Energy and climate change最新文献

{"title":"Life cycle assessment of wind farm: A review on current status and future knowledge","authors":"Uttara Das,&nbsp;Champa Nandi","doi":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With rising concerns over climate change and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, wind power has gained attention as a clean energy source. However, Wind Power Plants (WPPs) generate emissions throughout their life cycle, from raw material extraction to decommissioning. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a key tool for evaluating these environmental impacts. This paper reviews LCA studies of onshore and offshore WPPs, focusing on global warming potential (GWP) and energy payback time (EPBT) to assess their sustainability. Findings reveal that offshore WPPs generally exhibit higher GHG emissions due to complex installation and transportation but benefit from shorter EPBT due to higher wind speeds. Conversely, onshore WPPs have lower upfront emissions but experience longer EPBT due to variable wind conditions. The manufacturing and transportation phases contribute the highest emissions. Recycling and material optimization can reduce environmental impact by up to 30 %. Identified research gaps include data accuracy issues, limited offshore LCA studies, and lack of component-specific analyses. This study provides a pathway for optimizing wind power sustainability, emphasizing material efficiency, logistics improvements, and policy advancements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72914,"journal":{"name":"Energy and climate change","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100206"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144605039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decarbonizing the Dutch industrial sector: between maintaining domestic production and partial relocation","authors":"Ahmed M. Elberry ,&nbsp;Martin Scheepers ,&nbsp;Joost van Stralen ,&nbsp;Juan S. Giraldo ,&nbsp;Bob van der Zwaan","doi":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Industry is one of the most challenging sectors to decarbonize in the Dutch energy system. This is due to several factors such as the difficulty in moving away from existing technologies and the availability of still relatively cheap natural gas. In this study, we introduce two scenarios to investigate possible energy transition pathways for the Dutch industrial sector. The first scenario focuses on keeping industrial production largely in the Netherlands. The second explores relocating part of it abroad to regions in which low–cost sustainable energy sources are available. We employ an energy system optimization model to analyze these scenarios. Our results for the first scenario show a reduction of about 80% in fossil fuel consumption by 2050 in the industrial sector, primarily achieved by substituting fossil fuels with hydrogen, bioenergy, and synthetic fuels. To achieve the carbon-neutrality target by 2050, a cumulative total of about 552 MtCO₂ needs to be captured from the industrial sector, with 52% utilized and the rest stored. The second scenario does not yield a large difference in the relative energy mix compared to the first. However, it results in substantial changes in terms of more rapid decarbonization, with less final energy consumption, lower investment costs, and more limited deployment of CO₂ capture technology. In both scenarios, a radical technological transformation of the industrial sector is necessary for reaching the energy system carbon-neutrality target, with industry contributing to this goal by achieving net-negative CO₂ emissions in 2050.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72914,"journal":{"name":"Energy and climate change","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100205"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144563833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robust pathway analysis of electricity investments under net-zero uncertainties","authors":"Erin Baker ,&nbsp;John Bistline ,&nbsp;Nexus Attiogbe","doi":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Policy-makers and planners are looking to make robust power system investments under deep uncertainty and conflicting objectives. This paper presents a robust pathway approach to address a range of uncertainties and multiple objectives and provides a proof-of-concept applied to U.S. electric sector decisions under deep decarbonization. Results show the importance of considering a range of criteria: considering cost alone or CO₂ alone resulted in just two non-dominated pathways in each case; adding in the consideration of co-pollutants increased the number of non-dominated pathways to six of the nine considered. This analysis highlights the importance of considering fuel price uncertainty and, in particular, the possibility of high natural gas prices, which can lead to high co-pollution in otherwise low-polluting pathways. Results illustrate trade-offs between emissions and costs; as well as between CO₂ and co-pollutants, which is largely due to carbon removal use. The robust pathway framework is illustrative; we discuss how future work with harmonized multi-model outputs and spatially explicit pollutant metrics can provide additional insights.