Environmental science: atmospheres最新文献

{"title":"Glow discharge induced reactions in mixtures of ozone and chlorodifluoromethane with atmospheric gases","authors":"A. Dorn, H. Mutaf, R. Orhan, W. Wolff, T. Pfeifer and H. Ahmedov","doi":"10.1039/D5EA00113G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EA00113G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The influence of extraterrestrial particles like cosmic radiation (CR) on the chemistry and ozone density in the Earth's stratosphere is not well investigated and normally neglected in stratospheric chemistry models. Here we present the commissioning of a lab-based apparatus which aims at simulating conditions in the stratosphere in order to get better insight into the reactions induced by the secondary-particle showers from high-energetic CR which can reach low altitudes. Admixtures of ozone and the halocarbon CHClF<small>₂</small> (R22, chlorodifluoromethane) to atmospheric gases (N<small>₂</small>, O<small>₂</small>, Ar) were exposed to a glow discharge in the total pressure regime of a few hPa. According to the mass spectrometric analysis of the gas composition the discharge initiates significant ozone depletion by a factor four in the absence of R22. This depletion is strongly enhanced to two orders of magnitude in the presence of R22. The possible underlying reactions are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":72942,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science: atmospheres","volume":" 5","pages":" 736-743"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/ea/d5ea00113g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147978712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the atmospheric cycle of microplastics: from emission to deposition","authors":"Jiajia Shan, Bominghan Yu, Jindong Guo, Wenliang Chen, Ying Su, Xue Wang and Xin Wang","doi":"10.1039/D5EA00162E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EA00162E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Atmospheric microplastic (AMP) has recently emerged as a potential vector in the global carbon cycle, and a novel factor influencing the climate system. Previous studies on microplastics primarily focused on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, while research on AMP remains insufficient. Given the unique mobility of AMP and its function as a vector linking land, ocean, and atmosphere, this review provides a comprehensive synthesis of current knowledge on AMPs, with a focus on their sources, spatiotemporal distribution, transport and deposition processes, and detection and quantification techniques. Previous literature indicates that AMP originates from diverse sources, and its atmospheric distribution exhibits pronounced spatial heterogeneity, with transmission and deposition processes driven by meteorological conditions, particle properties, and surface–atmosphere interactions. However, substantial knowledge gaps remain regarding standardized monitoring methods, long-range transport mechanisms, and the implications of AMPs for atmospheric processes and climate forcing. In particular, limitations in detection and quantification techniques hinder accurate assessment of AMP in the atmosphere. Here, this review provides theoretical support for a comprehensive understanding of the global cycle of AMP, which offers a scientific basis for relevant environmental risk assessment and climate management decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":72942,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science: atmospheres","volume":" 5","pages":" 617-632"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/ea/d5ea00162e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147978701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seven years of measurements of equivalent black carbon at the Capo Granitola WMO-GAW station: influence of local vegetation fires","authors":"Salvatore Sodano, Stefania Gilardoni, Angela Marinoni, Tony C. Landi, Davide Putero, Giorgio Tranchida, Luca Di Liberto and Paolo Bonasoni","doi":"10.1039/D5EA00128E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EA00128E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study investigates the influence of local vegetation fires on equivalent black carbon (eBC) concentrations using seven years of satellite and ground-based observations combined with HYSPLIT back-trajectory analysis. Measurements were collected at the ‘Rita Atria’ Climate Observatory at Capo Granitola (CGR), a WMO-GAW background-coastal regional station located on the south-west coast of Sicily in the central Mediterranean Basin. Between 2015 and 2021, the Sicilian region experienced approximately 6330 vegetation fires, with 74% occurring during the summer season. The total burned area amounted to 135 thousand hectares (ha), with roughly 30% being forested land, averaging about 6.1 kha per year, and 67% affecting other types of vegetation. The average eBC concentration was 0.49 ± 0.69 µg m<small>⁻³</small>, with significant interannual variability. 