Environmental science: atmospheres最新文献

{"title":"Unpaved road particulate matter emission rates and vehicle-induced transient plume characteristics†","authors":"James Kacer, Ralph Altmaier, David M. Cwiertny and Patrick T. O'Shaughnessy","doi":"10.1039/D4EA00055B","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EA00055B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Particulate matter (PM) emitted from unpaved rural roads presents a potential inhalation hazard to people living and working near them. In the absence of site-specific exposure data, plume dispersion modeling can be used to predict ambient particulate concentrations in the vicinity of the unpaved roads. Hourly averaged PM<small>₁₀</small> concentrations were measured near a gravel road using an EPA reference method resulting in a geometric mean of 50 μg m<small>⁻³</small>. With these ambient concentrations, the AERMOD plume dispersion model was used to derive a PM emission factor of 444 g/VKT (grams per vehicle kilometer travelled). This result was lower than the emission factor calculated using the EPA's AP-42 guidance for unpaved roads (795 g/VKT). The transient nature of the plume of PM concentrations due to road traffic was also evaluated using a direct-reading instrument. Vehicle speed and wind speed were found to be significant determinants of PM concentration, average PM concentration, and total PM mass for each plume. Each vehicle produced an average concentration of 4096 μg m<small>⁻³</small> over the duration of the plume. Therefore, residents near the road are potentially exposed to substantially higher short-term concentrations from individual plumes than would be indicated by hourly averages.</p>","PeriodicalId":72942,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science: atmospheres","volume":" 9","pages":" 1042-1050"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11342916/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142057484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"O3 chemistry of 2,5-dimethylfuran: mechanism development†","authors":"Niklas Illmann and Vera Rösgen","doi":"10.1039/D4EA00045E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EA00045E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Furans are emitted from biomass burning (BB) and contribute to the reactivity of BB plumes with a significant proportion. Consequently, the development of comprehensive furan oxidation schemes is one of the crucial elements towards a better understanding of BB plume chemistry. Nighttime oxidation is supposedly dominated by NO<small>₃</small> radicals and O<small>₃</small>. The present study has chosen 2,5-dimethylfuran (25DMF) as a model compound for the development of an O<small>₃</small> oxidation mechanism for furans. Experiments were performed in the QUAREC atmospheric simulation chamber (QUAREC ASC) at 299 ± 2 K and a pressure of 980 ± 20 mbar under dry conditions (relative humidity &lt; 0.1%) targeting the reaction kinetics, the OH formation and the oxidation mechanism. The reactions were monitored by long-path FTIR spectroscopy and a PTR-ToF-MS instrument. We determined a rate coefficient of (3.3 ± 1.0) × 10<small>⁻¹⁶</small> cm<small>³</small> molecule<small>⁻¹</small> s<small>⁻¹</small> for the target reaction using the relative-rate method. An OH yield of 25 ± 10% was obtained when using 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene as an OH tracer. Reaction products are formaldehyde, methyl glyoxal, ketene, glyoxal, methyl hydroperoxide, acetic anhydride, and acetic acid, respectively. The methyl glyoxal, glyoxal and formaldehyde yields were found to be sensitive to the overall peroxy radical level in the system. The PTR-MS data indicate further reaction products, which are tentatively assigned. A mechanism is postulated to account for the clearly identified reaction products. Overall, the obtained results indicate that O<small>₃</small> oxidation of furans might contribute to acidity in nighttime BB plumes.</p>","PeriodicalId":72942,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science: atmospheres","volume":" 9","pages":" 1000-1011"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/ea/d4ea00045e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142169803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Air pollution (PM2.5) and its meteorology predictors in Kampala and Jinja cities, in Uganda†","authors":"Aishat Jumoke Alaran, Natasha O'Sullivan, Lambed Tatah, Richard Sserunjogi and Gabriel Okello","doi":"10.1039/D4EA00074A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EA00074A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Air pollution disproportionately affects African countries, including Uganda, but it is inadequately studied in these settings. The emergence of low-cost sensors offers an opportunity to improve routine air quality monitoring, assess interventions, and track progress. This study aimed to assess the spatiotemporal trends of PM<small>_2.5</small> in Kampala and Jinja cities in Uganda, whilst exploring the influence of meteorological parameters on PM<small>_2.5</small>. Calibrated PM<small>_2.5</small> values and meteorological parameters for three years (2020 to 2022) were obtained