Engineering reports : open access最新文献

{"title":"Using a Binary Coding Metasurface to Achieve Polarization-Dependent Full-Duplex and Full-Polarization Receiving","authors":"Jia Chen Wan,&nbsp;Jia Wei Wang,&nbsp;Xu Jie Wang,&nbsp;Xiang Wan","doi":"10.1002/eng2.70088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.70088","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Coding metasurfaces have the advantage of controlling electromagnetic waves by designing digital states of the unit elements. This digital mechanism can be conveniently integrated into electronic information systems, hence, coding metasurfaces have been studied extensively in the fields of radar and communication. However, full-duplex and full-polarization, as two critical issues of system-level applications, have rarely been addressed in the existing researches of coding metasurfaces. Here we propose a flexible method to design a binary coding metasurface that possesses the functions of polarization-dependent full-duplex and full-polarization receiving. Specifically, the designed metasurface is shared by two different feeding sources, and the two sources can independently transmit or receive orthogonally polarized waves through the designed metasurface, hence forming polarization-dependent full-duplex; on the other hand, orthogonal components of incoming waves can be received respectively by the two sources, hence forming full-polarization receiving. Both simulations and measurements have validated the functions of the designed binary coding metasurface, thus showing the potential of the presented method in radar sensing, wireless communication, and other information systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.70088","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Waste Tire Oil Fueled CI Engine Combustion Argumentation for Emission Reduction by Butylated Hydroxy Anisole (BHA) Antioxidant","authors":"R. Saravanan,&nbsp;D. Chandrasekar,&nbsp;Sivakumar Karthikeyan,&nbsp;T. Sathish,&nbsp;Jayant Giri,&nbsp;J. Isaac Joshua Ramesh Lalvani,&nbsp;Bashar Tarawneh,&nbsp;A. Anderson","doi":"10.1002/eng2.70075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.70075","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the world, transport vehicle usage is increasing every day. Corresponding wastes of their used tire become a challenge to the environment as non-biodegradable waste. This waste tire can be used to derive the waste tire oil with distillation for engine application. This oil cannot used as neat fuel for the engine. They were blended with diesel support to reduce the total diesel usage. The base fuel is a 20% waste tire oil blend with 80% diesel (D80WTO20). Butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA) antioxidants of 250–1000 ppm with a 250 ppm deviation were added with a D80WTO20 blend for testing in a 5.2 kW CI engine. The D80WTO20 blend has lesser performance and higher emissions than diesel. The increase of BHA concentration in the fuel enhances the results. The maximum concentration of BHA (1000 ppm) used in D80WTO20 is obtained BTE of 32.92%, which is higher than diesel and the blend. The same combination has lesser BSFC (0.247 kg/kW-h), NOx (1406 ppm), smoke (51.68%), HC (61 ppm), and CO (0.224%) emission D80WTO20 blend than because of the better oxidation, the catalytic reaction produced improved combustion. Therefore, the 1000 ppm of BHA antioxidant mixed D80WTO20 blend can be the alternate fuel for the CI engine with lesser emission and improved performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.70075","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructural, Nanomechanical, and Tribological Properties Enhancement of Aluminum Matrix Composite Through High Entropy Alloy Reinforcement","authors":"Smith Salifu,&nbsp;Peter Apata Olubambi","doi":"10.1002/eng2.70091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.70091","url":null,"abstract":"<p>High entropy alloys (HEAs) have gained attention as effective reinforcements for enhancing the properties of metal matrix composites (MMCs), thanks to their distinct properties in contrast to traditional reinforcement particles. In view of that, this study develops HEA-reinforced aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) consolidated through the pulse electric current sintering (PECS) technique and examines how the HEA reinforcement influences the microstructural, tribological, and nanomechanical properties of these consolidated composites. Appropriate thermodynamic and phase identification equations were used to determine a suitable combination of elements for the development of the HEA reinforcement, and an optimized sintering process was used to achieve effective bonding within the matrix. The resulting composites exhibited enhanced densification, with Laves phase, BCC, and FCC HEA phases present. Furthermore, incorporating HEA reinforcement greatly improved the mechanical properties such as wear resistance, microhardness, and nanoindentation characteristics of the composites such that the composite with 10% HEA displayed about a 191% increase in microhardness, with a significantly lower average coefficient of friction (ACOF) and higher wear resistance as compared to the unreinforced aluminum matrix.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.70091","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LPG Dispersion in Confined Spaces: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"Phan Anh Duong,&nbsp;Jinuk Lee,&nbsp;Hokeun Kang","doi":"10.1002/eng2.70064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.70064","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The growing environmental concerns and increasingly stringent air pollution regulations for maritime emissions are driving the search for sustainable marine fuels. Among the various alternatives, LPG has emerged as a promising, environmentally friendly option, offering a viable solution during the transition to zero-emission vessels. However, concerns remain regarding the potential hazards of LPG leaks, especially in confined spaces such as storage rooms, fuel preparation areas, and engine rooms, where they can pose significant risks to seafarers and vessel safety systems. