Engineering reports : open access最新文献

{"title":"Numerical Investigation on the Thermo-Mechanical Performance and Structural Mechanisms of Glass–Glass PV Modules in Standard Fire Conditions","authors":"Chiara Bedon,&nbsp;Yu Wang","doi":"10.1002/eng2.70347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.70347","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The use of glass–glass photovoltaic (PV) technologies for building integrated (BIPV) solutions is continuously increasing in constructions, for several positive aspects. Besides, the optimal design of these new multi-functional components requires the technical knowledge of several experts, due to the combination of electrical, structural-mechanical, and architectural needs, and others. In parallel, methodologies in support of design should be specifically elaborated to account for the intrinsic features of PVs. Structurally speaking, the glass covers are expected to sustain ordinary and accidental actions that are typical of buildings, including superimposed thermal and mechanical loads. Often, this task is more challenging as a consequence of architectural needs that promote the use of a reduced number of mechanical fasteners to preserve high aesthetic levels. Extreme scenarios such as fire events, in this context, represent one of the critical conditions to verify. This study presents an in-depth assessment of glass–glass PV performances in fire, with a careful consideration for the analysis of the expected resisting mechanisms and load-bearing capacity. A primary advantage is taken from the use of Finite Element (FE) numerical models validated to literature. As an example, a 400 × 400 mm glass–glass PV with metal point-fixings is investigated under standard fire exposure, accounting for the effect of possible superimposed mechanical loads. Compared to structural needs under ordinary loads, the fire performance is highly demanding and requires appropriate modeling assumptions, as well as sound performance limits. The thermo-mechanical response is addressed based on a combination of indicators that are typically used for glass or construction members in fire, such as the temperature peaks and differences, the associated thermal and mechanical stress peaks, the maximum deflection, and the corresponding deflection-rate. The parametric results, as shown, highlight the vulnerability of glass covers and highlight the lack of robust limit conditions for fire resistance assessment, which would be of rather practical and efficient use but should be properly calibrated for structural safety purposes.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"7 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.70347","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144843541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Performance of Downlink Channel Estimation-Based Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems Under Correlated Rician Fading Channels","authors":"Jiarui Li,&nbsp;Yao Zhang,&nbsp;Fengjiao Gan,&nbsp;Na Liu,&nbsp;Longxiang Yang,&nbsp;Hongbo Zhu","doi":"10.1002/eng2.70340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.70340","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The prevailing research on cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems posits that, due to channel reciprocity and channel hardening properties, user equipment (UEs) can decode downlink data solely based on uplink statistical channel state information (CSI). However, the phenomenon of channel hardening is not pronounced in cell-free massive MIMO systems, leading to unsatisfactory spectral efficiency (SE) performance with the aforementioned decoding approach. To address this limitation, this paper examines a downlink channel estimation (DL-CE) strategy for cell-free massive MIMO systems. We present a closed-form expression for the downlink achievable SE, considering a correlated Rician fading channel and imperfect CSI, enabling quantitative assessment of SE performance across diverse system configurations, such as varying numbers of access points, UEs, and antennas per AP. Subsequently, we formulate a joint optimization problem with respect to both uplink and downlink pilots to maximize the sum-SE. Given the intricate and nonconvex nature of the problem, we propose a genetic algorithm (GA)-based pilot assignment strategy to facilitate an effective resolution. Simulation outcomes indicate that the implementation of DL-CE markedly enhances SE performance relative to cell-free massive MIMO systems reliant on uplink channel estimation (UL-CE) alone. Moreover, the proposed joint pilot assignment scheme yields significant SE improvements over benchmark pilot assignment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"7 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.70340","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Numerical and Taguchi-Based Optimisation of Forging Parameters for DIN 42CrMo4 Engine Connecting Rod Steel","authors":"Japheth Obiko,&nbsp;Brendon Mxolisi,&nbsp;Nicholus Malatji","doi":"10.1002/eng2.70339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.70339","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article reports on the optimisation of forging process parameters using Deform 3D simulation software and Taguchi methodology. The process parameters considered were temperature, die velocity, and temperature and friction coefficient. The workpiece material was 