer, and Wiley) was conducted to identify studies published up to December 31, 2023. Studies reporting associations between telomere length and survival outcomes in breast cancer patients were included. Hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were extracted or calculated. Quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots, Egger's, and Begg's tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nine studies involving 3,145 breast cancer patients were included. Shorter telomere length was significantly associated with increased recurrence risk (DFS/RFS) (pooled HR: 1.97; 95% CI: 1.04-3.74, <i>P</i> = 0.039), indicating a nearly twofold increase in risk. Trends toward worse OS (pooled HR: 1.60; 95% CI: 0.90-2.86, <i>P</i> = 0.110) and DSS (pooled HR: 1.09; 95% CI: 0.80-1.49, <i>P</i> = 0.565) were observed, but did not reach statistical significance. Additionally, shorter telomere length was significantly associated with premenopausal status (pooled OR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.06-1.70, <i>P</i> = 0.01).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Shorter telomere length is associated with an increased risk of recurrence in breast cancer, highlighting its potential as a prognostic biomarker. However, further research is needed to standardize telomere length measurement methodologies and validate these findings across diverse populations and breast cancer subtypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":73002,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy","volume":"6 ","pages":"1002289"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11886381/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143588454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neoantigen immunotherapy: a novel treatment for bladder cancer.","authors":"Ruiyang Lv, Zhenzhu Liu, Maoxin Lv, Yuze Song, Junlin Wang, Huizhi Mu, Yu Zhang, Xuejian Wang","doi":"10.37349/etat.2025.1002288","DOIUrl":"10.37349/etat.2025.1002288","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bladder cancer is currently the most common malignant tumor of the urinary system. The traditional treatment methods for bladder cancer are mainly surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy; however, these treatment methods do not improve the clinical prognosis of patients with advanced or metastatic bladder cancer. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop new treatment methods to improve the survival rate and quality-of-life of patients with bladder cancer. Over recent years, the rapid development of tumor immunotherapy has become a significant alternative to traditional treatment, and provides new hope to patients. This review aims to introduce neoantigens and their possible role in the treatment of bladder cancer, and to explore the current limitations of neoantigens for the treatment of bladder cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":73002,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy","volume":"6 ","pages":"1002288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11886379/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143588430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concomitant exposure to benzodiazepines during pembrolizumab-based therapy for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a propensity-score matched analysis of monitoring agency data.","authors":"Fabrizio Nelli, Enzo Maria Ruggeri, Antonella Virtuoso, Diana Giannarelli, Armando Raso, Federica Natoni, Gloria Pessina, Daniele Remotti, Mario Giovanni Chilelli, Carlo Signorelli, Agnese Fabbri","doi":"10.37349/etat.2025.1002287","DOIUrl":"10.37349/etat.2025.1002287","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The interaction of concomitant benzodiazepine (BZD) exposure during immune checkpoint blockade has not been comprehensively investigated to date. This research aimed to determine the influence of BZD intake on the survival outcomes of patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving pembrolizumab-based therapies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included consecutive patients with advanced NSCLC who were given frontline pembrolizumab, whether as exclusive therapy or combined with platinum-based chemotherapy. The classification of BZD relied on the molecular composition, distinguishing between <i>N</i>-substituted and <i>N</i>-unsubstituted compounds.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the time frame from April 2018 to May 2023, we enrolled 258 patients, 156 (60.5%) and 102 (39.5%) of whom received pembrolizumab alone or the combination regimen, respectively. We identified 108 (41.8%) exposed patients (BZD cohort) in comparison to all others (no-BZD cohort). After applying propensity-score matching, 108 cases were relevant for each cohort. After a median follow-up of 16.3 [95% confidence interval (CI) 13.1-19.7] months, univariate analysis revealed no significant differences in terms of progression-free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS) between BZD cohorts. However, patients exposed to <i>N</i>-substituted compounds had significantly longer PFS and OS than those who did not take BZD. Conversely, patients exposed to <i>N</i>-unsubstituted compounds experienced significantly shortened OS. Multivariate testing showed that taking unspecified BZD had no impact on PFS or OS, while <i>N</i>-substituted BZD exposure correlated independently with longer PFS [hazard ratio (HR) 0.52 (95% CI 0.34-0.79); <i>P</i> = 0.002] and OS [HR 0.58 (95% CI 0.38-0.88); <i>P</i> < 0.001]. In contrast, <i>N</i>-unsubstituted BZD intake had worsening effects on OS [HR 1.92 (95% CI 1.20-3.06); <i>P</i> = 0.006].