Energy and climate change最新文献

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Impact of drought on hydropower generation in the Volta River basin and future projections under different climate and development pathways 干旱对沃尔塔河流域水力发电的影响以及不同气候和发展路径下的未来预测
IF 5.8
Energy and climate change Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.egycc.2024.100169
Akwasi Adu-Poku , Ebenezer K. Siabi , Nathaniel Oppong Otchere , Francis B. Effah , Edward A. Awafo , Francis Kemausuor , Mashael Yazdanie
{"title":"Impact of drought on hydropower generation in the Volta River basin and future projections under different climate and development pathways","authors":"Akwasi Adu-Poku ,&nbsp;Ebenezer K. Siabi ,&nbsp;Nathaniel Oppong Otchere ,&nbsp;Francis B. Effah ,&nbsp;Edward A. Awafo ,&nbsp;Francis Kemausuor ,&nbsp;Mashael Yazdanie","doi":"10.1016/j.egycc.2024.100169","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egycc.2024.100169","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydropower is a major electricity source for Ghana, supplying about 28 % of the national generation capacity. Looking to the future, Ghana's vulnerability to drought may intensify with climate change projections in the Volta Basin indicating higher temperatures, more frequent extreme weather events and greater rainfall variability, which could exacerbate drought risks, alter river flow and disrupt electricity production from dams. This poses major energy security concerns for Ghana, which depends heavily on hydropower and has limited capacity to adapt. Therefore, this study evaluated the potential impacts of future droughts, measured by the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), on hydropower generation and electricity pricing in Ghana under different Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios. A statistically significant Random Forest Regression model driven by SPEI projections was developed to forecast hydropower output from Ghana's largest hydropower plant, the Akosombo Dam, through 2050. Results indicate drought risks across SSPs, with more frequent hydropower generation deficits compared to optimal historical baseline averages. As generation fluctuates, electricity prices are forecast to continue rising substantially, although favourable socioeconomic pathways like SSP1 can limit price spikes. The findings underscore the importance of diversifying Ghana's electricity mix and implementing climate adaptation measures to hedge against increasing uncertainty in hydropower resources. The insights provide vital information to guide power sector planning and policies to build climate resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72914,"journal":{"name":"Energy and climate change","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100169"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142720544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Green certificates for optimizing low-carbon hydrogen supply chain 优化低碳氢供应链的绿色证书
IF 5.8
Energy and climate change Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.egycc.2024.100164
Darya Maksakova, Sergei Popov
{"title":"Green certificates for optimizing low-carbon hydrogen supply chain","authors":"Darya Maksakova,&nbsp;Sergei Popov","doi":"10.1016/j.egycc.2024.100164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egycc.2024.100164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One of the primary challenges to the advancement of hydrogen technologies is their high costs. The study explores the potential of implementing green certificates for hydrogen, drawing parallels with the use of green certificates for electricity. The paper proposes a novel modeling tool to quantify the effect of trade in green certificates for hydrogen on trade flows and supply costs. The model is based on linear programming and covers both physical hydrogen trade and trade in green certificates for hydrogen simultaneously. An illustrative example is used to demonstrate the applicability of the model. The main conclusion is that the existence of a green certificate market could substantially reduce costs within a hydrogen supply system by reshaping transportation routes, all while maintaining the same level of low-carbon hydrogen production. This cost reduction effect raises hydrogen competitiveness and stimulates its production in remote areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72914,"journal":{"name":"Energy and climate change","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100164"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Perceptions of decarbonisation challenges for the process industry in Sweden and Norway 瑞典和挪威加工工业对去碳化挑战的看法
IF 5.8
Energy and climate change Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.egycc.2024.100167
Markus Steen , Johnn Andersson , Hans Hellsmark , Teis Hansen , Jens Hanson , Elizaveta Johansson
