Environmental science: atmospheres最新文献

{"title":"A framework for describing and classifying methane reporting requirements, emission sources, and monitoring methods†","authors":"Andy Connor, Jacob T. Shaw, Nigel Yarrow, Neil Howes, Jon Helmore, Andrew Finlayson, Patrick Barker and Rod Robinson","doi":"10.1039/D4EA00120F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EA00120F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Industries, governments, and regulators need trustworthy emissions data to enable them to make informed decisions regarding methane abatement strategy and policies. There are many differing data reporting metrics, as well as a diverse range of both emission sources and methods for monitoring emissions. Different data structures and terminologies can be used to describe similar objects, activities, or characteristics associated with methane monitoring. There is no currently accepted definition of what constitutes a methane monitoring method. Since there is no common basis to describe this information, confusion concerning language, definitions, and terminology can arise which can undermine confidence in data. This paper describes a framework, based on a set of taxonomies and a common lexicon, which aims to address these issues by providing a common structure in which data requirements, emission sources and monitoring methods can be described. The principles of metrology and quality assurance are embedded into this framework along with a means to define the temporal and spatial scales of the reporting and monitoring. It is envisaged that this framework will be developed into a standard to help facilitate more reliable transfer of information between stakeholders internationally. Usage examples for this framework include: to aid the development of test standards (between test laboratories, site operators, and standards bodies); to help ensure the most cost-effective monitoring methods are deployed for a specific purpose; to help identify technological and methodological gaps between what monitoring is needed and what is available, or to help drive more focused innovation in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":72942,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science: atmospheres","volume":" 11","pages":" 1203-1217"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/ea/d4ea00120f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142595199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low temperature growth of sub 10 nm particles by ammonium nitrate condensation","authors":"Neil M. Donahue, Mao Xiao, Ruby Marten, Mingyi Wang, Weimeng Kong, Meredith Schervish, Qing Ye, Victoria Hofbauer, Lubna Dada, Jonathan Duplissy, Henning Finkenzeller, Hamish Gordon, Jasper Kirkby, Houssni Lamkaddam, Vladimir Makhmutov, Maxim Philippov, Birte Rörup, Rainer Volkamer, Dongyu Wang, Stefan K. Weber, Richard C. Flagan, Dominik Stolzenburg and Imad El Hadad","doi":"10.1039/D4EA00117F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EA00117F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Co-condensation of nitric acid and ammonia vapors to form ammonium nitrate transforms from a fully semi-volatile behavior when it is relatively warm (273 K and above, typical of the seasonal planetary boundary layer) into effectively non-volatile and irreversible uptake for the limiting vapor when it is cold (well below 273 K, typical of the upper troposphere and occasionally the wintertime boundary layer). This causes the system to switch in character from the one governed by semi-volatile equilibrium (how it is usually portrayed) to the one governed by irreversible reactive uptake to even the smallest particles. Uptake involves an activation diameter, which can be as small as 1 nm for typical vapor concentrations, and subsequent growth rates can be very high, exceeding 1000 nm h<small>⁻¹</small>. In addition to this somewhat surprising behavior, the system provides an exemplary case for semi-volatile reactive uptake within the context of volatility and saturation ratios.</p>","PeriodicalId":72942,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science: atmospheres","volume":" 1","pages":" 67-81"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ea/d4ea00117f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142993896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microplastics in Asia: overcoming sampling, analysis, and regulatory challenges to protect the ecosystem – a review","authors":"Sivamani Sivalingam, P. Gomathi Priya, D. Shanthana Lakshmi and Srinivas T. G. Srimath","doi":"10.1039/D4EA00100A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EA00100A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Microplastics (MPs) are defined as emerging contaminants, named so for the potential danger they pose to public health and the economy. MPs, defined as plastic particles smaller than 5 mm in size, have become significant pollutants, leading to extensive research and regulatory action. Various characterization techniques are discussed, such as FTIR, SEM-EDS, Raman, BET, DSC, XRD, GC-MS, and particle size analysis. Sampling challenges include uneven distribution, lack of standardized methods, and contamination risks. Analytical limitations stem from the need for precise detection, with current methods needing help in differentiating between MPs and other particles. Regulatory frameworks in Asian nations vary; some have comprehensive policies, while others face economic and infrastructural barriers. Researchers face critical challenges in controlling MP contamination in outdoor (OD) and indoor (ID) air. This review examines the current knowledge of the obstacles in sampling and analyzing MPs and an outline of the regulations in different Asian countries with different characterization