42CrMo4 steel used to manufacture the engine connecting rod. The output responses were maximum stress, maximum strain, maximum tensile stress and damage. The simulation design had three levels for each process parameter. The study used Taguchi L9 orthogonal array. Taguchi's analysis gave two sets of optimal conditions. Case 1: temperature (1200°C), die velocity (100 mm/s), die temperature (250°C) and friction coefficient (0.2) from S/N ratios analysis. Case 2: temperature (1200°C), die velocity (115 mm/s), die temperature (215°C) and the friction coefficient (0.2) for multiple response prediction. The ANOVA results indicate that the most significant factors were deformation temperature (influencing maximum stress and tensile stress) and friction coefficient (influencing maximum strain and damage). The die temperature and velocity had a minimal effect on the output responses. The confirmation test results show slight variation in output responses when using the two cases of optimal conditions for the predictive regression and simulation model. However, maximum tensile stress had a higher percentage error. The error results were 10.895% (Case 1) and 18.512% (Case 2). An industrial forging simulation of an engine connecting rod validated the optimal conditions. This study showed that numerical simulation and Taguchi methodology can effectively and efficiently optimize the forging process. The approach provides the basis for future industrial analyses and optimisation.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"7 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.70339","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144833082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Inverse Statistical Model for Lifetime and Reliability Analysis","authors":"Tamer K. Ibrahim,&nbsp;Ibrahim E. Ragab,&nbsp;Selasi Kwaku Ocloo,&nbsp;Ahmed M. Gemeay","doi":"10.1002/eng2.70335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.70335","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper introduces the Inverse Mustapha Type-II Distribution (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mtext>IMU</mtext>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mo> </mo>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>I</mi>\u0000 <mi>I</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <mi>D</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ {mathrm{IMU}}_{II}mathrm{D} $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>), a novel lifetime model derived through the inverse transformation of the Mustapha Type-II distribution. Designed for modeling data on the positive real line, the <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mtext>IMU</mtext>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mo> </mo>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>I</mi>\u0000 <mi>I</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <mi>D</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ {mathrm{IMU}}_{II}mathrm{D} $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> offers enhanced flexibility in reliability and survival analysis, particularly where traditional models fall short. We derive key statistical properties of the distribution, including moments, mean residual life, mean inactivity time, and entropy measures. Parameter estimation is explored using multiple methods, with simulation studies demonstrating the robustness of the estimators. The practical applications of the <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mtext>IMU</mtext>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mo> </mo>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>I</mi>\u0000 <mi>I</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <mi>D</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ {mathrm{IMU}}_{II}mathrm{D} $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> are validated through applications to real-world datasets, where it outperforms competing lifetime models in goodness-of-fit tests. Our results highlight the <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mtext>IMU</mtext>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mo> </mo>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>I</mi>\u0000 <mi>I</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <mi>D</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ {mathrm{IMU}}_{II}mathrm{D} $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> as a valuable tool for reliability analysis, survival studies, and related fields, providing a versatile alternative for practitioners.</p","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"7 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.70335","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing Green Design Competencies in Engineering Undergraduates","authors":"Ligang Wang,&nbsp;Jia Yuan,&nbsp;Jiawen He,&nbsp;Hangyang Li,&nbsp;Zhiliang Huang","doi":"10.1002/eng2.70343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.70343","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study proposes and evaluates a practical teaching framework oriented toward green design, aiming to foster an effective learning environment within engineering education. The framework is designed to enhance students' environmental awareness, professional competencies, and interdisciplinary collaboration skills. By integrating life cycle assessment (LCA) into product design processes, the framework provides empirical evidence