10% of the days were characterized by eBC concentrations exceeding the climatological average, referred to as acute days. Using back-trajectory analysis, vegetation fire influence on acute eBC days was evaluated using satellite-based MODIS/VIIRS active-fire pixels and ground-based burned areas from the Sicilian Forest Information System (SIF). We found matches for 46% and 18% of acute days, respectively, consistent with the different nature and coverage of the two products. A statistically significant increasing trend of eBC concentration during the acute days was observed (0.04 µg m<small>⁻³</small> per year), consistent with an increase in the frequency of vegetation fires, highlighting the intensifying impact of these events on air quality in the central Mediterranean.</p>","PeriodicalId":72942,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science: atmospheres","volume":" 5","pages":" 724-735"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/ea/d5ea00128e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147978711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating rate coefficients for the reactions of ethers + OH from atmospheric to combustion temperatures: an extension of the electrotopological state method","authors":"Lisa Michelat, John J. Orlando, William P. L. Carter and Max R. McGillen","doi":"10.1039/D5EA00165J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EA00165J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The reactions of ethers with OH present a challenge to estimation techniques. These hydrogen abstraction reactions exhibit both positive and negative temperature dependences according to temperature regime and degree of halogenation. Positive temperature dependence relates to reactants overcoming energy barriers in the primary process of hydrogen abstraction, and is readily described using a recently developed structure–activity relationship based upon the electrotopological state (E-state). Conversely, we attribute the negative temperature dependence to the formation of van der Waals (vdW) pre-reactive complexes that facilitate reactions through quantum tunnelling, for which we have developed a simple parameterization. This is implemented in the current version of the E-state code in a modular fashion, leaving the original parameterization for alkanes and haloalkanes unmodified. We find that this treatment combined with the <em>a priori</em> information provided by the E-state affords, to some extent, the decoupling of these opposing behaviours leading to a robust prediction of temperature-dependent rate coefficients with OH, <em>k</em>(<em>T</em>), compared with existing methodologies. This approach, named E-stateXvdW, provides site-specific, temperature-dependent estimates implemented in a freely available open-source Python programme that can estimate large batches of compounds automatically and at negligible computational cost over a broad temperature range (∼190–1500 K). This method applies to all acyclic non-halogenated and halogenated ethers of composition C<small>_<em>n</em></small>O<small>_{≤<em>n</em>−1}</small>H<small>_<em>m</em></small>X<small>_{2<em>n</em>+2−<em>m</em>}</small>, and provisionally, all cyclic ethers of composition C<small>_<em>n</em></small>O<small>_{≤<em>n</em>−1}</small>H<small>_<em>m</em></small>X<small>_{2<em>n</em>−<em>m</em>}</small>, where X represents any combination of F, Cl, Br and I, <em>n</em> = [1, 2, …] and <em>m</em> = [1, 2, …, 2<em>n</em> + 2]. This approach may be useful to modellers and environmental scientists who wish to assess the fate of industrially important etheric molecules, as well as those chemists with an interest in rationalizing the reactivity of molecules based on their structural characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":72942,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science: atmospheres","volume":" 5","pages":" 710-723"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/ea/d5ea00165j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147978710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Airborne measurements of peroxyacetyl nitric anhydride (PAN) and peroxyacetic acid (PAA) over the Amazon rainforest: the role of isoprene and the fate of the peroxyacetyl radical","authors":"Carolina Nelson, Matthias Kohl, Sergey Gromov, Andrea Pozzer, Simone T. Andersen, Raphael Dörich, Jos Lelieveld and John N. Crowley","doi":"10.1039/D5EA00169B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EA00169B","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p &gt;PAN (CH&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;C(O)O&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;NO&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;) and PAA (CH&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;C(O)OOH) are formed in the atmosphere uniquely and competitively from the same precursor radical (CH&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;C(O)O&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;), whereby the relative rates of formation of PAN and PAA are determined by the abundances of HO&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt; and NO&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;. Here, we present airborne measurements of PAN and PAA in an altitude range from 0.3–15 km over the Amazon rainforest during the CAFE Brazil campaign, which took place from December 2022 to January 2023. Median PAA mixing ratios (&lt;em&gt;ca.