{"title":"Perceptions of decarbonisation challenges for the process industry in Sweden and Norway","authors":"Markus Steen ,&nbsp;Johnn Andersson ,&nbsp;Hans Hellsmark ,&nbsp;Teis Hansen ,&nbsp;Jens Hanson ,&nbsp;Elizaveta Johansson","doi":"10.1016/j.egycc.2024.100167","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egycc.2024.100167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The energy-intensive process industries (EPIs) account for a high share of global carbon emissions but have so far been slow to decarbonise. One of the reasons for the slow pace is that central problems and solutions are contested among stakeholders. To develop effective and inclusive transition policy, a better understanding of different perspectives on decarbonisation challenges is needed. In this paper, we use Q methodology to address this gap with an analysis of EPI decarbonisation in Sweden and Norway. The research draws on 50 interviews where different types of stakeholders sorted and reflected upon statements that describe potential decarbonisation challenges. Through factor analysis, we identify four salient narratives in each country, which emphasise different problems and trade-offs. However, we also find similarities across the narratives, both within and across countries. A key challenge that is emphasized in both countries is to ensure a sufficient supply of electricity at competitive prices. Ultimately, we demonstrate how these findings are important for providing policy recommendations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72914,"journal":{"name":"Energy and climate change","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100167"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cobalt-based molecular electrocatalyst-mediated green hydrogen generation: A potential pathway for decarbonising steel industry 钴基分子电催化剂介导的绿色制氢:钢铁工业脱碳的潜在途径
IF 5.8
Energy and climate change Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.egycc.2024.100168
Santanu Ghorai , Suhana Karim , Sukanta Saha , Arnab Dutta
{"title":"Cobalt-based molecular electrocatalyst-mediated green hydrogen generation: A potential pathway for decarbonising steel industry","authors":"Santanu Ghorai ,&nbsp;Suhana Karim ,&nbsp;Sukanta Saha ,&nbsp;Arnab Dutta","doi":"10.1016/j.egycc.2024.100168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egycc.2024.100168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amid the climate change crisis, researchers are investigating the transformative potential of green hydrogen produced by renewable energy electrolysis to decarbonize the steel sector, a significant contributor to global carbon emissions. It aims to lower the carbon footprint of the steel industry by showcasing green hydrogen's potential as a cleaner substitute for traditional fossil fuels in the production process. Despite its potential, issues such as high costs, restricted availability, and infrastructural alterations must be addressed. Cobalt-based synthetic catalysts, especially cobaloximes, are being considered as a key electrocatalytic component for hydrogen production via water-splitting. Cobaloximes, noted for their efficiency and stability in catalysing hydrogen evolution, have made considerable advances in the field of molecular catalysis. Recently, advanced immobilisation procedures have appreciably enhanced their overall catalytic output and application. This article discusses several electrolyser technologies, such as proton exchange membrane (PEM) and alkaline electrolysis, highlighting the benefits of multi-stacked electrolyser systems for boosting hydrogen generation efficiency. These encouraging results are vital for unravelling a durable catalytic material that can be scaled up without much financial stringency. In light of the global climate pledges, the document concludes that green hydrogen might provide 24 % of the world's energy needs by 2050, resulting in a considerable reduction in CO<sub>2</sub> emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72914,"journal":{"name":"Energy and climate change","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100168"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Advancing equitable value chains for the global hydrogen economy 推进全球氢经济的公平价值链
IF 5.8
Energy and climate change Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.egycc.2024.100166
Kathleen M. Kennedy , Maria A. Borrero , Morgan R. Edwards , Patrick O'Rourke , Nathan E. Hultman , Kavita Surana
{"title":"Advancing equitable value chains for the global hydrogen economy","authors":"Kathleen M. Kennedy ,&nbsp;Maria A. Borrero ,&nbsp;Morgan R. Edwards ,&nbsp;Patrick O'Rourke ,&nbsp;Nathan E. Hultman ,&nbsp;Kavita Surana","doi":"10.1016/j.egycc.2024.100166","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egycc.2024.100166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen is a rapidly growing focus for countries seeking to develop green industries, but there are many questions about how the nascent global hydrogen economy will develop, and what this implies for equitable sharing of benefits and burdens between nations. In this perspective we summarize emerging trends in national hydrogen strategies and develop recommendations for researchers and policymakers to center equity in hydrogen development. This will require integrating innovation and development perspectives on international