Environmental science: atmospheres最新文献

{"title":"Laboratory development and validation of vapor phase PFAS methods for soil gas, sewer gas, and indoor air†","authors":"Heidi Hayes, Chris Lutes, Nicola Watson, Diane Benton, David J. Hanigan, Seth McCoy, Chase Holton, Katherine E. Bronstein, Brian Schumacher, John Zimmerman and Alan Williams","doi":"10.1039/D4EA00084F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EA00084F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >There is no standard sampling and analysis method for vapor phase per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) that can be routinely applied to soil gas, sewer/conduit gas, and indoor air samples. We have validated a thermal desorption GC/MS/MS method for the measurement of a set of fluorotelomer alcohols and perfluorooctanesulfonamides collected on multi-bed sorbent tubes. Applications to perfluorocarboxylic acids were also evaluated since there is debate regarding under what circumstances these compounds could be observed moving into gas phase. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) met Method TO-17 calibration requirements when calibrated using National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) traceable standard solutions introduced through the thermal desorption system and using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions based on precursor mass ions identified in the PFOA spectra. However, subsequent detailed studies suggested that PFOA was decomposing during the thermal desorption sample introduction step when comparing two alternative GC/MS sample introduction techniques. The primary peak resulting from the thermal desorption of PFOA standard had spectra consistent with perfluoro-1-heptene (PFHp-1), suggesting that a degradation reaction was occurring. Therefore, the identification of the PFCA compounds in this method is currently subject to a potential positive interference from the corresponding perfluoroalkene and other thermally labile PFAS. Thus, it may be beneficial to limit the application of the thermal desorption GC/MS/MS method to the fluorotelomer alcohols and perfluorooctanesulfonamides and use a parallel solvent extraction approach to quantify the PFCA-related compounds. Method validation including desorption efficiency, second source verification, storage stability and method detection limit tests were successfully completed for the fluorotelomer alcohols and perfluorooctanesulfonamides target analytes.</p>","PeriodicalId":72942,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science: atmospheres","volume":" 1","pages":" 94-109"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ea/d4ea00084f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142994121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aerosol and precipitation composition at a coastal New England site (Acadia National Park): implications for air quality and aerosol composition during cold air outbreaks†","authors":"Addison Seckar-Martinez, Grace Betito, Lakshmi Parakkat and Armin Sorooshian","doi":"10.1039/D4EA00119B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EA00119B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study investigates aerosol and wet deposition chemistry at Acadia National Park (Maine, U.S.) using data between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2021. Results show that PM<small>_2.5</small> is highest in summer and dominated by sulfate salts and organics (less contribution from elemental carbon), whereas nitrate salts and sea salt were highest in winter. Fine soil is most pronounced from March through August due most likely to long-range transport. Residual mass (PM<small>_2.5</small> – reconstructed PM<small>_2.5</small>) was negative from November–March, with reasons discussed for its seasonal changes. Major regional sources of pollution are upwind from populated cities generally to the southwest of Acadia. Extreme PM<small>_2.5</small> events are mostly driven by regional pollution events with others due to transported summertime biomass burning plumes that increased in frequency in the most recent years. Aerosol composition on cold air outbreak days showed that ammonium sulfate and organics dominated PM<small>_2.5</small>, which provides useful information for studies focused on understanding the formation and evolution of offshore cloud decks during the winter. Monthly mean pH in wet deposition ranges from 4.8 to 5.1 with the lowest values in July when contributions from acidic ions are highest (sulfate, nitrate). Average annual pH increased from 4.64 to 5.23 over the study period coincident with reductions in sulfate and nitrate levels. Sea salt constituents dominated the wet deposition aqueous ion concentrations from November to March, whereas in the other months sulfate and nitrate were highest. Interrelationships between aerosol and wet deposition species relevant to secondarily produced species, dust, and sea salt provide support for aerosol–precipitation interactions that warrant a further look with more robust methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":72942,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science: atmospheres","volume":" 1","pages":" 110-128"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ea/d4ea00119b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142993748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the impact of forest fires on air quality in Northeast India","authors":"Sonal Kumari, Latha Radhadevi, Nihal Gujre, Nageswar Rao and Murthy Bandaru","doi":"10.1039/D4EA00107A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EA00107A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study investigates the impact of forest fires on air quality in India's northeastern (NE) region, focusing on Guwahati, Tezpur, and Aizawl. The North-Eastern Forest cluster, contributing 36% to the total forest cover, emerges as a hotspot with the highest number of fire detections (40%). Population growth and shifting cultivation practices have intensified the frequency of fires. The study spans 2013–2016, assessing PM<small>₁₀</small>, PM<small>_2.5</small>, ozone (O<small>₃</small>), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxide (NO<small>_<em>x</em></small>) concentrations in the three NE cities. Guwahati consistently recorded PM<small>₁₀</small> concentrations above National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), indicating persistent air quality challenges. Tezpur and Aizawl maintained concentrations below NAAQS, with Aizawl displaying Good to Satisfactory air quality on a significant portion of observed days. During forest fire (FF) events from 2013 to 2016, PM<small>₁₀</small>, PM<small>_2.5</small>, O<small>₃</small>, CO, and NO<small>_<em>x</em></small> concentrations rose, suggesting a direct correlation between FF and deteriorating air quality, especially when FF counts were above 100. During these events, a shift in air quality levels was observed, affecting most parameters in Aizawl and varying for other cities. Diurnal patterns during FF events indicated increased pollutant levels. The most prominent change was observed in PM<small>₁₀</small> in all stations. Backward air–mass trajectory analysis confirms the influence of NE-India as a significant pollution source during FF. This study underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions to mitigate the impact of FF on air quality in the NE region, emphasising the intricate relationship between ecological practices, forest fires and atmospheric conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":72942,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science: atmospheres","volume":" 1","pages":" 82-93"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ea/d4ea00107a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142993899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative potential of atmospheric particulate matter collected in low-income urban settlements in South Africa","authors":"Constance K. Segakweng, Pieter G. Van Zyl, Cathy Liousse, S. Gnamien, Eric Gardrat, Johan P. Beukes, Kerneels Jaars, C. Dumat, B. Guinot, Micky Josipovic, Brigitte Language, Roelof P. Burger, Stuart J. Piketh and T. Xiong","doi":"10.1039/D4EA00109E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EA00109E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Health-related impacts <em>e.g.</em> respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, associated with exposure to atmospheric particulate matter (PM) are globally considered important and are not completely understood. Oxidative potential (OP), defined as a measure of the capacity of PM to oxidise target molecules, has been previously proposed as an alternative relevant biological metric in health studies to better quantify toxicological responses associated with PM exposure than aerosol mass alone. Several methods are currently used to assess the oxidative capacity of PM. In this study, the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay was used, which is the most commonly used technique to estimate OP. This assessment is easy-to-operate, low-cost, effective and reproducible. The first step was to modify the DTT methodology based on previous applications, which entailed choosing an appropriate extraction procedure and -setup. The redox activity of size-resolved PM samples collected in three low-income urban settlements in South Africa, <em>i.e.</em> Jouberton, KwaZamokuhle and Zamdela was evaluated and related to their chemical composition through correlation analysis. Furthermore, it was attempted to determine seasonal variations of DTT redox activity through normalisation according to PM mass (DTTm) and sampled volume (DTTv) for outdoor and indoor environments. The results indicated higher redox activity for the finest (&lt;1 μm) particles compared to the coarser particulates (1–10 μm) for both outdoor and indoor environments. DTT redox activity of PM, especially, in the PM<small>_1–10</small> particle size fraction, had strong correlations with elemental (EC) and organic carbon (OC), as well as trace elements and water-soluble inorganic species for outdoor and indoor samples. Possible atmospheric aerosol emission sources suggested from these correlations include primary emissions from domestic- and open biomass burning, vehicles and industrial activities, as well as secondary particle formation (<em>e.g.