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of LPG leakage and risk management in confined spaces aboard vessels. It reviews recent experimental and theoretical research on LPG leakage behavior in such environments, offering insights into the dispersion process and associated risks. Key factors influencing LPG dispersion, including the initial temperature and pressure of the gas, atmospheric stability, leak characteristics, and ventilation conditions, are discussed in detail. The study emphasizes the importance of proper ventilation specifically in ceiling zones, side spaces, and inactive exhaust chimneys based on the arrangement of LPG equipment, to prevent gas accumulation and reduce the associated risks. Finally, the paper highlights future research directions aimed at mitigating the risks of using LPG as a marine fuel.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.70064","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Research of a Safety Inspection Robot for Detecting Cracks in Ventilation Shaft Walls of Coal Mines","authors":"Tianji Lv,&nbsp;Wenjun Fu","doi":"10.1002/eng2.70083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.70083","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Coal mine ventilation shafts are affected by a variety of factors such as ground stress, water intrusion, and corrosion due to prolonged use, leading to structural damage and deformation, which can adversely impact the ventilation efficiency and safety of the wind well. In response to the issue of cracks in the walls of these vertical shafts, this study employs a comprehensive approach, integrating theoretical analysis, the construction of a robotic experimental platform, algorithm development, and field testing to design and research a safety inspection robot for detecting cracks in ventilation shaft walls of coal mines. A novel structure for a ventilation shaft inspection robot is designed. The robot's hardware system is developed, along with upper-level computer software that enables visual monitoring and control. An improved YOLOv8n-based network model is introduced, and the proposed crack detection algorithm undergoes a series of comparison and ablation experiments with different attention mechanisms and algorithm models. The experimental results show that the improved YOLOv8n model achieves a precision of 97.5%, a recall of 93.5%, and an average precision of 98%. The model size is only 1.63 M, with a computational load of 6.2 GFLOPs, and real-time performance of 158.7 FPS, providing an efficient solution for detecting well-wall cracks.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.70083","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of Alkali Treated and Untreated Ronier Fiber (Borassus aethiopum) on Mechanical and Durability Properties of Reinforced Concrete","authors":"Mandelot-Matetelot Saint Jacques Le-Majeur,&nbsp;Philip Mogire,&nbsp;Brian Odero","doi":"10.1002/eng2.70074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.70074","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the effect of 1% sodium hydroxide (NaOH)-treated and untreated Ronier fibers (<i>Borassus aethiopum</i>) on concrete's mechanical and durability properties. Ronier fibers were incorporated into concrete at proportions of 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% by volume. The fibers treated with 1% NaOH underwent chemical modification to enhance their bonding with the cement matrix and improve their durability in aggressive environments. The performance of the concrete was assessed through tests for compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, durability properties such as water absorption, and resistance to sulfuric acid attacks. The results indicated that treatment with 1% NaOH significantly improved the performance of the fibers. Among the variations studied, concrete reinforced with 1% treated fibers demonstrated the best combination of mechanical and durability properties. The treated fibers increased the concrete's tensile and flexural strength while maintaining adequate compressive strength. Durability assessments showed that 1% treated fibers effectively reduced water absorption and enhanced resistance to sulfuric acid, improving the concrete's performance in aggressive environments. Although higher dosages of fibers (1.5%) provided better crack control, they slightly reduced workability and compressive strength.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.70074","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combination of Density-Based Spatial Clustering With Grid Search Using Nash Equilibrium","authors":"Uranus Kazemi,&nbsp;Seyfollah Soleimani","doi":"10.1002/eng2.70037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.70037","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper introduces a novel clustering approach that enhances the traditional Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (<i>DBSCAN</i>) algorithm by integrating a grid search method and Nash Equilibrium principles and addresses the limitations of <i>DBSCAN</i> parameterization, particularly its inefficiency with big data. The use of Nash equilibrium allows the identification of clusters with different densities and the determination of <i>DBSCAN</i> parameters and the selection of cells from the network, and significantly improves the efficiency and accuracy of the clustering process. The proposed method divides data into grid cells, applies <i>DBSCAN</i> to each cell, and then merges smaller clusters, capitalizing on dynamic parameter calculation and reduced computational complexity. The performance of the proposed method was assessed over 3 big-size and 11 middle-size datasets. The achieved results implied the superiority of the proposed method to <i>DBSCAN</i>, <i>ST-DBSCAN</i>, <i>P-DBSCAN</i>, <i>GCBD</i>, and <i>CAGS</i> methods in terms of clustering accuracy (purity) and processing time.