Environmental science: atmospheres最新文献

{"title":"Kinetics of the reactions of the Criegee intermediate CH2OO with water vapour: experimental measurements as a function of temperature and global atmospheric modelling†","authors":"Rachel E. Lade, Mark A. Blitz, Matthew Rowlinson, Mathew J. Evans, Paul W. Seakins and Daniel Stone","doi":"10.1039/D4EA00097H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EA00097H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The kinetics of reactions between the simplest Criegee intermediate, CH<small><sub>2</sub></small>OO, and water vapour have been investigated at temperatures between 262 and 353 K at a total pressure of 760 Torr using laser flash photolysis of CH<small><sub>2</sub></small>I<small><sub>2</sub></small>–O<small><sub>2</sub></small>–N<small><sub>2</sub></small>–H<small><sub>2</sub></small>O mixtures coupled with broadband time-resolved UV absorption spectroscopy. Results indicate that the reaction with water monomers represents a minor contribution to the total loss of CH<small><sub>2</sub></small>OO under the conditions employed in this work, with an estimated rate coefficient for CH<small><sub>2</sub></small>OO + H<small><sub>2</sub></small>O (R1) of (9.8 ± 5.9) × 10<small><sup>−17</sup></small> cm<small><sup>3</sup></small> molecule<small><sup>−1</sup></small> s<small><sup>−1</sup></small> at 298 K and a temperature dependence described by <em>k</em><small><sub>1</sub></small> = (3.2 ± 1.1) × 10<small><sup>−13</sup></small> exp(−(2410 ± 270)/<em>T</em>) cm<small><sup>3</sup></small> molecule<small><sup>−1</sup></small> s<small><sup>−1</sup></small>. The reaction of CH<small><sub>2</sub></small>OO with water dimers, CH<small><sub>2</sub></small>OO + (H<small><sub>2</sub></small>O)<small><sub>2</sub></small> (R2), dominates under the conditions employed in this work. The rate coefficient for R2 has been measured to be <em>k</em><small><sub>2</sub></small> = (9.5 ± 2.5) × 10<small><sup>−12</sup></small> cm<small><sup>3</sup></small> molecule<small><sup>−1</sup></small> s<small><sup>−1</sup></small> at 298 K, with a negative temperature dependence described by <em>k</em><small><sub>2</sub></small> = (2.85 ± 0.40) × 10<small><sup>−15</sup></small> exp((2420 ± 340)/<em>T</em>) cm<small><sup>3</sup></small> molecule<small><sup>−1</sup></small> s<small><sup>−1</sup></small>, where rate<small><sub>R2</sub></small> = <em>k</em><small><sub>2</sub></small>[CH<small><sub>2</sub></small>OO][(H<small><sub>2</sub></small>O)<small><sub>2</sub></small>]. For use in atmospheric models, we recommend description of the kinetics for R2 in terms of the product of the rate coefficient <em>k</em><small><sub>2</sub></small> and the equilibrium constant <em>K</em><small><sup>D</sup></small><small><sub>eq</sub></small> (<em>k</em><small><sub>2,eff</sub></small> = <em>k</em><small><sub>2</sub></small><em>K</em><small><sup>D</sup></small><small><sub>eq</sub></small>) for water dimer formation to allow the rate of reaction to be expressed in terms of water monomer concentration as rate<small><sub>R2</sub></small> = <em>k</em><small><sub>2,eff</sub></small>[CH<small><sub>2</sub></small>OO][H<small><sub>2</sub></small>O]<small><sup>2</sup></small> to avoid explicit calculation of dimer concentrations and impacts of differences in values of <em>K</em><small><sup>D</sup></small><small><sub>eq</sub></small> reported in the literature. Results from this work give <em>k</em><small","PeriodicalId":72942,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science: atmospheres","volume":" 11","pages":" 1294-1308"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/ea/d4ea00097h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142595206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immersion ice nucleation of atmospherically relevant lipid particles†","authors":"Lincoln Mehndiratta, Audrey E. Lyp, Jonathan H. Slade and Vicki H. Grassian","doi":"10.1039/D4EA00066H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EA00066H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Ice nucleating particles (INPs) play a crucial role in freezing water droplets by acting as heterogeneous ice nuclei, influencing cloud phase state and climate dynamics. INPs from marine aerosol particles are particularly relevant. Saturated fatty alcohols and acids have been identified in sea spray aerosols (SSA). In this study, we employ a micro-Raman spectrometer integrated with an environmental cell to control relative humidity and temperature and measure the ice nucleation activity of individual lipid particles, including fatty alcohols and fatty acids of varying chain lengths. For fatty acids, we observe little IN activity for these lipid particles as they freeze close to the temperature found for homogeneous freezing. For fatty alcohols, we demonstrate that freezing temperatures depend on the carbon chain length, with longer chains leading to warmer ice nucleating temperatures. Although this result qualitatively agrees with existing literature, we observe that the ice nucleating temperatures of these lipid particles differ from the freezing temperatures measured for fatty alcohol monolayers at the air/water interface for large water droplets. To better understand these differences, we further investigate the effects of droplet size as well as phase state by theoretically determining the wet viscosity on freezing. Our results, taken together, suggest that for fatty alcohol particles, freezing occurs at the lipid particle/water interface. Overall, our findings highlight the influence of lipid chain length, droplet size, and phase state on ice nucleation for lipid particles.