supporting low-carbon-oriented pedagogical practices and addresses the imperative to embed Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in engineering curricula. Developed in accordance with general competency-based education principles, the framework emphasizes curriculum development, course optimization, quantitative assessment, and the construction of supportive learning environments. The teaching implementation features product performance simulation, LCA, and design optimization, supplemented by elective modules, teamwork, structured workflows, and immediate feedback mechanisms. Results demonstrate that the framework effectively facilitates the integration of SDGs into classroom practice. Students not only enhanced their technical design skills but also experienced a sense of accomplishment by achieving low-carbon objectives. Furthermore, the approach significantly improved students' environmental consciousness and teamwork abilities, positioning them to become proactive contributors to green design and sustainable development.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"7 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.70343","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144833079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing Intermediate Soil Properties (ISP) Interpolation for Enhanced Geotechnical Survey Accuracy. A Review","authors":"Aliya Aldungarova,&nbsp;Yelbek Utepov,&nbsp;Assel Mukhamejanova,&nbsp;Assel Tulebekova,&nbsp;Aida Nazarova,&nbsp;Akmaral Tleubayeva,&nbsp;Indira Makasheva,&nbsp;Gulnaz Zhakapbayeva,&nbsp;Bekbolat Makhiyev,&nbsp;Timoth Mkilima","doi":"10.1002/eng2.70328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.70328","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Accurate subsurface characterization is essential in geotechnical surveys, yet traditional soil sampling techniques often suffer from sparse data coverage and limited spatial resolution. This review explores recent advancements in Intermediate Soil Properties (ISP) interpolation as a solution to these limitations. By integrating geoprocessing tools with Multidimensional Raster Data (MRD), the proposed approach enables high-resolution, three-dimensional modeling of soil property gradients across diverse geotechnical environments. Key findings highlight that ISP interpolation improves the fidelity of subsurface models, supports more accurate risk assessments, and enhances the safety and efficiency of construction planning. Additionally, the method reduces dependency on dense physical sampling, offering a more cost-effective and scalable alternative. The review further discusses the comparative performance of traditional, hybrid, and machine learning-based interpolation methods, providing insights into method selection based on data quality and project scale. It concludes with an evaluation of current limitations, including data sparsity and validation bias, and emphasizes the need for future integration with real-time monitoring and remote sensing technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"7 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.70328","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Development of a Compact Automated Parking System: Integration of Vertical Rotary Mechanism and IoT Interface","authors":"Md. Mehedi Hasan,&nbsp;Ismail Hossain,&nbsp;Mumit Hassan,&nbsp;Monowar Wadud Hridoy","doi":"10.1002/eng2.70299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.70299","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The swift expansion of cities and the surging proliferation of vehicles have precipitated a severe scarcity of parking spaces all over the world. This predicament is aggravated by the spatial limitations of densely populated urban areas. Therefore, this study seeks to address the pressing need for efficient space utilization by introducing a compact automated parking solution. Given the glaring inadequacy of parking spaces relative to the soaring number of cars, this paper meticulously details the design and development of a Compact Automated Parking System (CAPS). The system utilizes a vertical-rotary mechanism to maximize spatial efficiency while maintaining structural integrity. A fully functional prototype has been seamlessly incorporated with Internet of Things (IoT) technology. IoT enables real-time monitoring of parking availability. The integration of the Blynk platform ensures an intuitive user interface. The proposed CAPS operates via an Arduino-based control system, synchronized with sensors and actuators to execute precise motor movements and platform alignment. Although it is a basic control setup, it effectively demonstrates automation and synchronization in a compact prototype. System performance was assessed through time efficiency and user experience metrics, yielding favorable outcomes. Comparative analysis with conventional parking solutions highlights its superior efficiency. A scalable solution is also offered to consider this prototype for real-world implementation. The fusion of automated vertical-rotary mechanics and IoT distinguishes this system from existing alternatives. Ultimately, this innovation heralds a transformative shift in urban parking paradigms.