methods to analyze the MPs. Furthermore, this review emphasizes the importance of unified protocols and strong regulations to improve data comparability and encourage collaborative efforts. By shedding light on the complexities of MP research and regulation in Asia, this paper aims to promote a better understanding and advocate for collective action to address these challenges and safeguard ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":72942,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science: atmospheres","volume":" 12","pages":" 1331-1351"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/ea/d4ea00100a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142778035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does gas-phase sulfur dioxide remove films of atmosphere-extracted organic material from the aqueous aerosol air–water interface?†","authors":"Edward J. Stuckey, Rebecca J. L. Welbourn, Stephanie H. Jones, Alexander J. Armstrong, Matthew Wilkinson, James I. L. Morison and Martin D. King","doi":"10.1039/D4EA00098F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EA00098F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The reaction of gas-phase SO<small>₂</small> with unsaturated carbon–carbon double bonds forms organosulfates at the surface of the aerosol. Previous studies have focused on the reaction products and not the fate of organic films in the atmosphere. Neutron reflectometry was used to study the interaction of gas-phase SO<small>₂</small> at the air–water interface with organic material extracted from atmospheric particulate matter and pure proxy chemicals to determine whether the reaction of organic films with SO<small>₂</small> removes the film and if a product film is formed. Films formed from atmospheric aerosol collected in urban and woodland environments typically produced a layer of approximately 0.6 nm thickness, whereas a thick (&gt;40 nm) film was formed by the woodsmoke sample. Fitting of this thicker woodsmoke film suggested a three-layered structure at the interface that has been interpreted to be consistent with a surfactant-rich layer next to the air–water interface, a mid-layer rich in polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and topped with a more aliphatic region. The multilayer structure of atmospheric extracted material at the air–water interface is potentially an exciting result that requires further study. Gas-phase SO<small>₂</small> was confirmed to react with pure insoluble surfactant molecules at the air–water interface that contained carbon–carbon double bonds (oleic acid) and did not react with a similar saturated surfactant (stearic acid). No reaction was observed during the interaction of SO<small>₂</small> and atmospheric material extracted from urban and woodland environments, and no material appeared to be removed from the interface; however, films made from woodsmoke-extracted material did appear to be altered by SO<small>₂</small> but there was no significant loss of material. In addition, the gas-phase ozone mixing ratios in the neutron blockhouse, which have historically been of some concern for reactions with organics, were found to be of the order 15 ppb, with no evidence of additional production in the neutron beam-path. Owing to a lack of substantial removal of material from real atmospheric extracted films, SO<small>₂</small> is not considered atmospherically significant for the removal of organic films from the air–water interface.</p>","PeriodicalId":72942,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science: atmospheres","volume":" 11","pages":" 1309-1321"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/ea/d4ea00098f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142595207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced detection of aromatic oxidation products using NO3− chemical ionization mass spectrometry with limited nitric acid†","authors":"Olga Garmash, Avinash Kumar, Sakshi Jha, Shawon Barua, Noora Hyttinen, Siddharth Iyer and Matti Rissanen","doi":"10.1039/D4EA00087K","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EA00087K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Nitrate ion-based chemical ionization mass spectrometry (NO<small>₃</small><small>⁻</small>-CIMS) is widely used for detection of highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs). HOMs are known to participate in molecular clustering and new particle formation and growth, and hence understanding the formation pathways and amounts of these compounds in the atmosphere is essential. However, the absence of analytical standards prevents robust quantification of HOM concentrations. In addition, nitrate-based ionization is usually very selective towards the most oxygenated molecules and blind to less oxygenated compounds hindering the investigation of molecular formation pathways. Here, we explore varying concentrations of nitric acid reagent gas in the sheath flow of a chemical ionization inlet as a method for detecting a wider range of oxidation products in laboratory-simulated oxidation of benzene and naphthalene. When the concentration of reagent nitric acid is reduced, we observe an increase in signals of many oxidation products for both precursors suggesting that they are not detected at the collision limit. The sensitivity of naphthalene oxidation products is enhanced to a larger extent than that of benzene products. This enhancement in sensitivity has a negative relationship with molecular oxygen content, the oxygen-to-carbon ratio, the oxidation state of carbon, and lowered volatility. In addition, the sensitivity enhancement is lower for species that contain more exchangeable H-atoms, particularly for accretion products. While more experimental investigations are needed for providing the relationship between enhancement ratios and instrumental sensitivities, we suggest this method as a tool for routine check of collision-limited sensitivities and enhanced detection of lower-oxygenated species.