</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>BZD exposure may impact the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with advanced NSCLC. The specific composition may influence the choice among different compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":73002,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy","volume":"6 ","pages":"1002287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11886376/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143588527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implications of noncoding RNAs for cancer therapy: Are we aiming at the right targets?","authors":"Amil Shah","doi":"10.37349/etat.2025.1002286","DOIUrl":"10.37349/etat.2025.1002286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The discovery of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes led to a better understanding of tumorigenesis, and prompted the development of molecularly targeted therapy. Over the past 30 years, many new drugs, which are primarily aimed at activated oncogenic proteins in signal transduction pathways involved in cell proliferation and survival, have been introduced in the clinic. Despite its rational design, the overall efficacy of targeted therapy has been modest. Recently, the noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as key regulators of important cellular processes in addition to the known regulatory proteins. It now appears that dual epigenetic regulatory systems exist in higher eukaryotic cells: a ncRNA network that governs essential cell functions, like cell fate decision and maintenance of homeostasis, and a protein-based system that presides over core physiological processes, like cell division and genomic maintenance. Modifications of the ncRNA network due to altered ncRNAs can cause the cell to shift towards to neoplastic phenotype; this is cancer initiation. Mutations in the well-known cancer driver genes provide the incipient cancer cell with a selective growth advantage and fuel its consequent clonal expansion. Because of the crucial role of the altered ncRNAs in tumorigenesis, targeting them may be a reasonable therapeutic strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":73002,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy","volume":"6 ","pages":"1002286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11886375/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143588546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Herbal based nanoparticles as a possible and potential treatment of cancer: a review.","authors":"Roshan Yadav, Himmat Singh Chawra, Gaurav Dubey, Md Sabir Alam, Vikram Kumar, Pragya Sharma, Navneet Kumar Upadhayay, Tejpal Yadav","doi":"10.37349/etat.2025.1002285","DOIUrl":"10.37349/etat.2025.1002285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer is the greatest cause of mortality worldwide. Various drug classes treat various cancers. Nanoformulations made from natural sources are being studied for treating several diseases, including cancer. Surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiation have mostly failed to treat cancer. These drugs may damage quickly dividing healthy tissues, structural anomalies, bodily toxicity, long-term side effects, tumor cell drug resistance, and psychiatric disturbances. Researchers are developing nanoscale medicines using natural medications like <i>Malva sylvestris</i> and <i>Curcumin</i> to lower concentrations and improve target specificity. Nanoparticles' small size and unique properties make them beneficial. They encapsulate medicinal ingredients, improving solubility, medication release, cellular absorption, and delivery. Nanoparticles may better identify and bind to cancer cells when functionalized with ligands. Natural chemicals and nanotechnology may improve medication availability, distribution, and targeting to cancer cells, making cancer treatments more effective and safe. Nanomedicine, which employs nanoparticles to treat cancer and malignant cells, has grown rapidly because nanodrugs are more effective and have fewer side effects than current commercial cancer drugs. Nanotechnology-based natural chemicals and pharmaceutical delivery methods for cancer therapy are covered in this review article. The paper discusses nanoparticle pros and cons and natural chemicals' cancer-fighting appeal.</p>","PeriodicalId":73002,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy","volume":"6 ","pages":"1002285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11885881/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143588531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant capacity in patients with breast cancer.","authors":"Abdullatif Taha Babakr, Mohamed Mahmoud Nour Eldein","doi":"10.37349/etat.2025.1002284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37349/etat.2025.1002284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Breast cancer (BC), a disease in which abnormal breast cells grow out of control and form tumors, is a prevalent life-threatening disease worldwide. Oxidative stress has been implicated in the development and progression of various cancers, including BC. Assessing lipid peroxidation and overall antioxidant status in BC offers valuable information on disease progression, patient prognosis, and the effectiveness of therapeutic options.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 150 women were categorized into three groups: normal, benign mass, and BC. Participants were selected and evaluated at the cancer clinic; fasting blood samples were collected, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL), cancer antigen (CA) 15-3, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were measured. Subsequently, statistical analysis was performed to compare the levels of these parameters in different groups and examine the analytical performance of TAC and Ox-LDL in BC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In patients with malignancy, the serum level of TAC was significantly decreased compared with the benign group (8.3 U/mL and 16.04 U/mL, respectively) (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Healthy controls exhibited higher levels of TAC (43.4 U/mL). The levels of Ox-LDL in BC were significantly increased in both malignant and benign groups (3,831 pg/mL and 1,234 pg/mL, respectively) compared with normal controls (682 pg/mL) (<i>P</i> < 0.001). CEA and CA15-3 were drastically increased in the BC groups compared with the control group. A significant area under the curve was observed in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for TAC (0.975, <i>P</i> < 0.001) and Ox-LDL (0.986, <i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study revealed that patients with BC had lower TAC and higher Ox-LDL serum levels, indicating elevated oxidative stress. These levels may serve as promising monitoring parameters in BC.