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72914,"journal":{"name":"Energy and climate change","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100204"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144587671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving energy access and environmental sustainability in small communities through hydrogen integration","authors":"Mostafa Mostafavi Sani,&nbsp;Hamid Afshari,&nbsp;Ahmed Saif","doi":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Relying on renewable energy for small communities is challenging due to intermittency, while hydrogen offers a reliable, long-term storage solution. Yet, there are questions regarding the involvement of hydrogen in the optimal renewable energy configuration. This paper develops a tri-objective optimization model for the selection and capacity allocation of energy technologies to minimize the annual costs, minimize environmental impact, and maximize social utility for small communities. The model assesses the role of hydrogen in a hybrid renewable energy system to evaluate grid reliability, its contribution to global warming mitigation, and the distinctive dynamics associated with community size. Liverpool in Nova Scotia, Canada, was chosen as a case study due to its promise of renewable energy advancement and inconsistent grid access. The initial results suggest a set of technologies such as wind turbines, combined heat and power, organic Rankine cycle, and the grid. By extending the analysis to 2050, it is projected that the utilization of wind turbines and fuel cells will double, while grid connection becomes unnecessary as hydrogen technologies mature. The matured hydrogen scenario shows a 63% reduction in environmental impact and a 4% improvement in social utility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72914,"journal":{"name":"Energy and climate change","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100200"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144518904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing decarbonization pathways for energy-intensive industries in Indonesia using TIMES optimization model","authors":"Primaldi Anugrah Utama ,&nbsp;Markus A. Gielbert ,&nbsp;Reviana Revitasari ,&nbsp;Nadhilah Reyseliani ,&nbsp;Widodo Wahyu Purwanto","doi":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Decarbonization efforts in industrial sectors remain primarily focused in developed countries. However, developing countries, such as Indonesia, face critical challenges in decarbonizing energy-intensive industries, which are essential to economic growth. Key challenges include uncertainties regarding low-carbon technology options and high investment requirements, which imply additional production costs. This study aims to assess potential decarbonization pathways for the industrial sector and their impact on production costs. A bottom-up optimization approach, using the TIMES model, was employed to determine optimal technology pathways by minimizing production costs while achieving the targeted CO₂e emission intensity for each industry. The results indicate that an ambitious Net Zero Emission (NZE) scenario will reduce emissions from 466 MtCO₂e to 56 MtCO₂e by 2060. Energy efficiency contributes 8 %, new and renewable energy accounts for 37 %, and carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) plays a significant role, contributing 33 %. However, decarbonization efforts increase production costs in the cement, iron &amp; steel, paper, and petrochemical industries by 138 %, 58 %, 2 %, and 90 %, respectively. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers to balance environmental sustainability with economic growth, facilitating a smooth transition to a low-carbon economy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72914,"journal":{"name":"Energy and climate change","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100202"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144518903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defining ‘abated’ fossil fuel and industrial process emissions","authors":"Christopher Bataille ,&nbsp;Alaa Al Khourdajie ,&nbsp;Heleen de Coninck ,&nbsp;Kiane de Kleijne ,&nbsp;Lars J. Nilsson ,&nbsp;Igor Bashmakov ,&nbsp;Steven J. Davis ,&nbsp;Paul S. Fennell","doi":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is scientific consensus that limiting warming in line with the Paris Agreement goals requires reaching net zero CO₂ emissions by mid-century and net negative emissions thereafter. Because of the entrenchment of current fossil fuel energy and feedstock demand estimated in almost all global modelled scenarios, 'abated' fossil fuel and industrial process and product use (IPPU) CO₂ emissions, using carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies to perform carbon management, are likely to be part of any transition. In addition to fossil fuel combustion, this will be primarily in cement &amp; lime kilns, chemical production, and possibly waste incineration and iron and steel making, in processes producing maximally concentrated CO₂ waste streams. Abated fossil fuel and IPPU CO₂ emissions in the context of recent commitments, however, requires consideration of capture rates for fuel processing and end-use, permanence of storage, reduction