</p>","PeriodicalId":72942,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science: atmospheres","volume":" 12","pages":" 1368-1381"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11505638/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142514090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probe molecular diffusivity in single ternary inorganic–organic microdroplets via interfacial ozonolysis of thiosulfate†","authors":"Tzu-Chiao Hung, Feng-Yu Lin, Shao-Hung Hsu, Toshio Kasai and Yuan-Pin Chang","doi":"10.1039/D4EA00072B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EA00072B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In this study, aqueous sodium thiosulfate microdroplets mixed with glucose or sucrose are used as a model system of ternary inorganic–organic aerosols. The interfacial ozone oxidation of thiosulfate, which has been characterized in our previous work [<em>J. Phys. Chem. C</em>, 2023, <strong>127</strong>, 6248], is exploited <em>via</em> aerosol optical tweezers to determine the bulk diffusivity of thiosulfate in such inorganic–organic microdroplets under variable conditions of RH and inorganic–organic mass ratio. A kinetic multilayer model of aerosol surface and bulk chemistry (KM-SUB) is also utilized to retrieve the bulk diffusivity of thiosulfate from the kinetics measurement results. The kinetics results at relatively high RHs show that the observed reaction time scale increases when lowering RH, and the magnitude of thiosulfate diffusion coefficients is between Stokes–Einstein predictions for binary sodium thiosulfate–water systems and binary organic–water systems, indicating the dominant diffusion kinetics of thiosulfate in viscous fluid matrices of homogeneously mixed inorganics and organics. However, when RH is below 30% for glucose or 40% for sucrose, the kinetics results exhibit incomplete thiosulfate depletion upon prolonged ozone exposure, indicating the co-existence of two distinctly fast and slow diffusion components of thiosulfate. The diffusion coefficients of undepleted thiosulfates become similar to the SE predictions of binary organic–water systems, and they are a few orders of magnitude smaller than those of rapidly depleted thiosulfates. According to the literature, such a diffusion limitation may be attributed to an ion–molecule effect which may lead to the formation of inorganic–organic microgels in aerosols at atmospherically relevant RHs. The results of this work suggest that the cooperative effects of inorganics and organics can play a potential role in the reaction kinetics of atmospheric inorganic–organic aerosols.</p>","PeriodicalId":72942,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science: atmospheres","volume":" 12","pages":" 1398-1412"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/ea/d4ea00072b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142778061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicological evaluation of SVOCs in exhaust emissions from light-duty vehicles using different fuel alternatives under sub-freezing conditions†","authors":"Mo Yang, Päivi Aakko-Saksa, Henri Hakkarainen, Topi Rönkkö, Päivi Koponen, Xiao-Wen Zeng, Guang-Hui Dong and Pasi I. Jalava","doi":"10.1039/D4EA00062E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EA00062E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in exhaust gas, though not directly regulated by emission standards, play a crucial role in assessing both conventional and alternative fuels. Our aim is to compare the differences in and toxicological effects of SVOC exhaust emissions from conventional and alternative fuels under sub-freezing conditions. High levels of NO<small>_<em>x</em></small>, CO<small>₂</small> and PAHs in SVOCs were observed in DI-E2 (EN590 winter-grade diesel), with E10 (gasoline with 10% ethanol) exhibiting higher CO<small>₂</small> and PAH levels compared to E85 (high-blend ethanol with an 83/17% ethanol–gasoline ratio). SVOCs from DI-E6 (EN590 diesel) demonstrated significant cytotoxicity, while E10 resulted in higher inflammatory mediators and genotoxicity. Our findings show that SVOC composition and toxicity in exhaust gas differ based on the fuel type. Despite new emissions regulations reducing diesel vehicle emissions, SVOC toxicity remains unchanged. Toxicity from SVOCs in compressed natural gas and ethanol/gasoline vehicles is notable, with gasoline exhaust showing high inflammatory and genotoxic potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":72942,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science: atmospheres","volume":" 11","pages":" 1255-1265"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/ea/d4ea00062e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142595203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trace elements in PM2.5 shed light on Saharan dust incursions over the Munich airshed in spring 2022†","authors":"Sara Padoan, Alessandro Zappi, Jan Bendl, Tanja Herrmann, Ajit Mudan, Carsten Neukirchen, Erika Brattich, Laura Tositti and Thomas Adam","doi":"10.1039/D4EA00092G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EA00092G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The influence of a prolonged Saharan Dust event across Europe and specifically in Munich (Germany) in March 2022 was detected and analyzed in detail. The event arose from a sequence of Saharan Dust incursions intertwined with a stagnation in the regional circulation leading to the persistence of a mineral dust plume for several weeks over the region. Trace element and meteorological data were collected. Enrichment factors, size distribution analyses, and multivariate techniques such as Varimax and Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) were applied to highlight the influence of Saharan Dusts and to evaluate the pollution sources in Munich municipality. The overall results revealed how the Munich airshed was clearly affected by long-distance mineral dusts from the North African desert, that increased the concentrations of natural (<em>e.g.