technology transfer, developing more detailed representation of hydrogen trade in systems models, building equity considerations into national and international planning processes, and establishing robust technology transfer efforts. Policymakers will also need to grapple with the difficulties of verifying life cycle emissions of hydrogen if hydrogen trade emerges as a significant trend, potentially requiring new methods of emissions accounting and trade reforms that prioritize international equity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72914,"journal":{"name":"Energy and climate change","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100166"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Health and air pollutant emission impacts of net zero CO2 by 2050 scenarios from the energy modeling forum 37 study 能源建模论坛 37 研究提出的 2050 年二氧化碳净零排放方案对健康和空气污染物排放的影响
IF 5.8
Energy and climate change Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.egycc.2024.100165
Daniel H. Loughlin , Alexander R. Barron , Charavee Basnet Chettri , Abigail O'Meara , Luis Sarmiento , Danni Dong , David L. McCollum , Sharon Showalter , Robert H. Beach , John Bistline , G. Joyce Kim , Christopher G. Nolte , Johannes Emmerling , P. Ozge Kaplan
{"title":"Health and air pollutant emission impacts of net zero CO2 by 2050 scenarios from the energy modeling forum 37 study","authors":"Daniel H. Loughlin ,&nbsp;Alexander R. Barron ,&nbsp;Charavee Basnet Chettri ,&nbsp;Abigail O'Meara ,&nbsp;Luis Sarmiento ,&nbsp;Danni Dong ,&nbsp;David L. McCollum ,&nbsp;Sharon Showalter ,&nbsp;Robert H. Beach ,&nbsp;John Bistline ,&nbsp;G. Joyce Kim ,&nbsp;Christopher G. Nolte ,&nbsp;Johannes Emmerling ,&nbsp;P. Ozge Kaplan","doi":"10.1016/j.egycc.2024.100165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egycc.2024.100165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon dioxide and non-greenhouse gas air pollutants are emitted from many of the same sources. Decarbonization actions thus typically yield air pollutant emission reductions, resulting in significant air quality benefits. Although several studies have highlighted this connection, including in the context of net zero carbon emission targets, substantial uncertainty remains regarding how alternative technological pathways to this goal will affect the spatial distribution and magnitude of air pollutants. Comprehensive multi-model and multi-scenario analyzes are needed to explore the relative impacts of alternative pathways. Our study begins to address this gap by leveraging the results from the recent Energy Modeling Forum 37 inter-model comparison exercise on U.S. decarbonization pathways. Comparing the results of the six teams who submitted air pollutant emissions suggests that strategies that target net zero U.S. carbon emissions would yield significant reductions in many air pollutants, and that this finding is generally robust across pathways. However, some energy sources, such as biomass and fossil fuels with carbon capture, will emit air pollutants and can potentially influence the magnitude, spatial distribution, and even sign of localized air pollutant emission changes. In the second part of this analysis, a simplified air quality and health impacts screening model is used to evaluate the air quality impacts in 2035 of sectoral emission changes from the three models that provided sectoral detail. Relative to a reference scenario, a net zero pathway is estimated to reduce fine particulate matter concentrations across the contiguous U.S., with health benefits from reduced mortality ranging from $65 billion to $250 billion in 2035 alone (2023$s). These benefits would be expected to grow over time as the net zero trajectory becomes more stringent. Both the magnitude of potential benefits and the substantial variation of the projections across models underscore the need for an EMF-like inter-model comparison exercise focused on air quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72914,"journal":{"name":"Energy and climate change","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100165"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comparing green hydrogen and green ammonia as energy carriers in utility-scale transport and subsurface storage 比较绿色氢气和绿色氨气作为能源载体在公用事业规模运输和地下储存中的应用
IF 5.8
Energy and climate change Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.egycc.2024.100163
Anne H. Menefee , Brandon A. Schwartz