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.70037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143602755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Research of Intelligent Chatbot for Campus Information Consultation Assistant","authors":"Yao Song,&nbsp;Chunli Lv,&nbsp;Kun Zhu,&nbsp;Xiaobin Qiu","doi":"10.1002/eng2.70072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.70072","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The expansion of artificial intelligence is advancing rapidly, and chatbots have become an important component of human life. This paper aims to explore the design principles, implementation methods, and applications of chatbots in real life. Through the comprehensive application of natural language processing, machine learning, and other technologies, this paper designs and implements a chatbot consultation assistant with intelligent chat functions, which can understand the natural language input by users and give reasonable and interesting answers. The workload of teachers can be reduced. Teachers often need to publish learning materials and interact with students in instant communication software such as WeChat and QQ. Chatbots can automatically handle these tasks, such as automatically publishing learning materials and answering students' questions. It can also automatically collect and process teaching data, such as students' learning progress and grades, to help teachers better understand students' learning situations and optimize teaching strategies. They can improve the experience of students. Through chatbots, more and more environments are funny and vivid. They can be used as the interface of human-computer interaction in this assistant; learning becomes more interesting. Students can get instant feedback and guidance through interaction with the chatbot consultation assistant, thereby improving learning effects and enthusiasm.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.70072","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real Time Vehicle Classification Using Deep Learning—Smart Traffic Management","authors":"Tejasva Maurya,&nbsp;Saurabh Kumar,&nbsp;Mritunjay Rai,&nbsp;Abhishek Kumar Saxena,&nbsp;Neha Goel,&nbsp;Gunjan Gupta","doi":"10.1002/eng2.70082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.70082","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As global urbanization continues to expand, the challenges associated with traffic congestion and road safety have become more pronounced. Traffic accidents remain a major global concern, with road crashes resulting in approximately 1.19 million deaths annually, as reported by the WHO. In response to this critical issue, this research presents a novel deep learning-based approach to vehicle classification aimed at enhancing traffic management systems and road safety. The study introduces a real-time vehicle classification model that categorizes vehicles into seven distinct classes: Bus, Car, Truck, Van or Mini-Truck, Two-Wheeler, Three-Wheeler, and Special Vehicles. A custom dataset was created with images taken in varying traffic conditions, including different times of day and locations, ensuring accurate representation of real-world traffic scenarios. To optimize performance, the model leverages the YOLOv8 deep learning framework, known for its speed and precision in object detection. By using transfer learning with pre-trained YOLOv8 weights, the model improves accuracy and efficiency, particularly in low-resource environments. The model's performance was rigorously evaluated using key metrics such as precision, recall, and mean average precision (mAP). The model achieved a precision of 84.6%, recall of 82.2%, mAP50 of 89.7%, and mAP50–95 of 61.3%, highlighting its effectiveness in detecting and classifying multiple vehicle types in real-time. Furthermore, the research discusses the deployment of this model in low-and middle-income countries where access to high-end traffic management infrastructure is limited, making this approach highly valuable in improving traffic flow and safety. The potential integration of this system into intelligent traffic management solutions could significantly reduce accidents, improve road usage, and provide real-time traffic control. Future work includes enhancing the model's robustness in challenging weather conditions such as rain, fog, and snow, integrating additional sensor data (e.g., LiDAR and radar), and applying the system in autonomous vehicles to improve decision-making in complex traffic environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.70082","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143595426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction and Analysis of Slope Plane Deformation of High CFRD Based on Statistical Analysis of Multi-Points Monitoring Data","authors":"Xiongxiong Zhou,&nbsp;Wenjun Cai,&nbsp;Qiujiang He,&nbsp;Jing Zhou,&nbsp;Bingqian Zhou","doi":"10.1002/eng2.70030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.70030","url":null,"abstract":"<p>CFRD have been widely used worldwide because of their superior structural stability and economy. However, with the increasing of dam height, the issue of deformation control is becoming increasingly prominent, especially the panel deformation control which closely related to the internal rockfill deformation. Comparing with the monitoring data of a single monitoring point, the slope plane deformation can reflect the deformation characteristics of the dam rockfill area more effective. To ensure the long-term stability and safe operation of the CFRD, construction and analysis the slope plane deformation of the CFRD is particularly important. In order to improve the accuracy of prediction, a method of modeling and analysis of dam slope plane deformation based on multi-points monitoring data is proposed in this paper. Based on the actual monitoring data of the Hongjiadu CFRD, this paper comprehensively analyzes the influence of the filling process, water level change, and time effect on the settlement of the CFRD during the construction and impoundment periods, and establishes the settlement statistical model of all monitoring points. By studying the relationship between the parameters of the settlement statistical model of each monitoring point and its own position coordinates, a spatial–temporal distribution model of the dam slope plane is established by using the thin plate spline interpolation method, and it is used to predict the settlement of the dam slope plane. This method has great advantages in the prediction accuracy. By considering the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics, this method can effectively capture the whole and local deformation of the dam body and improve the prediction accuracy of settlement. Compared with the traditional single point monitoring method, the proposed method provides more accurate prediction results on the basis of multi-point data collaborative analysis, provides a new idea for dam displacement monitoring and settlement prediction, and has high engineering application and popularization value.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.70030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143595398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}