</p>","PeriodicalId":72942,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science: atmospheres","volume":" 11","pages":" 1239-1254"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/ea/d4ea00066h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142595202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Particle number size distribution evaluation of Plantower PMS5003 low-cost PM sensors – a field experiment†","authors":"Alexandre Caseiro, Seán Schmitz and Erika von Schneidemesser","doi":"10.1039/D4EA00086B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EA00086B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The use of low-cost sensors (LCS) for the evaluation of the ambient pollution by particulate matter (PM) has grown and become significant for the scientific community in the past few years. However promising this novel technology is, the characterization of their limitations is still not satisfactory. Reports in the scientific literature rely on calibration, which implies the physical (or geographical) co-location of the LCS with reference <em>in situ</em> (or remote, <em>e.g.</em> onboard satellite platforms) instrumentation. However, calibration is not always feasible, and even when feasible, the validity of the developed relationship, even in similar settings, is subject to large uncertainties. In the present work, the performance of a popular LCS for PM, the Plantower PMS5003, is investigated. The LCS performs particle counts, which is the physical quantity that is input to the black-box model of the manufacturer to compute the ambient PM mass, which is output to the operator. The particle counts of LCS Plantower PMS5003 units were compared to those of the co-located research-grade Grimm EDM-164 monitor. The results show that humidity possibly has a reduced influence on the performance, but the performance can better be constrained, however spanning more than one order of magnitude in terms of agreement ratio, by functions of the actual particle count itself. In view of these results, further development in the field of LCS for PM monitoring should focus on improvements of the physical design of the devices, in order to enhance the sizing of the particles. The use of the actual Plantower PMS5003 models should be limited to the monitoring of PM mass in the smaller size bins.</p>","PeriodicalId":72942,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science: atmospheres","volume":" 10","pages":" 1183-1194"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/ea/d4ea00086b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142397523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ozone formation potential related to the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxide (NOX) from a typical industrial park in the Pearl River Delta†","authors":"Taicheng An, Jiajia Li, Qinhao Lin and Guiying Li","doi":"10.1039/D4EA00091A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EA00091A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Ozone (O<small>₃</small>) pollution has been recognized as the major air pollution in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, South China. Understanding O<small>₃</small> formation sensitive to volatile organic compound (VOC)- and nitrogen oxide (NO<small>_X</small>)-limited regimes is a key step for alleviating O<small>₃</small> pollution. Herein, measurements of VOCs, NO<small>_X</small> and O<small>₃</small> were simultaneously performed at multi sampling sites in an industrial park of the PRD region during June, 2020. VOCs/NO<small>_X</small> ratios ranged from 0.5 to 5.7, suggesting that the O<small>₃</small> formation was in the VOC-limited regime in the industrial park. The estimated O<small>₃</small> formation potential (OFP) of VOCs showed that alkenes and aromatic hydrocarbons from motor vehicles and industrial sources contributed to 40% and 39% of the O<small>₃</small> formation, respectively, in the industrial park. However, a low O<small>₃</small> level (&lt;50 ppb) was observed in the region where high OFP values (&gt;194 ppb) were estimated. Further analysis found that the concentration of NOx (25 ± 10 ppb) in the high O<small>₃</small> region was lower than that (36 ± 6 ppb) in the low O<small>₃</small> region, mostly due to the titration reaction of NO and O<small>₃</small> to form NO<small>₂</small>, therefore leading to the consumption of O<small>₃</small>. This result implies that NO<small>_X</small> control was not conducive to the O<small>₃</small> pollution in the study region. Thus, O<small>₃</small> pollution control in the study region should be taken into consideration in terms of the effect of NO<small>_X</small> titration and control of VOC emissions.