</em> Al, Mg, Ca) and anthropogenic (<em>e.g.</em> Sb, Mo, Pb) elements based on the different paths followed by the dusts. Moreover, the chemometric analyses revealed a range of well-defined local anthropogenic emission sources including road traffic, energy production by coal combustion (S and Se), traffic (Cu, Sb), and waste incineration (Zn).</p>","PeriodicalId":72942,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science: atmospheres","volume":" 11","pages":" 1266-1282"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/ea/d4ea00092g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142595204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating emissions and meteorological contributions to air quality trends in northern China based on measurements at a regional background station†","authors":"Weiwei Pu, Yingruo Li, Xiaowan Zhu, Xiangxue Liu, Di He, Fan Dong, Heng Guo, Guijie Zhao, Liyan Zhou, Shuangshuang Ge and Zhiqiang Ma","doi":"10.1039/D4EA00070F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EA00070F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The contributions of meteorology and emissions to air pollutant trends are critical for air quality management, but they have not been fully analyzed, especially in the background area of northern China. Here, we used a machine learning technique to quantify the impacts of meteorological conditions and emissions on PM<small>_2.5</small>, NO<small>₂</small>, SO<small>₂</small>, O<small>₃</small>, and CO pollution during 2013–2021 and evaluated their contributions to Clean Air Action policies. The annual effect of the meteorology on PM<small>_2.5</small>, NO<small>₂</small>, SO<small>₂</small>, and CO levels was dominated by the meteorological conditions during the cold season, while that of the O<small>₃</small> level largely depended on the meteorological conditions during the warm season. Meteorology-driven anomalies contributed −14.8 to 10.3%, −8.5 to 7.3%, −11 to 7.1%, −7.9 to 6.0%, and −7.4 to 7.3% to the annual mean concentrations of PM<small>_2.5</small>, NO<small>₂</small>, SO<small>₂</small>, O<small>₃</small>, and CO during the study period, respectively. The Clean Air Actions have led to a major improvement in the air quality at regional scale, with the reduction of 1.7 μg m<small>⁻³</small> year<small>⁻¹</small>, 0.2 μg m<small>⁻³</small> year<small>⁻¹</small>, 1.5 μg m<small>⁻³</small> year<small>⁻¹</small>, 0.7 μg m<small>⁻³</small> year<small>⁻¹</small>, and 0.03 mg m<small>⁻³</small> year<small>⁻¹</small> for PM<small>_2.5</small>, NO<small>₂</small>, SO<small>₂</small>, O<small>₃</small>, and CO at background area, respectively, after meteorological correction. Although emissions dominated the long-term variations in pollutants, the meteorological conditions obviously played a positive role during the action periods for pollutants except for O<small>₃</small>. Considering the notable effects of the meteorological conditions on air pollution and the interreaction between pollutants, a more comprehensive control strategy should be considered on a broader regional scale.</p>","PeriodicalId":72942,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science: atmospheres","volume":" 11","pages":" 1283-1293"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/ea/d4ea00070f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142595205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of mass concentrations of airborne PET microplastics using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)†","authors":"Durga Prasad Patnana and B. P. Chandra","doi":"10.1039/D4EA00047A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EA00047A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Microplastics (MPs) have recently become a growing environmental pollution concern. MPs are easily transferred and ubiquitously found in ambient air. MPs in the air can act as carriers for several toxic pollutants, and exposure to MPs can lead to pulmonary diseases in humans. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is one of the most abundant MPs used in the manufacturing of various fibres and plastics. In this study, we present a method for the determination of mass concentrations of PET MPs in the airborne inhalable fraction of fine particulate matter (PM<small>_2.5</small>) using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Teflon and quartz fiber filters were tested for extraction efficiency in measuring the mass concentrations of airborne PET MPs. Teflon filters showed good recovery (80–120%) compared to quartz fiber filters. Using this method, a pilot study was carried out in Delhi, the national capital of India, and Mohali, a suburban city in the northwest Indo-Gangetic Plain (NWIGP), for the determination of mass concentrations of PET MPs present in airborne PM<small>_2.5</small>. The observed maximum mass concentrations of PET MPs in airborne PM<small>_2.5</small> in Delhi and Mohali are 135.20 ng m<small>⁻³</small> and 157.98 ng m<small>⁻³</small>, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":72942,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science: atmospheres","volume":" 12","pages":" 1352-1357"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/ea/d4ea00047a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142778036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}