{"title":"Comparing green hydrogen and green ammonia as energy carriers in utility-scale transport and subsurface storage","authors":"Anne H. Menefee ,&nbsp;Brandon A. Schwartz","doi":"10.1016/j.egycc.2024.100163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egycc.2024.100163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many of the challenges associated with utility-scale hydrogen transport and storage relate to its low density, high diffusivity, and the risk of hydrogen embrittlement, motivating consideration to integrating ammonia as an energy carrier. Compared to hydrogen, ammonia is more compatible with pipeline materials and delivers energy at higher density. Ammonia is also a mature industry with a greater extent of established pipeline networks and regulations that may accelerate hydrogen transitions and penetration in energy grids. However, converting hydrogen produced by renewable-driven electrolysis into ammonia (and back to hydrogen, depending on end use) complicates logistics, and associated energy and resource demands may offset the green hydrogen's carbon neutrality. This work outlines core considerations for the use of hydrogen vs. ammonia during transport and storage operations, with an emphasis on green hydrogen or green ammonia pathways coupled to pipeline transport and underground storage. We compare tradeoffs in pipeline infrastructure and operations; subsurface storage options; and project economics. We also evaluate round-trip efficiencies (RTE) for both pathways, which indicate that hydrogen is more attractive from an energy efficiency perspective for hydrogen end-use applications due to the efficiency penalties of initial ammonia synthesis and subsequent cracking, but RTE's for ammonia transport and storage are comparable to hydrogen for direct use or ammonia-to-power systems. The tradeoffs presented in this work would need to be considered on a case-by-case basis, but indicate that selective use of ammonia as an energy-dense hydrogen carrier could support decarbonization goals in industry and hydrogen economies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72914,"journal":{"name":"Energy and climate change","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100163"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142539434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Global trade of green iron as a game changer for a near-zero global steel industry? - A scenario-based assessment of regionalized impacts 全球生铁贸易能否改变全球钢铁业接近零增长的局面?- 基于情景的区域化影响评估
IF 5.8
Energy and climate change Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.egycc.2024.100161
Süheyb Bilici , Georg Holtz , Alexander Jülich , Robin König , Zhenxi Li , Hilton Trollip , Bryce Mc Call , Annika Tönjes , Saritha Sudharmma Vishwanathan , Ole Zelt , Stefan Lechtenböhmer , Stefan Kronshage , Andreas Meurer
{"title":"Global trade of green iron as a game changer for a near-zero global steel industry? - A scenario-based assessment of regionalized impacts","authors":"Süheyb Bilici ,&nbsp;Georg Holtz ,&nbsp;Alexander Jülich ,&nbsp;Robin König ,&nbsp;Zhenxi Li ,&nbsp;Hilton Trollip ,&nbsp;Bryce Mc Call ,&nbsp;Annika Tönjes ,&nbsp;Saritha Sudharmma Vishwanathan ,&nbsp;Ole Zelt ,&nbsp;Stefan Lechtenböhmer ,&nbsp;Stefan Kronshage ,&nbsp;Andreas Meurer","doi":"10.1016/j.egycc.2024.100161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egycc.2024.100161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The currently most promising approach for reducing CO<sub>2</sub> emissions of the global steel production is reducing iron ore in shaft furnaces with (green) hydrogen instead of blast furnaces. Unlike to the liquid iron produced in blast furnaces, the direct reduced iron produced in this route (green iron) exists in a solid state and can be transported at reasonable costs over long distances. This allows for spatial decoupling of the iron reduction step from the steelmaking step and may lead to global trade in green iron as a new intermediate product in the steelmaking value chain. This article assesses the potential impact of a global green iron trade in terms of shifting energy demand between regions and in terms of cost savings by comparing three scenarios for a global near-zero GHG steel industry: The Domestic scenario, assuming strict regional co-location of green iron and steel production; The Max Trade scenario, assuming early emergence of a global green iron market and the Intermediate Trade scenario, assuming late emergence of a global green iron market. In the trade scenarios, 12-21% of global crude steel is produced from traded green iron in 2050. 15-26 Mt/a of hydrogen consumption is relocated to global “sweet spots”, resulting in cost savings of 2.2-3.9% of the global annual steel production costs, which can provide important support for the development of net zero steel production. Enablers and barriers for global green iron trade are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72914,"journal":{"name":"Energy and climate change","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100161"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142418079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Strategic approach to accelerating regional bioenergy development: Bioelectricity for emission reduction and sustainability 加快地区生物能源发展的战略方法:生物电力促进减排和可持续性
IF 5.8
Energy and climate change Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.egycc.2024.100162
Arvind Singh Bisht