from 58 local low-cost sensors and 6 weather stations. Hourly averages for PM<small>_2.5</small> and meteorological data underwent necessary pre-processing, and various statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics, time series trends, spatial variation, Spearman rank correlation, and multivariate regression, were performed. The multivariate linear regression with a gamma-link function was selected as the model with the best fit. The average annual PM<small>_2.5</small> levels in Kampala and Jinja were 41.1 μg m<small>⁻³</small> (±18.91 μg m<small>⁻³</small>) and 25.6 μg m<small>⁻³</small> (±15.5 μg m<small>⁻³</small>), respectively, significantly exceeding the recommended World Health Organisation annual guideline values of 5 μg m<small>⁻³</small>. Meteorological parameters exhibited varying degrees of relationships with PM<small>_2.5</small> in both cities; multivariate regression indicated that meteorological factors could explain about 18% of the variation of PM<small>_2.5</small> in Kampala and 7% in Jinja. Both cities experienced a decrease in PM<small>_2.5</small> levels during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown with Kampala experiencing a 31% reduction (average decrease of 11.2 μg m<small>⁻³</small>) and Jinja a 17% reduction (average decrease of 3.8 μg m<small>⁻³</small>). This study provides insights into the air quality challenges faced by a rapidly urbanising city in sub-Saharan Africa, the promise of locally made low-cost sensors, and how meteorology influences local air pollution and lays the foundation for informed decision-making to safeguard public health and promote a sustainable environment. The findings highlight the urgent need for targeted interventions and policy initiatives to address air pollution in Uganda.</p>","PeriodicalId":72942,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science: atmospheres","volume":" 10","pages":" 1145-1156"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/ea/d4ea00074a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142397569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An improved framework for efficiently modeling organic aerosol (OA) considering primary OA evaporation and secondary OA formation from VOCs, IVOCs, and SVOCs†","authors":"Ling Huang, Zi'ang Wu, Hanqing Liu, Greg Yarwood, Dandan Huang, Gary Wilson, Hui Chen, Dongsheng Ji, Jun Tao, Zhiwei Han, Yangjun Wang, Hongli Wang, Cheng Huang and Li Li","doi":"10.1039/D4EA00060A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EA00060A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Organic aerosols (OA) constitute an important fraction of fine particulate matter (PM<small>_2.5</small>) air pollution, yet accurate and efficient OA modeling within chemical transport models (CTM) remains a challenge. Volatility basis set (VBS) schemes for OA have demonstrated improved performance in simulating OA, particularly for primary organic aerosol (POA), but their computational complexity impedes application to advanced modeling tasks, such as detailed source apportionment. Conversely, simpler “two-product” schemes are efficient and compatible with source apportionment techniques but many of them tend to overestimate POA by treating it as non-volatile. Either VBS or 2-product schemes can perform well for secondary organic aerosol (SOA) depending upon the data and assumptions used to model SOA formation from precursors. In this study, we update the Comprehensive Air Quality Model with extensions (CAMx) “SOAP” 2-product modeling framework by (1) treating POA as semivolatile using an efficient scheme, (2) adding SOA formation from semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs), and (3) adopting SOA yields derived from the widely-used Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) AERO7 scheme. The first update allows temperature-dependent partial evaporation of POA to SVOC, which is subsequently oxidized in the gas phase. For the latter two updates, SOA yields are updated to emulate the AERO7 scheme based on an offline conceptual model. We implemented these changes within the existing SOAP2 scheme of CAMx to create a new scheme called “SOAP3”. A series of CTM simulations were conducted with the SOAP3 scheme to simulate OA and its components in China during July and November 2018. Results were validated against surface observations and compared to the SOAP2 and AERO7 schemes. Compared to SOAP2, SOAP3 substantially reduced POA proportions (by 10–24%) and increased SOA concentrations (by 45–193%) for selected regions. SOAP3 performs more like the AERO7 scheme than SOAP2 in terms of the simulated OA components and improved accuracy compared to observations. Uncertainties and limitations of the current SOAP3 scheme are also discussed. Our study demonstrates a feasible and readily implemented methodology for improving two-product OA modeling, which is currently employed in many CTMs.