</p>","PeriodicalId":72942,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science: atmospheres","volume":" 11","pages":" 1229-1238"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/ea/d4ea00091a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142595201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of atmospheric water-soluble iron on α-pinene-derived SOA formation and transformation in the presence of aqueous droplets†","authors":"Sabine Lüchtrath, Sven Klemer, Clément Dubois, Christian George and Andreas Held","doi":"10.1039/D4EA00095A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EA00095A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The impact of water-soluble atmospheric iron on formation, growth and aging of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is a controversial subject in the literature. Iron chemistry drives Fenton reactions in the aqueous phase which is dependent on pH. Flow reactor experiments in the dark and under humid conditions were conducted to investigate systematically the influence of ferrous iron in the aqueous phase on α-pinene SOA by online physical analysis and offline high-resolution mass spectrometry. During the experiments increased SOA formation under conditions favorable for dark Fenton chemistry in the aqueous phase was observed. Furthermore, samples with an acidified and iron-containing aqueous phase showed a degradation of pinyl-diaterpenyl (C<small>₁₇</small>H<small>₂₆</small>O<small>₈</small>) ester which ages through oxidation <em>via</em> OH radicals and can thus be evidence for ongoing degradation processes of high molecular weight molecules by iron chemistry. Moreover, higher abundance of dimer MW338 (C<small>₁₉</small>H<small>₃₀</small>O<small>₅</small>) in the acidic sample affected by Fenton's chemistry was detected which is suggested to be formed <em>via</em> acid catalysis indicating competing acidity-driven reactions influencing SOA formation. Therefore, this study provides insight into the impact of aqueous phase iron on SOA formation and transformation under simulated natural conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":72942,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science: atmospheres","volume":" 11","pages":" 1218-1228"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/ea/d4ea00095a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142595200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of atmospheric microplastics in Hangzhou, a megacity of the Yangtze river delta, China†","authors":"Liang Xu, Jiefeng Li, Shushen Yang, Zhenyang Li, Yan Liu, Yifan Zhao, Dantong Liu, Admir Créso Targino, Zhonghua Zheng, Mingzhou Yu, Peng Xu, Yele Sun and Weijun Li","doi":"10.1039/D4EA00069B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EA00069B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Microplastics (MPs) have become a key environmental issue over the last few decades. However, while previous studies have mainly focused on aquatic MP pollution, research on atmospheric MPs remains limited. To expand our knowledge of atmospheric MPs, we collected atmospheric samples using active and dry deposition techniques during one year in an urban environment in the megacity of Hangzhou, China. MPs were identified in the samples using a range of analytical and optical techniques. The concentrations of MPs on the filters collected using active sampling ranged from 0.37–8.9 particles per m<small>³</small>, with an annual mean of 3.2 ± 0.5 particles per m<small>³</small>. The dry deposition rate of atmospheric MPs ranged from 441.18–3181.8 particles per m<small>²</small> per day, with an annual mean of 1387.8 ± 237.7 particles per m<small>²</small> per day. Fiber MPs were the most predominant type while a few film-type MPs were identified. Raman microspectrometer analysis identified that tires (27.0% of MPs) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET, 19.7% of MPs) were the dominant MP types. Finally, we estimated that the annual dry deposition rate of MPs in the Hangzhou urban area was 16.9 ± 2.9 tons. Exploring the abundance and deposition of MPs helps to evaluate their potential threat to human health or aquatic ecology, which finally contributes to development of MP control measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":72942,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science: atmospheres","volume":" 