{"title":"Strategic approach to accelerating regional bioenergy development: Bioelectricity for emission reduction and sustainability","authors":"Arvind Singh Bisht","doi":"10.1016/j.egycc.2024.100162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egycc.2024.100162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The western Himalayas hold significant potential for generating bioelectricity from dry pine needle biomass. This approach provides multiple benefits, including forest fire prevention, electricity generation, and emission reduction. However, despite these advantages, the growth of this sector has fallen short of expectations. The projected electricity generation potential from pine needle biomass in this region could lead to a significant annual emission reduction of 1.7 MtCO<sub>2</sub>e through forest fire prevention and an additional 0.49 MtCO<sub>2</sub>e by displacing carbon-intensive grid electricity. Regional bioenergy development plays a crucial role in the global energy transition and aligns with SDG 13, \"Climate Action,\" and SDG 7, \"Affordable and Clean Energy.\" By focusing on bioenergy as a renewable and accessible energy source, local and regional communities can contribute to climate action while simultaneously ensuring affordable and clean energy for their communities. Therefore, this paper employs a hybrid SWOT-AHP analysis as a strategic planning tool to achieve emission reduction targets by stimulating regional bioenergy growth. Twenty-nine SWOT factors were identified under four variables, and then the AHP technique was employed to assign priority weights to both SWOT variables and factors. Combining SWOT with AHP analysis provides quantitatively determined priorities for the factors, enabling their objective comparison. Eventually, this study offers a comprehensive perspective that leads to policy recommendations and serves as a valuable resource for relevant stakeholders, policymakers, and researchers seeking to achieve emission reduction goals through bioelectricity generation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72914,"journal":{"name":"Energy and climate change","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100162"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142418078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The role of the pulp and paper industry in achieving net zero U.S. CO2 emissions in 2050 纸浆和造纸业在 2050 年实现美国二氧化碳净零排放中的作用
IF 5.8
Energy and climate change Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.egycc.2024.100160
Molly Charles, Kanishka B. Narayan, Jae Edmonds, Sha Yu
{"title":"The role of the pulp and paper industry in achieving net zero U.S. CO2 emissions in 2050","authors":"Molly Charles,&nbsp;Kanishka B. Narayan,&nbsp;Jae Edmonds,&nbsp;Sha Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.egycc.2024.100160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egycc.2024.100160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pulp and paper industry is energy-intensive, making up about 9 % of total United States industrial energy consumption and 2.5 % of U.S. industrial greenhouse gas emissions. The pulp and paper industry is unique among industrial sectors due to its existing reliance on waste biomass to generate energy for mill operations. Pulp and paper mills could theoretically offer opportunities for negative emissions through carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies along with use of biomass. In addition, the paper sector's use of low-temperature industrial heat creates opportunities for CO<sub>2</sub> reductions through electrification technologies.</div><div>We employ the Global Change Analysis Model (GCAM) to evaluate decarbonization pathways for the pulp and paper sector in the United States, as well as the sector's role in a net zero scenario and impacts on the energy, land, and water sectors. The version of GCAM used in this study includes detailed representation of major industrial sectors, including the pulp and paper industry. Representation of the linkage between forest products and paper production allow us to account for upstream carbon emissions, sequestration, and land-use impacts.</div><div>Preliminary results under a pathway to net zero U.S. CO<sub>2</sub> emissions in 2050 show that the pulp and paper industry can reach net zero CO<sub>2</sub> emissions before 2050, earlier than the overall energy system, and contribute negative emissions thereafter. Use of fossil fuels is significantly reduced by 2050, shifting to increased electricity use in process heat generation. Consumption of biomass energy in process heat also increases compared to the reference scenario. Though paper production decreases in the policy scenario in response to higher prices of wood products, a high carbon price can incentivize increased use of biomass with CCS and thus paper production. Negative emissions opportunities in the paper industry have impacts on the land sector. Increasing use of biomass accelerates the shift from unmanaged to managed forests, with associated tradeoffs between technological carbon sequestration and natural ecosystem services.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72914,"journal":{"name":"Energy and climate change","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100160"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142418077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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