</p>","PeriodicalId":72942,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science: atmospheres","volume":" 9","pages":" 1064-1078"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/ea/d4ea00060a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142169785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aerosolized algal bloom toxins are not inert","authors":"Eric P. Vejerano, Jeonghyeon Ahn and Geoffrey I. Scott","doi":"10.1039/D4EA00078A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EA00078A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are projected to become increasingly prevalent, extending over longer periods and wider geographic regions due to the warming surface ocean water and other environmental factors, including but not limited to nutrient concentrations and runoff for marine and freshwater environments. Incidents of respiratory distress linked to the inhalation of marine aerosols containing HAB toxins have been documented, though the risk is typically associated with the original toxins. However, aerosolized toxins in micrometer and submicrometer particles are vulnerable to atmospheric processing. This processing can potentially degrade HAB toxins and produce byproducts with varying potencies compared to the parent toxins. The inhalation of aerosolized HAB toxins, especially in conjunction with co-morbid factors such as exposure to air pollutants from increased commercial activities in ports, may represent a significant exposure pathway for a considerable portion of the global population. Understanding the chemistry behind the transformation of these toxins can enhance public protection by improving the existing HAB alert systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":72942,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science: atmospheres","volume":" 10","pages":" 1113-1128"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11331395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142019770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing CMAQ model discrepancies in a heavily polluted air basin using UAV vertical profiles and sensitivity analyses†","authors":"Zihan Zhu, Khanh Do, Cesunica E. Ivey and Don R. Collins","doi":"10.1039/D4EA00004H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EA00004H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >An unmanned aerial vehicle was deployed daily in Riverside, CA from August to November 2020, capturing vertical ozone and particulate matter measurements. Flights took place in the early morning and late afternoon, resulting in 321 vertical profiles from the surface to 500 m above ground level. The measured ozone mixing ratio is statistically compared with ground-based measurements at the Riverside–Rubidoux regulatory air monitoring site in Jurupa Valley, CA and with CMAQ simulated concentrations to assess consistency with the nearest reference monitor and model skill at reproducing the observed vertical structure, respectively. The default model configuration overestimates ground-level ozone by 17.7 ppb in the morning and underestimates it by an average of 2.9 ppb in the afternoon. The sensitivity of the model to factors such as planetary boundary layer (PBL), eddy diffusivity, NO<small>_<em>x</em></small> emissions, and VOC emissions is investigated by modifying key physics and emissions settings in a series of simulations. We found that our default PBL scheme used in the default CMAQ simulation negatively biases the PBL height in the nighttime and positively biases it in the daytime compared to the observations retrieved from a ceilometer. For the observational region of interest, NO<small>_<em>x</em></small> emissions are concluded to be largely underestimated, leading to biases in modeled ozone concentration. We conclude with recommendations for achieving model parity with localized measurements.</p>","PeriodicalId":72942,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science: atmospheres","volume":" 9","pages":" 1051-1063"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/ea/d4ea00004h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142169806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of particulate matter in a multizonal residential apartment: transport, exposure, and mitigation†","authors":"Alok Kumar Thakur and Sameer Patel","doi":"10.1039/D4EA00080C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EA00080C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Due to rapid urbanization and lifestyle changes, people in developing countries like India spend most of their time indoors, just like those in developed countries. Indoor air pollution (IAP) studies in urban built environments in India are yet to gain momentum. Studies conducted so far are restricted to reporting pollutant concentration, providing limited insights into pollutants' source, transport, and fate. Comprehensive studies are critical to assessing IAP severity and developing and deploying effective mitigation strategies in built environments. The present study includes spatio-temporal monitoring of particulate matter (PM) in a multizonal residential apartment using a network of low-cost air quality monitors and research-grade instruments to characterize emission sources, assess transport metrics, estimate spatial exposure, calculate <em>I</em>/<em>O</em> ratios, and assess efficacies of different mitigation measures. Sub-micron particles dominated number size distribution for cooking and incense. Operation of air conditioners (AC) led to faster transport of pollutants from the kitchen to the bedrooms. PM exposure in all zones relative to the kitchen had comparable (∼0.8–0.9) exposure during cooking. The average <em>I</em>/<em>O</em> ratios during cooking were elevated throughout the apartment, with the kitchen (10.1 ± 8.9) and bedrooms (7.2 ± 5.7 &amp; 7.4 ± 5.9) being the highest and lowest, respectively. Natural ventilation through balcony doors led to an average exposure reduction of 74–86% in different zones. AC operation reduced cumulative exposure, which was further reduced upon affixing a filter sheet on the AC pre-filter. Among the mitigation measures assessed, the highest cumulative loss rate (2.3 ± 0.1 h<small>⁻¹</small>) was observed for the portable air cleaner with the default HEPA filter.