of upstream production and end-use fugitive methane, and sufficient means to sequester residual emissions. Based on an assessment of evolving CCS technologies in existing sectors and jurisdictions, criteria are proposed for defining a benchmark for 'abated' fossil fuel and IPPU emissions as where near 100 % GHG abatement is to be eventually achieved, with N₂O and fluorinated gases considered separately. This can be accomplished through: 1) CO₂ capture rates of more than or equal to 95 % of CO₂ emitted; 2) permanent storage of captured emissions; 3) reducing upstream and end-use fugitive methane emissions to &lt;0.5 % and towards 0.2 % of gas production &amp; an equivalent for coal; and 4) counterbalancing remaining emissions using permanent carbon dioxide removal. Application of these criteria to just steel and cement yields estimates of more than or equal to 1.37 Gt CO₂ per year reductions after all other reasonable and lower cost actions are taken. At the same time, we acknowledge the value of capture rates below 95 %, so as long they are designed to enable eventual full abatement through process learning. We also discuss commercialisation and deployment policy for CCS, highlighting the need to integrate these criteria into international climate agreements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72914,"journal":{"name":"Energy and climate change","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100203"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144623812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating the selection of renewable energy trading partners: A multi-objective optimization approach","authors":"Erik Jansen ,&nbsp;Mile Mišić ,&nbsp;Kai Schulze ,&nbsp;Michèle Knodt ,&nbsp;Marc E. Pfetsch","doi":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Decarbonizing economies and energy systems is urgently needed in order to meet current climate change mitigation targets. However, many countries, particularly in Europe, will not be able to meet their rapidly growing demand for renewable energy by expanding domestic production alone in the near future. Consequently, these countries are planning to import renewable energy using chemical carriers such as hydrogen and metals. This raises the question of which countries to partner with for renewable energy trade. Selecting the appropriate trading partners is a complex task that requires balancing several potentially conflicting objectives, including cost-efficiency, sustainability, governance, and security of supply. In this article, we present a novel approach to selecting partner countries in the presence of such trade-offs. Our approach uses empirical indicators, abstract selection rules, and the epsilon constraint method to combine these objectives into a single objective optimization problem with additional constraints. We demonstrate our approach by examining the case of Germany as an importer of renewable energy using iron as an energy carrier. Our approach identifies the optimal set of potential trading partners and their respective shares of supplied renewable energy by minimizing costs while meeting the added constraints. For instance, under the most stringent sustainability and security constraints, the model identifies Australia, the United States, Brazil, Spain, Canada, and Chile as potential trading partners for Germany. Relaxing these constraints adds more countries such as Morocco and Oman. Our approach is the first to identify trade networks, i.e., concrete sets of partner countries, that can bridge gaps in renewable energy supply, offering valuable guidance for developing trading partnerships.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72914,"journal":{"name":"Energy and climate change","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100197"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144548637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging the gap: Advancing behavioral economics and climate change research in developing countries","authors":"Hamza Umer ,&nbsp;Muhammad Salar Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change represents one of the greatest challenges of our time and requires exceptional efforts to combat it. Along with traditional economic methods, behavioral economics, which integrates psychological insights into financial decision-making, offers powerful tools to encourage climate-friendly behaviors. However, there has been relatively less research on the nexus of behavioral economics and climate change, and much of it is concentrated in developed countries. This perspective highlights the disparity in research output between developed and developing nations, based on a bibliometric analysis of 31 Scopus-indexed publications from 2008 to 2022. Our study reveals a strong bias toward research produced in the developed countries (or Global North), particularly in the United States and Europe, while developing countries (Global South) remain underrepresented. Consequently, we call for a more inclusive research agenda that focuses on the unique socio-economic realities of developing countries and the need for culturally or contextually tailored behavioral interventions. By promoting collaborative research efforts and increasing funding for the Global South, we aim to bridge this gap and develop