&lt;/em&gt; 340 pptv) across all analysed flights exceed those of PAN (&lt;em&gt;ca.&lt;/em&gt; 65 pptv) by more than a factor of 5 in the mid troposphere around 6 km altitude, underlining the dominance of HO&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt; over NO&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt; chemistry under low NO&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;em&gt;X&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt; conditions of the Amazon rainforest. Within experimental uncertainty, the median vertical profiles of PAA and PAN throughout the entire measurement campaign are reproduced by the EMAC global chemical transport model. The EMAC analysis reveals that the oxidation of isoprene (emitted from the rainforest) is the primary source of the CH&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;C(O)O&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt; radical. With an average contribution of ∼31%, the main direct precursor of CH&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;C(O)O&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt; is methylglyoxal (CH&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;C(O)CHO), followed by acetaldehyde (17%) and methyl vinyl ketone (10%). At altitudes between 12 and 14 km, only a few percent (&lt;5%) of CH&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;C(O)O&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt; radicals formed result in the production of PAN and PAA. The dominant sink of CH&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;C(O)O&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt; in the upper troposphere is NO, while at lower altitudes, its reaction with other organic peroxy radicals produces acetic acid and CH&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;O&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;. The CH&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;O&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt; production resulting (&lt;em&gt;via&lt;/em&gt; reactions of CH&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;C(O)O&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;) from isoprene oxidation over the Amazon rainforest contributes between 9 and 44% to total CH&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;O&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt; production and surpasses the contribution from methane oxidation at altitudes below 4 km. Through the formation of CH&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;C(O)O&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, isoprene oxidation in this region thus significantly influences not only PAN and PAA formation but also the yields of acetic acid as well as methylperoxynitrate, methylhydroperoxide and formaldehyde, which are products of CH&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;O&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt; reactions with HO&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt; and NO, and photochemical precursors to HO&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;em&gt;x&lt;/","PeriodicalId":72942,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science: atmospheres","volume":" 5","pages":" 687-702"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/ea/d5ea00169b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147978708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical properties of prebiotic seawater analogs and sea-spray aerosols","authors":"Mae K. A. Johnson, Alexander Logozzo, Aaron M. Palmisano, Vahid Shahabadi, James F. Davies and Thomas C. Preston","doi":"10.1039/D6EA00030D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D6EA00030D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Optical constants for plausible Hadean seawater and seawater-derived marine aerosols are needed to constrain early Earth radiative transfer and surface photochemistry, yet they remain poorly characterized. Here we report the wavelength-, temperature-, and water-activity-dependent complex refractive index, <em>m</em>(<em>λ</em>) = <em>n</em>(<em>λ</em>) + <em>ik</em>(<em>λ</em>), for modern seawater and three model prebiotic seawater compositions chosen to represent the leading hypotheses for primordial ocean chemistry, including sulfate-depleted, chloride-dominated analogs and a Ca-enriched, crust-controlled analog. Using single-particle measurements <em>via</em> optical trapping (OT) and an electrodynamic balance (EDB), we retrieve <em>n</em> and quantify weak visible absorption (<em>k</em> on the order of 