</em> sulphate).</p>","PeriodicalId":72942,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science: atmospheres","volume":" 1","pages":" 48-66"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ea/d4ea00109e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142993895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the influence of physical and chemical factors on new particle formation in a polluted megacity†","authors":"Umer Ali, Vikram Singh, Mohd Faisal, Mayank Kumar and Shahzad Gani","doi":"10.1039/D4EA00114A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EA00114A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Delhi is one of the most polluted regions in the world, yet studies focusing simultaneously on atmospheric aerosol particle size distribution (PSD) and chemical composition, as well as their inter-relationship, are still lacking. Additionally, the high condensation sink (CS) in Delhi has drawn less attention to new particle formation (NPF) and the role of chemical composition. This study explored the intricate interplay among particle size distribution, meteorology, and chemical composition within the atmospheric environment of Delhi. Our findings reveal pronounced seasonal variations in the particle number and mass concentration levels following variations in atmospheric conditions and emission sources across different seasons. Furthermore, we identified condensation sink as a primary factor governing the NPF, with no NPF event observed when daytime CS was above 0.06 s<small>⁻¹</small>. While precursors such as H<small>₂</small>SO<small>₄</small> and NH<small>₃</small> were abundant, they did not appear to be limiting factors for NPF. However, due to the lack of direct measurements of sub-10 nm particles and precursor gases such as H<small>₂</small>SO<small>₄</small>, amines, and organic vapours, the conclusions regarding the role of chemical precursors remain speculative. Furthermore, on days with comparable condensation sinks, the chemical composition exhibits no significant variation between NPF and non-NPF days, with organics contributing to about 50% of the PM<small>_2.5</small>, emphasizing the dominance of physical processes. Our observations highlight the critical influence of relative humidity on particle formation, with higher atmospheric liquid water content inhibiting NPF. Additionally, we investigated the simultaneous time variations in PSD and mass composition of PM<small>_2.5</small>, revealing significant mass composition variations during the first (daytime) and second (night-time) growth. Notably, during the daytime growth of nucleated particles, increases in sulphate and low volatile oxygenated organics suggest the involvement of sulphuric acid and oxidized vapours in early particle growth. However, the unclear relationship between the growth rate and chemical composition reveals the complexity of new particle formation in polluted environments such as Delhi. While PM<small>_2.5</small> composition offers insights into growth processes, its relevance to nucleation-mode particles is limited. Thus, this study further emphasizes the need for sub-10 nm PSD and precursor gaseous measurements to seek a better understanding of NPF in a high CS environment in the Global South.</p>","PeriodicalId":72942,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science: atmospheres","volume":" 1","pages":" 25-47"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ea/d4ea00114a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142993894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen-containing organic aerosols and highly oxidized molecules produced by reaction of ozone with floor cleaning detergent†","authors":"Jinli Xu, Tianle Pan, Tingting Feng, Yingkun Wang, Wei Chen, Weiwei Hu and Sasho Gligorovski","doi":"10.1039/D4EA00076E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EA00076E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Cleaning detergents are a source of numerous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which are highly reactive towards ozone leading to the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) in indoor environments. Here we perform real-time measurements of the organic composition of aerosols produced upon ozone reaction with floor cleaning detergent by extractive electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (EESI-TOF-MS) coupled to a chamber reactor. The experiments were performed in the absence of light and under light irradiation (320 nm &lt; <em>λ</em> &lt; 400 nm) simulating the fraction of sunlight that penetrates indoors. The multiple increases in particle number concentrations correspond to rise in the signal intensity of specific species. Notably, the secondary increase in particle mass concentration is mainly contributed by highly oxidized molecules (HOMs), which increased from 16.5% upon ozone oxidation to 19.9% under photo-oxidation reactions. A large fraction of CHON compounds such as imidazole, pyrazine/pyrimidine, and azaindole was observed most likely formed through the reaction of O<small>₃</small> with benzothiazole (constituent of the cleaning detergent). The difference between the molecular compositions detected in the absence of light and in the presence of light indicates that sunlight penetrating through the windows can affect the SOA produced by the reaction of ozone with the floor cleaning detergent.