scalable, effective solutions for climate change adaptation and mitigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72914,"journal":{"name":"Energy and climate change","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100198"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144240169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling the economy-wide effects of unilateral CO2 pricing under different revenue recycling schemes in Austria - Identifying structural model uncertainties","authors":"Mathias Kirchner ,&nbsp;Laura Wallenko ,&nbsp;Mark Sommer ,&nbsp;Gabriel Bachner ,&nbsp;Claudia Kettner ,&nbsp;Thomas Leoni ,&nbsp;Jakob Mayer ,&nbsp;Nathalie Spittler ,&nbsp;Judith Köberl ,&nbsp;Veronika Kulmer","doi":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Macroeconomic modelling is essential for assessing the impacts of carbon pricing, but significant uncertainties remain between modelling approaches. This paper examines structural uncertainties by comparing a Neoclassical computable general equilibrium model (WEGDYN-AT) and a New Keynesian model (DYNK). We qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the effects of non-ETS carbon pricing under different revenue recycling options in Austria. We identify six causal impact chains (ICs) that shape model outcomes. The first two - carbon pricing leading to a loss in economic output (IC1) and a shift towards labor-intensive sectors (IC2) - are common to both models. However, differences in economic paradigms emerge in the markets for labor (IC3), capital (IC4), and goods and services (IC5). For example, DYNK shows stronger transmission of external price shocks but smoother labor market adjustments, while WEGDYN-AT shows the opposite pattern. Structural differences from models’ historical development, such as the modelling of private consumption (part of IC5) and government budget closure (IC6), also contribute to divergence. Quantitative simulations show that, due to these structural differences, results for key indicators, such as price indices, consumption, and welfare, can differ in both magnitude and sign. Our results highlight the importance of tailoring policy recommendations to the prevailing economic context, such as whether the economy is experiencing an output gap with idle resources (DYNK) or a boom phase with scarce resources (WEGDYN-AT). Transparent documentation of impact chains is crucial to understanding the range of macroeconomic effects of carbon pricing, identifying more robust policy outcomes, and strengthening policy support.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72914,"journal":{"name":"Energy and climate change","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100199"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144220805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolving electricity supply and demand to achieve net-zero emissions: Insights from the EMF-37 study","authors":"Ruying Gao ,&nbsp;Trieu Mai ,&nbsp;Seyed Shahabeddin Mousavi ,&nbsp;Charles Rossmann ,&nbsp;Matthew Binsted ,&nbsp;John Bistline ,&nbsp;Geoff Blanford ,&nbsp;Morgan Browning ,&nbsp;Matthias Fripp ,&nbsp;Patrick Lamers ,&nbsp;Matteo Muratori ,&nbsp;Sharon Showalter ,&nbsp;John Weyant","doi":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper explores the role of electricity in achieving economy-wide net-zero CO₂ emissions by 2050 in the United States based on results from 17 models as part of the 37th Stanford Energy Modeling Forum (EMF-37). In the study’s Net-Zero scenario, the models use diverse pathways to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050, with gross energy-related residual emissions ranging from 17.2 to 66.6 % of 2020 levels. Electricity consistently emerges as central to achieving net-zero, with models projecting rapid electrification of end-uses and rapidly declining CO₂ intensity of electricity. However, the extent of electrification and the technology mix to decarbonize the power sector vary considerably across models. In the Net-Zero scenario, electricity is projected to evolve from ∼20 % of final energy in 2020 to 17–63 % in 2050 across the models driven by electrification in all sectors—buildings, industry, and transportation—and, to a lesser extent by direct air capture. By 2050, total electricity consumption increases by 24–176 % (relative to 2020), accompanied by significant expansion in renewable electricity production. Together, solar and wind generation grows by 175–834 %, supplying 45–90 % of total electricity in 2050, with wind achieving slightly higher shares than solar. Electricity storage technologies are deployed at scale to support wind and solar generation. The electricity generation mix varies across models: some project almost complete reliance on renewables, while others see a substantial role for natural gas, often with carbon capture and storage. This paper synthesizes the rich diversity of modeling approaches and results, highlighting differing views on how key drivers of electricity demand and supply might evolve.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72914,"journal":{"name":"Energy and climate change","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100196"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143936168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}