</p>","PeriodicalId":72942,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science: atmospheres","volume":" 9","pages":" 1026-1041"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/ea/d4ea00080c?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142169805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitivity analysis of planetary boundary layer parameterization on meteorological simulations in the Yangtze river delta region, China†","authors":"Dihui Chen, Ansheng Zhu, Ling Huang, Elly Yaluk, Yangjun Wang, Maggie Chel Gee Ooi, Ying Gu, Andy Chan and Li Li","doi":"10.1039/D4EA00038B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EA00038B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The planetary boundary layer (PBL) plays a crucial role in determining meteorological fields and the diffusion of atmospheric pollutants. Therefore, accurate PBL simulation is necessary for precise meteorological and air quality simulations, and the choice of PBL scheme significantly influences the accuracy of simulation results. In this study, we investigate the seasonal and diurnal variations of typical meteorological variables over the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region by using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model using four different closure schemes. These closure schemes include two non-local closure schemes, <em>i.e.</em>, Yonsei University (YSU) and Asymmetric Convective Model version 2 (ACM2), as well as two local closure schemes named Mellor–Yamada–Janjic (MYJ) and Mellor–Yamada Nakanishi and Niino (MYNN). By comparing observations and model inter-comparisons, we discuss the similarities and differences in simulated results among different PBL schemes. The results indicate that local closure schemes, <em>i.e.</em>, MYJ and MYNN, generally produce more realistic simulations of meteorological parameters. MYNN performs best in summer with a mean bias (MB) of 0.41 °C for temperature and 0.44 m s<small>⁻¹</small> for wind speed, while MYJ shows better results under stable conditions during winter with a MB of 0.64 °C for temperature and −5.76% for relative humidity. YSU is found to have less bias in PBL height during summer with the highest <em>R</em> up to 0.81, while MYJ outperforms the three other schemes with the least MB of 38 m (<em>R</em> = 0.65) in winter. Each PBL closure scheme, <em>i.e.</em>, the MYJ and MYNN local closure schemes, may not accurately capture all physical processes, leading to performance variations, especially during transitional seasons and under specific diurnal conditions. Thus, it is important to note that each scheme has its strengths and weaknesses, and the selection of the most appropriate scheme should depend on the specific variables and scenarios under consideration.</p>","PeriodicalId":72942,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science: atmospheres","volume":" 10","pages":" 1129-1144"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/ea/d4ea00038b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142397568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of chemical and transport processes of biogenic aerosols over the northern Apennines: insights from the WRF-CHIMERE model†","authors":"Bruno Vitali, Manuel Bettineschi, Arineh Cholakian, Dino Zardi, Federico Bianchi, Victoria A. Sinclair, Johannes Mikkola, Paolo Cristofanelli, Angela Marinoni, Martina Mazzini, Liine Heikkinen, Minna Aurela, Marco Paglione, Bertrand Bessagnet, Paolo Tuccella and Giancarlo Ciarelli","doi":"10.1039/D4EA00040D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EA00040D","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p &gt;Sources and transport processes of aerosols over the Italian northern Apennines are investigated with a focus on the area of the WMO/GAW global station of Mt. Cimone (CMN, 2165 m a.s.l.). The site is characterized by complex orography, representing a challenge for chemical transport model (CTM) applications when simulating processes controlling advection and diffusion of air pollutants within and above the planetary boundary layer (PBL). First, we extensively evaluated the skills of the WRF-CHIMERE (v2020r3) coupled CTM in reproducing both the meteorological conditions observed at the surface level of multiple weather stations and the sub-micrometre aerosol mass concentrations from intensive &lt;em&gt;in situ&lt;/em&gt; measurements performed at CMN during July 2017. The analysis of the meteorological fields