10<small>⁻⁹</small>) across water activities relevant to concentrated sea-spray aerosol and near-surface waters. Complementary bulk refractometry extends the dataset to high water activity and provides the temperature dependence of <em>n</em> from 10–70 °C. The measurements are consistent with an effective-oscillator description for weakly absorbing aqueous aerosols. EDB measurements additionally confirm that the three prebiotic solutions exhibit similar hygroscopic growth, supporting their use as controlled analogs for seawater-derived aerosol particles. Together, these results provide physically grounded inputs for paleoclimate radiative-transfer calculations and for representing the optical impacts of marine aerosols generated from hypothesized early Earth seawater.</p>","PeriodicalId":72942,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science: atmospheres","volume":" 5","pages":" 633-643"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/ea/d6ea00030d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147978702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurements and model comparisons suggest that HONO is not an important source of OH radical concentrations below a rural forest canopy","authors":"Bode Hoover, Emily Reidy, Ian Spink, Amanda Hamachek, Brandon Bottorff and Philip S. Stevens","doi":"10.1039/D5EA00122F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EA00122F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The hydroxyl radical (OH) initiates the oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere, leading to the production of ozone and secondary organic aerosols (SOA). While nitrous acid (HONO) can be an important OH source during the daytime, the mechanisms controlling HONO concentrations remain poorly understood, with unknown sources commonly reported. To improve our understanding of their sources and sinks, HONO and OH concentrations were measured below a forest canopy using a Laser-Photofragmentation/Laser-Induced Fluorescence instrument and were modeled using a zero-dimensional model based on the Master Chemical Mechanism. Heterogeneous conversion of NO<small>₂</small> on ground surfaces dominated nighttime HONO production (95%) while the reaction between OH and NO was the dominant daytime source (77%). Deposition was a primary HONO removal process at night (99%) and during the day (64%) followed by photolysis (34%). Overall, the model was able to reproduce the HONO measurements, although it could not reproduce observed increases in HONO during individual rain events, which were likely due to elevated heterogeneous production. Measured concentrations of OH were similar to previous observations above the canopy at this site, suggesting that significant chemical oxidation was occurring in the canopy that could impact the concentration of oxygenated VOCs and SOA above the canopy. Ozonolysis of monoterpenes was a dominant source of radicals below the canopy, accounting for 70% of total radical initiation. Photolysis of HONO contributed approximately 1% to total radical initiation, suggesting that at this site HONO is not an important source of OH radicals beneath the canopy.</p>","PeriodicalId":72942,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science: atmospheres","volume":" 5","pages":" 661-675"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/ea/d5ea00122f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147978707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nocturnal vertical gradients in O3, PAN and PAA in a boreal forest: the role of chemical reactions, deposition and entrainment","authors":"Simone T. Andersen, Carolina Nelson, Laura Wüst, Patrick Dewald, Gunther N. T. E. Türk, Jan Schuladen, Horst Fischer, Mikael Ehn, Tuukka Petäjä, Üllar Rannik, Ilona Ylivinkka, Lauri R. Ahonen, Robby Rynek, Helko Borsdorf, Thomas Mayer, Jos Lelieveld and John N. Crowley","doi":"10.1039/D5EA00159E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EA00159E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The complex interplay between different processes (physical losses, chemical losses and entrainment) defines the vertical gradient of many trace gases in forested environments. Despite this, height-resolved measurements of trace gases within a forest canopy are scarce. We present measurements of O<small>₃</small>, PAN (peroxy acetyl nitric anhydride, CH<small>₃</small>C(O)OONO<small>₂</small>), and PAA (peroxy acetic acid, CH<small>₃</small>C(O)OOH) at 6 heights between 1 and 28 m above and below the canopy at the SMEAR II site in the Finnish boreal forest. Through analysis of O<small>₃</small>, PAN, and PAA nocturnal time-series we derived their height-dependent net loss rate coefficients. The net lifetimes of O<small>₃</small>, PAN and PAA were highly variable with values of 1.5–42 h, 1.0–29 h, and 0.7–15 h, respectively, with the shortest lifetimes often measured at the lowest heights. The relative loss rates of PAN or PAA compared to O<small>₃</small> (<em>k</em><small>_PAN</small>/<em>k</em><small>_{O<small>₃</small>}</small> and <em>k</em><small>_PAA</small>/<em>k</em><small>_{O<small>₃</small>}</small>) varied between 1.0–3.0 (85% of the measurements) and 1.0–5.0 (78% of the measurements) with medians of 1.7 and 2.4, respectively. The physical loss of O<small>₃</small>, PAN and PAA was the major loss process (&gt;90%), with chemical losses playing only a minor role. Entrainment significantly compensated for the physical and chemical losses and led to reduced net loss values of each trace gas, with exceptions encountered on a few nights when the sub-canopy and above-canopy air masses were decoupled as a result of <em>e.g.