</p>","PeriodicalId":72942,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science: atmospheres","volume":" 12","pages":" 1358-1367"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/ea/d4ea00076e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142778060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"URMELL – part II: semi-explicit isoprene and aromatics gasSOA modelling†","authors":"Marie Luise Luttkus, Erik Hans Hoffmann, Andreas Tilgner, Jana Wackermann, Hartmut Herrmann and Ralf Wolke","doi":"10.1039/D4EA00075G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EA00075G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Oxidation of emitted anthropogenic and biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and subsequent chemical reactions reduce the volatility of the products formed leading to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. Despite the huge diversity of individual SOA compounds, SOA modelling is often simplified and estimated at the initial oxidation step neglecting chemical and physical process influencing SOA formation <em>e.g.</em> advection, deposition, chemical degradation and aging processes. To overcome this shortcoming, the chemical gas-phase mechanism URMELL was developed. URMELL treats more than 40 distinct oxidised gas-phase SOA (gasSOA) precursors with individual molecular characteristics and physico-chemical partitioning properties enabling a much more explicit gasSOA treatment for products of aromatics and isoprene oxidation. In this study, CTM simulations using COSMO-MUSCAT were performed with URMELL and compared with a simplified gasSOA scheme applying the widely used gas-phase mechanism RACM. The comparison indicates a delayed and thereby locally shifted gasSOA formation when applying URMELL. This effect is caused by the formation of multigenerational and multifunctional products along the transport trajectory whereby accounting for changes in the oxidant regime and leading to a multitude of gasSOA substances with URMELL. For isoprene and aromatics, URMELL simulates higher contributions of products with lower volatilities whereby aromatics generate even non-volatile products which can partition in new particle formation. The non-volatile aromatic products increase the average aromatic surface gasSOA concentration (30% on 20<small>^th</small> of May 2014) and show unexpectedly high concentrations in remote spruce forest areas, away from the emission sources, highlighting the potential of the detailed schemes and its need for application in CTMs.</p>","PeriodicalId":72942,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science: atmospheres","volume":" 12","pages":" 1413-1433"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/ea/d4ea00075g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142778062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metal speciation of volcanic aerosols from Mt. Etna at varying aerosol water content and pH obtained by different thermodynamic models†","authors":"Tegan Hull, Sara D'Aronco, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, Benjamin Hanoune, Salvatore Giammanco, Alessandro La Spina, Giuseppe Salerno, Lidia Soldà, Denis Badocco, Paolo Pastore, Pasquale Sellitto and Chiara Giorio","doi":"10.1039/D4EA00108G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EA00108G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Mt. Etna, an open-vent, persistently degassing volcano, is the tallest and most active volcano in Europe. Aerosols from the summit (Bocca Nuova crater), downwind (about 10 km from the crater) and control sites were collected during the EUROVOLC EPL-REFLECT field campaign in July 2019 and analysed for aerosol mass determination, major inorganic and organic ions, and soluble and insoluble metals. Computational modelling (using the models E-AIM, ISORROPIA, and Visual MINTEQ) was performed to determine the speciation of metal ions in the deliquescent aerosol phase within the volcanic plume and in aerosol collected in the town of Milo (Catania, Italy), a few km downwind of Mt. Etna and influenced by transport of the volcanic plume. The aerosol liquid water concentration at the summit was strongly dependent on the determination method – with ISORROPIA calculating a water concentration a factor of 10<small>²</small> lower than that of E-AIM, which itself was a factor of 10<small>²</small>–10<small>³</small> lower than the total water content of the plume measured by infrared spectroscopy. The calculated pH was predominantly acidic (except for ISORROPIA calculations in the three samples), with the highest acidity observed where the water concentration was the lowest. Only a few metals were shown to have significant organic–ligand complexation in the aerosol, <em>i.e.</em>, Al(<small>III</small>), Cu(<small>II</small>), and Fe(<small>III</small>) with oxalate, in the deliquescent aerosol within the plume. When considering the total amount of water of the plume, lower complexation was observed because of more diluted species concentration and less acidity.