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"7 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.70299","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144814789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in the Biogeochemical Role of Microorganisms in High-Level Waste Repository","authors":"Zhang Ming,&nbsp;Zhou Fangliang,&nbsp;Xie Jingli,&nbsp;Li Congwei,&nbsp;Tian Lehan,&nbsp;Zhang Yanfei,&nbsp;Gu Zhanfei,&nbsp;Wan Zhenmin","doi":"10.1002/eng2.70289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.70289","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The deep geological repository of high-level radioactive waste (HLW) is widely recognized as a safe and effective long-term management strategy, which hinges on the stability of the repository. Among the various factors that affect the stability of the repository, microorganisms are recognized as key contributors, which can be indigenous to the bentonite and introduced during the repository construction or through groundwater intrusion in later stages. Active microorganisms are typically observed in low-density regions and at the interfaces within the repository. The biogeochemical processes induced by microbial metabolic activities lead to the corrosion of repository containers, degradation of the buffer barrier, and other detrimental effects, potentially compromising the long-term integrity of the repository. Therefore, a thorough understanding of microbial survival, activity, and their interactions with repository materials is crucial for ensuring the safe management of HLW. This review summarizes microbial survival conditions and sources in the repository, recent research advances on microbial interactions with repository structures, and the impact of microbial activity on the physical properties of bentonite, offering valuable insights for the development of HLW repositories in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"7 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.70289","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144814839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sub-THz Antenna With Graphene Enabled Beam Steering for THz Communication","authors":"Sher Nawaz,&nbsp;Waleed Tariq Sethi,&nbsp;Latif Jan,&nbsp;Mohammad Haseeb Zafar","doi":"10.1002/eng2.70221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.70221","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This work presents a sub-THz planar antenna designed for THz communication and sensing, featuring advanced beam steering capabilities. The antenna uses a silicon dioxide (SiO₂) substrate with a copper radiating zone incorporating V-shaped slots, optimized for 0.3 THz. Electromagnetic simulations demonstrate a wide bandwidth of 29 GHz (0.286–0.315 THz) and a return loss of 37.59 dB at 0.3 THz. The beam steering system employs parasitic stubs as reflectors and directors, inspired by Yagi–Uda architecture, and utilizes graphene with adjustable chemical potentials for dynamic beam control. Simulation results show effective beam steering with gains of 6.79 and 6.75 dBi for left and right directions, respectively. A coaxial feed on a circular substrate allows 180° beam steering, enhancing radiation in three directions with gains of 6.47, 6.51, and 6.21 dBi for left, right, and top, respectively, and a front-to-back ratio of 14.1 dB. The integration of graphene for dynamic beam steering underscores the antenna's versatility and effectiveness in THz applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"7 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.70221","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144767632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fuzzy Ordinal Decision-Making Method: A New Multi-Criteria Decision-Making With Application to Circular Evaluation of Construction Projects","authors":"Farzane Karimi,&nbsp;Hassan Mina,&nbsp;Shahryar Sorooshian","doi":"10.1002/eng2.70326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.70326","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Approaches that rely on pairwise comparisons frequently encounter challenges related to inconsistency and uncertainty in the complex realm of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM), resulting in potential decision-making errors. This article introduces the fuzzy ordinal decision-making method (FODM) as a novel MCDM approach for addressing inconsistency and uncertainty concerns. This novel approach employs the concept of ordinal criteria comparison to effectively overcome the limitations inherent in conventional pairwise comparison methods and produces a more dependable and consistent decision-making framework. Moreover, leveraging the power of fuzzy logic, FODM effectively manages uncertainties in decision processes. The results of our study indicate that FODM outperforms existing fuzzy pairwise comparison-based MCDM methods, as evidenced by the evaluation of three distinct numerical examples. In addition, the efficiency of FODM is investigated through a case study in the field of circular evaluation of construction projects. When compared to other pairwise comparison methods, our method uses fewer pairwise comparisons, resulting in full consistency. This paper meaningfully contributes to the field of decision science by improving current approaches and laying the groundwork for more precise decision-making procedures in future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"7 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.70326","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144767738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}