</em> low wind speed and friction velocity. Our vertical profiles of O<small>₃</small>, PAN, and PAA reveal the complex interplay of boundary layer dynamics and chemistry at this forested location.</p>","PeriodicalId":72942,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science: atmospheres","volume":" 4","pages":" 496-514"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/ea/d5ea00159e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147734725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward reliable air quality simulations over India: optimizing WRF-Chem through comprehensive sensitivity analysis of meteorology, physical parameterizations, and emission inventories","authors":"Indranil Nandi and Dilip Ganguly","doi":"10.1039/D5EA00167F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EA00167F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Air pollution in India remains a severe environmental and public health challenge, intensified by meteorological conditions, particularly during winter and the post-monsoon season. This study conducts a systematic, multi-component sensitivity evaluation of the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) to identify an optimal configuration for simulating air quality over India. We assess the influence of meteorological initial and boundary conditions, physical and chemical parameterization schemes, emission inventories, and grid-nudging strengths through simulations for two contrasting periods, the monsoon season (August 2018) and winter (January 2019). Model performance is strongly configuration dependent, with ECMWF Reanalysis 5th Generation (ERA5) meteorology substantially improving the representation of surface temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and vertical thermodynamic structure. Incorporating moderate grid nudging (0.0005 s<small>⁻¹</small>) reduced relative humidity biases by 13% during January 2019 and improved temperature inversion strength and planetary boundary layer (PBL) representation. The Yonsei University PBL (YSU) and Lin microphysics schemes produced the most realistic PBL heights, rainfall fields, and wet-deposition-driven pollutant removal. For atmospheric composition, the Model for Ozone And Related chemical Tracers coupled with Model for Simulating Aerosol Interactions and Chemistry (MOZART-MOSAIC) mechanism, combined with the high-resolution Speciated Multi-pollutant Generator – Coordinated Aerosol and Pollution Source Emissions for Chemical Evaluation (SMoG-COALESCE) emission inventory, yielded the most accurate simulations of PM<small>_2.5</small>, SO<small>₂</small>, O<small>₃</small>, and CO across urban and rural regions. The integrated optimal configuration improved model skill relative to Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) surface measurements, reanalysis products, and satellite datasets. These results demonstrate the need for coordinated evaluation of meteorological and chemical components in WRF-Chem and provide a robust modelling framework for improving air-quality prediction and supporting policy-relevant assessments of pollution mitigation strategies over India.</p>","PeriodicalId":72942,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science: atmospheres","volume":" 5","pages":" 644-660"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/ea/d5ea00167f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147978706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Yields of perfluorocarboxylic acids from the atmospheric oxidation of Montreal Protocol related gases","authors":"M. P. Sulbaek Andersen, T. J. Wallington, J. B. Burkholder, S. Madronich, M. L. Hanson, D. Van Hoomissen and K. R. Solomon","doi":"10.1039/D6EA90009G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D6EA90009G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Correction for ‘Yields of perfluorocarboxylic acids from the atmospheric oxidation of Montreal Protocol related gases’ by M. P. Sulbaek Andersen <em>et al.</em>, <em>Environ. Sci.: Atmos.</em>, 2026, https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EA00179J.</p>","PeriodicalId":72942,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science: atmospheres","volume":" 4","pages":" 607-608"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/ea/d6ea90009g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147734786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}