revealed that the local thermally-driven flows occurring over the adjacent coastal and mountainous regions are very well reproduced by the model. The accuracy is less at higher altitudes in proximity of CMN and on the slopes facing the Po valley, where also fewer observational meteorological data were available. The discrepancies between the model output and observations, especially in the near-surface wind dynamics, are mainly associated with the smoothed topography of the terrain as represented in the model: at the resolution of 1 km small-scale orographic features and related meteorological phenomena cannot be adequately reproduced. Our results indicate that the modeled particle mass concentrations and its chemical composition are in good agreement with observational data, with organic aerosol contributing to about 60% of the total sub-micrometer aerosol load during the investigated time period and sulphate being the most important inorganic component. Additionally, a model-based source apportionment analysis revealed that organic aerosol, and specifically secondary organic aerosol (SOA), were mostly of biogenic origin (contributing up to 66% of the secondary organic aerosol fraction). We further analyze the transport of organic aerosol particles associated with the typical wind pattern developing at the interface between plains, valleys and ridges of the northern Apennines mountains. Despite uncertainties in source areas and formation mechanisms, the model results indicated that the upslope valley winds might sustain the funneling of biogenic aerosol particles to higher elevations up to the Apennines ridge, eventually to above the diagnosed PBL height. For biogenic organic aerosol this process is more effective on the south-western slope of the Apennines range. This may result from either more favourable meteorological conditions or larger availability of aerosol particles over the lowlands. This work represents the first high-resolution (1 km) CTM study investigating the region of Mt. Cimone and is intended to provide original insights on the vertical transport of aerosols particles into the free troposphere in regions characterized by a complex","PeriodicalId":72942,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science: atmospheres","volume":" 9","pages":" 967-987"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/ea/d4ea00040d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142169788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fine particulate air pollution estimation in Ouagadougou using satellite aerosol optical depth and meteorological parameters†","authors":"Joe Adabouk Amooli, Kwame Oppong Hackman, Bernard Nana and Daniel M. Westervelt","doi":"10.1039/D4EA00057A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EA00057A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study estimates PM<small>_2.5</small> concentrations in Ouagadougou using satellite-based aerosol optical depth (AOD) and meteorological parameters such as temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, wind speed, and wind direction. First, Simple Linear Regression (SLR), Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) models were developed using the available labeled data (AOD and meteorological parameters with corresponding PM<small>_2.5</small> values) in the city. The XGBoost model outperformed all other models that were used, with a coefficient of determination (<em>R</em><small>²</small>) of 0.87 and a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 15.8 μg m<small>⁻³</small> after a five-fold cross-validation. The performance of the supervised XGBoost model was upgraded by incorporating a semi-supervised algorithm to use large amounts of unlabeled data in the city and allow for a more accurate and extensive estimation of PM<small>_2.5</small> for the period 2000–2022. This semi-supervised XGBoost model had an <em>R</em><small>²</small> of 0.97 and an RMSE of 8.3 μg m<small>⁻³</small> after a five-fold cross-validation. The results indicate that the estimated 24 hour mean PM<small>_2.5</small> concentrations in the city are 2 to 4 times higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) 24 hour guidelines of 15 μg m<small>⁻³</small> in the rainy season and 2 to 22 times higher than the WHO 24 hour guideline in the dry season. The results also reveal that the average annual estimated PM<small>_2.5</small> concentrations are 11 to 14 times higher than the WHO average annual guideline of 5 μg m<small>⁻³</small>. Finally, we find higher PM<small>_2.5</small> concentrations in the city's center and industrial areas than in the other areas. The results indicate a need for future air pollution policy and mitigation in Burkina Faso to achieve desired health benefits such as reduced respiratory and cardiovascular problems, which will, in turn, lead to decreased PM<small>_2.5</small> mortality rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":72942,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science: atmospheres","volume":" 9","pages":" 1012-1025"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/ea/d4ea00057a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142169804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}