</p>","PeriodicalId":73002,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy","volume":"6 ","pages":"1002284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11705606/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142959760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Deep learning based automated epidermal growth factor receptor and anaplastic lymphoma kinase status prediction of brain metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer","authors":"A. Mahajan, Gurukrishna B, Shweta Wadhwa, Ujjwal Agarwal, Ujjwal Baid, Sanjay Talbar, A. Janu, Vijay Patil, V. Noronha, N. Mummudi, A. Tibdewal, JP Agarwal, Subhash Yadav, Rajiv Kumar Kaushal, A. Puranik, N. Purandare, K. Prabhash","doi":"10.37349/etat.2024.00248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37349/etat.2024.00248","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73002,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy","volume":"124 46","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141667819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements and recent explorations of anti-cancer activity of chrysin: from molecular targets to therapeutic perspective","authors":"Abhilasha Sood, Arpit Mehrotra, Ujjawal Sharma, D. Aggarwal, Tejveer Singh, M. Shahwan, A. Jairoun, Isha Rani, S. Ramniwas, H. Tuli, Vikas Yadav, Manoj Kumar","doi":"10.37349/etat.2024.00230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37349/etat.2024.00230","url":null,"abstract":"In recent times, there have been notable advancements in comprehending the potential anti-cancer effects of chrysin (CH), a naturally occurring flavonoid compound found abundantly in various plant sources like honey, propolis, and certain fruits and vegetables. This active compound has garnered significant attention due to its promising therapeutic qualities and minimal toxicity. CH’s ability to combat cancer arises from its multifaceted mechanisms of action, including the initiation of apoptosis and the inhibition of proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and cell cycle progression. CH also displays potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, effectively counteracting the harmful molecules that contribute to DNA damage and the development of cancer. Furthermore, CH has exhibited the potential to sensitize cancer cells to traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy, amplifying the effectiveness of these treatments while reducing their negative impact on healthy cells. Hence, in this current review, the composition, chemistry, mechanisms of action, safety concerns of CH, along with the feasibility of its nanoformulations. To conclude, the recent investigations into CH’s anti-cancer effects present a compelling glimpse into the potential of this natural compound as a complementary therapeutic element in the array of anti-cancer approaches, providing a safer and more comprehensive method of combating this devastating ailment.","PeriodicalId":73002,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy","volume":"45 34","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141103762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors in colorectal cancer with deficient mismatch repair/microsatellite instability: misdiagnosis, pseudoprogression and/or tumor heterogeneity?","authors":"Nicola Normanno, Vincenza Caridi, M. Fassan, A. Avallone, Fortunato Ciardiello, C. Pinto","doi":"10.37349/etat.2024.00231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37349/etat.2024.00231","url":null,"abstract":"Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) with deficiency of the deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) pathway/ microsatellite instability (MSI) is characterized by a high mutation load and infiltration of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. In agreement with these findings, clinical trials have demonstrated a significant activity of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in dMMR/MSI metastatic CRC (mCRC) patients and, more recently, in CRC patients with early disease undergoing neoadjuvant therapy. However, despite high response rates and durable clinical benefits, a fraction of mCRC patients, up to 30%, showed progressive disease when treated with single agent anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) antibody. This article discusses the three main causes that have been associated with early progression of dMMR/MSI mCRC patients while on treatment with ICIs, i.e., misdiagnosis, pseudoprogression and tumor heterogeneity. While pseudoprogression probably does not play a relevant role, data from clinical studies demonstrate that some dMMR/MSI CRC cases with rapid progression on ICIs may be misdiagnosed, underlining the importance of correct diagnostics. More importantly, evidence suggests that dMMR/MSI mCRC is a heterogeneous group of tumors with different sensitivity to ICIs. Therefore, we propose novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to improve the outcome of dMMR/MSI CRC patients.","PeriodicalId":73002,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy","volume":"16 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141106718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunotherapy in thymic epithelial tumors: tissue predictive biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitors","authors":"Stefano Lucà, Marina Accardo, Severo Campione, Renato Franco","doi":"10.37349/etat.2024.00229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37349/etat.2024.00229","url":null,"abstract":"Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) are rare malignant neoplasms arising in the thymus gland. Nevertheless, TETs, including thymomas (TMs), thymic carcinomas (TCs), and thymic neuroendocrine neoplasms (TNENs), are the most common mediastinal malignancies overall. A multidisciplinary approach is required for the appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic management of TETs. To date, the main therapeutic strategies are largely depended on the stage of the tumor and they include surgery with or without neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy, represented by platinum-based chemotherapy, radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are ongoing under evaluation in the advanced or metastatic diseases despite the challenges related to the very low tumor mutation burden (TMB) and the high incidence of immune-related adverse events in TETs. In this regard, predictive impact of tissue biomarkers expression such as programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), and other emerging biomarkers, as well as their optimal and shared interpretation are currently under evaluation in order to predict response rates to ICIs in TETs.","PeriodicalId":73002,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy","volume":"88 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141116249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}