10","pages":" 1161-1169"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/ea/d4ea00069b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142397521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increasing the Earth's albedo: the Köhler equation at sea","authors":"J. I. Katz","doi":"10.1039/D4EA00073K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EA00073K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Increasing marine haze and clouds has been considered as a possible means of increasing the Earth's albedo. This would reduce solar heating and global warming, counteracting the effects of the anthropogenic increase in greenhouse gases. One proposed method of doing so would inject small droplets of seawater or condensation nuclei into the marine boundary layer, creating artificial haze and cloud. The equilibrium size of such droplets is described by the Köhler equation that includes the vapor pressure reduction attributable to the solute according to Raoult's law and the vapor pressure increase of a small droplet as a result of surface tension according to Kelvin. Here we apply this classic result to small droplets in the marine boundary layer, where the partial pressure of water vapor is less than the equilibrium vapor pressure because it is in equilibrium with the saline ocean. We calculate the equilibrium size of a droplet containing dissolved ions and find that the radius of a droplet of seawater shrinks greatly before it achieves equilibrium.</p>","PeriodicalId":72942,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science: atmospheres","volume":" 10","pages":" 1157-1160"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/ea/d4ea00073k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142397520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the potential secondary contribution of photosensitized chemistry to OH production in aqueous aerosols†","authors":"Emma A. Petersen-Sonn, Marcello Brigante, Laurent Deguillaume, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Sébastien Perrier and Christian George","doi":"10.1039/D4EA00103F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EA00103F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study explores the potential contribution of secondary production of OH radicals in aerosols and cloud/fog conditions arising from brown carbon (BrC) triplet state chemistry. For this purpose, extracts of brown carbon from atmospheric aerosols from Grenoble, France, were analyzed for their ability to produce triplet states from the degradation of a common triplet state probe, 2,4,6-trimethylphenol (TMP). This ability of brown carbon to produce triplet states was compared to that of three photosensitizers, where it was found that vanillin (VL) showed a similar rate of degradation of the probe and was hence chosen as an alternative to BrC in aqueous aerosols to investigate OH formation from triplet states. The rates of OH formation from the triplet states were compared to those from nitrate anions (NO<small>₃</small><small>⁻</small>) and hydrogen peroxide (H<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small>), which are well-known sources of OH radicals in the aqueous phase, and a species that is structurally similar to VL, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (4HB). VL and 4HB both showed a 1–2 orders of magnitude higher rate of secondary OH formation than NO<small>₃</small><small>⁻</small>, while it was similar or one order of magnitude smaller than H<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small>. To evaluate the influence of the different OH radical sources in aqueous aerosols and cloud/fog conditions, the concentrations of the species were summarized from the literature. Considering the concentrations of HULISs in aerosols, the rates of secondary OH formation from BrC triplet states could potentially represent a significant source of OH in the atmospheric aqueous phase under some circumstances. This study shows the relevance of further investigations into the role of triplet states in impacting atmospheric oxidative capacity and studying other effects of triplet states in aerosols, a field that is, until now, still not fully understood.