</p>","PeriodicalId":72942,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science: atmospheres","volume":" 1","pages":" 8-24"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ea/d4ea00108g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142993898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-time chemical characterization of primary and aged biomass burning aerosols derived from sub-Saharan African biomass fuels in smoldering fires†","authors":"Markie’Sha James, Vaios Moschos, Megan M. McRee, Marc N. Fiddler, Barbara J. Turpin, Jason D. Surratt and Solomon Bililign","doi":"10.1039/D4EA00110A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EA00110A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The influence of biomass burning (BB)-derived organic aerosol (OA) emissions on solar radiation <em>via</em> absorption and scattering is related to their physicochemical properties and can change upon atmospheric aging. We systematically examined the compositionally-resolved mass concentration and production of primary and secondary organic aerosol (POA and SOA, respectively) in the NC A&amp;T University smog chamber facility. Mass spectral profiles of OA measured by the Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM) revealed the influence of dark- and photo-aging, fuel type, and relative humidity. Unit mass resolution (UMR) mapping, the ratio of the fraction of the OA mass spectrum signal at <em>m</em>/<em>z</em> 55 and 57 (<em>f</em><small>₅₅</small>/<em>f</em><small>₅₇</small>) <em>vs.</em> the same fraction at <em>m</em>/<em>z</em> 60 (<em>f</em><small>₆₀</small>) was used to identify source-specific emission profiles. Furthermore, Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) analysis was conducted using OA mass spectra, identifying four distinct factors: low-volatility oxygenated OA (LV-OOA), primary biomass-burning OA (BBOA), BB secondary OA (BBSOA), and semi-volatile oxygenated OA (SV-OOA). Data supports a robust four-factor solution, providing insights into the chemical transformations under different experimental conditions, including dark- and photo-aged, humidified, and dark oxidation with NO<small>₃</small> radicals. This work presents the first such laboratory study of African-derived BBOA particles, addressing a gap in global atmospheric chemistry research.</p>","PeriodicalId":72942,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science: atmospheres","volume":" 12","pages":" 1382-1397"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11536179/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142607721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A framework for describing and classifying methane reporting requirements, emission sources, and monitoring methods†","authors":"Andy Connor, Jacob T. Shaw, Nigel Yarrow, Neil Howes, Jon Helmore, Andrew Finlayson, Patrick Barker and Rod Robinson","doi":"10.1039/D4EA00120F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EA00120F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Industries, governments, and regulators need trustworthy emissions data to enable them to make informed decisions regarding methane abatement strategy and policies. There are many differing data reporting metrics, as well as a diverse range of both emission sources and methods for monitoring emissions. Different data structures and terminologies can be used to describe similar objects, activities, or characteristics associated with methane monitoring. There is no currently accepted definition of what constitutes a methane monitoring method. Since there is no common basis to describe this information, confusion concerning language, definitions, and terminology can arise which can undermine confidence in data. This paper describes a framework, based on a set of taxonomies and a common lexicon, which aims to address these issues by providing a common structure in which data requirements, emission sources and monitoring methods can be described. The principles of metrology and quality assurance are embedded into this framework along with a means to define the temporal and spatial scales of the reporting and monitoring. It is envisaged that this framework will be developed into a standard to help facilitate more reliable transfer of information between stakeholders internationally. Usage examples for this framework include: to aid the development of test standards (between test laboratories, site operators, and standards bodies); to help ensure the most cost-effective monitoring methods are deployed for a specific purpose; to help identify technological and methodological gaps between what monitoring is needed and what is available, or to help drive more focused innovation in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":72942,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science: atmospheres","volume":" 11","pages":" 1203-1217"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/ea/d4ea00120f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142595199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}