</p>","PeriodicalId":72942,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science: atmospheres","volume":" 10","pages":" 1170-1182"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/ea/d4ea00103f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142397522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of organic species and functional groups in pollen, fungi, algae, and bacteria bioaerosols†","authors":"Palina Bahdanovich, Kevin Axelrod, Andrey Y. Khlystov and Vera Samburova","doi":"10.1039/D4EA00083H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EA00083H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Though the importance of bioaerosols is increasing with the changing climate, very little is known about the chemistry of bioaerosols, their atmospheric fate, and chemical composition. This paper is focused on the characterization of chemical functional groups of four atmospherically relevant bioaerosols: pollen (lodgepole pine and rabbitbrush), fungi (western gall rust), bacteria (<em>Pedobacter</em> and hay bacillus), and algae (spirulina). For this purpose, the proton nuclear magnetic resonance (<small>¹</small>H-NMR) technique was used on water-soluble extracts of the selected bioaerosols, while quantitative analysis of individual organic species (saccharides, amino acids, and fatty acids) was performed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC-MS), and UV-Vis-NIR (ultraviolet-visible-infrared) spectrophotometry. The obtained <small>¹</small>H-NMR results revealed major contributions from aliphatic protons in <em>Bacillus</em> (50.2%) and <em>Pedobacter</em> (57.0%) bacteria, western gall rust fungus (39.7%), spirulina algae (73.8%), and rabbitbrush pollen (31.3%). Protons from saccharides were dominant in lodgepole pine pollen (27.6%). The quantitative analysis shows that the saccharide glucose is common among the analyzed bioaerosols, as well as proline, leucine, isoleucine, alanine, and phenylalanine amino acids, and palmitic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, and stearic fatty acids (except in <em>Bacillus</em> bacteria). Concentrations of analyzed saccharides ranged between 2.01 μg mg<small>⁻¹</small> of dry mass (in <em>Bacillus</em> bacteria) and 183.54 μg mg<small>⁻¹</small> (in lodgepole pine pollen), followed by amino acids (from 2.57 μg mg<small>⁻¹</small> in western gall rust fungus to 21.38 μg mg<small>⁻¹</small> in <em>Bacillus</em> bacteria), and fatty acids (from 0.05 μg mg<small>⁻¹</small> in <em>Bacillus</em> bacteria to 25.82 μg mg<small>⁻¹</small> in lodgepole pine pollen). Comparison of <small>¹</small>H-NMR and quantitative analyses showed a good correlation (<em>R</em><small>²</small> = 0.608) between the saccharide segment of <small>¹</small>H-NMR bioaerosol spectra and individual saccharide analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":72942,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science: atmospheres","volume":" 9","pages":" 1091-1104"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/ea/d4ea00083h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142169787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Method development and analysis of nanoparticle size fractions from tire-wear emissions†","authors":"Molly Haugen, Philipp Bühler, Stefan Schläfle, David O'Loughlin, Siriel Saladin, Chiara Giorio and Adam Boies","doi":"10.1039/D4EA00048J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EA00048J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Herein, we examine the generation of nanoparticles from tire and road interactions, with a focus on two key aspects: replicating real-world conditions in a controlled environment for particle generation and analysing the collected particles through both online and offline techniques. In order to generate realistic wear patterns, third body particles were used in a standardized laboratory tire testing facility across dynamic and static speeds and load profiles. The findings indicated that milled stone dust as a third body particle significantly disrupted the nanoparticle size range, complicating the differentiation between tire-based and third-body-based nanoparticles. However, using sand as a third body particle, the interference showed comparatively lower background noise within the nanoparticle region. Here, steady-state cycles were employed to discern the relationships between force events and nanoparticle generation, which were compared to analyses conducted over an entire dynamic drive cycle. The steady-state cycles revealed that high lateral forces (&gt;2 kN) yielded the highest nanoparticle concentrations, surpassing background levels by over two orders of magnitude. Meanwhile, the drive cycle trials indicated that approximately 70% of the emitted nanoparticles throughout the entire drive cycle were semi-volatile emissions, likely originating from vaporization events. ICP-MS results confirmed the presence of tire-related elements in the nanoparticle region, but definitive attribution to the tire or road surface remains a challenge for the field. This study underscores the complexities inherent in generating, collecting, and assessing submicron tire wear particles, laying the groundwork for addressing uncertainties and refining non-exhaust tire emission methodologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":72942,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science: atmospheres","volume":" 9","pages":" 1079-1090"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/ea/d4ea00048j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142169786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}