{"title":"Symptomatic treatments of <i>N</i>-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis.","authors":"Soon-Tae Lee","doi":"10.47936/encephalitis.2020.00045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47936/encephalitis.2020.00045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>N</i>-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis presents with multiple symptoms including memory loss, seizure, psychosis, aphasia, altered mentality, dyskinesia, autonomic dysfunction, and central hypoventilation. While immunotherapy protocols are improving, morbidity and mortality in the disease largely depend on supportive care to control intractable symptoms. However, no prospective or controlled trials have been conducted on immunotherapy or supportive care principles in the disease. Thus, this study discusses and shares experience and ideas for symptomatic care of NMDAR encephalitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":72904,"journal":{"name":"Encephalitis (Seoul, Korea)","volume":"1 1","pages":"4-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/55/6c/encephalitis-2020-00045.PMC10295877.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9930032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seon-Jae Ahn, Jangsup Moon, Jun-Sang Sunwoo, Jin-Sun Jun, Soon-Tae Lee, Kyung-Il Park, Keun-Hwa Jung, Ki-Young Jung, Manho Kim, Sang Kun Lee, Kon Chu
{"title":"Respiratory virus-related meningoencephalitis in adults.","authors":"Seon-Jae Ahn, Jangsup Moon, Jun-Sang Sunwoo, Jin-Sun Jun, Soon-Tae Lee, Kyung-Il Park, Keun-Hwa Jung, Ki-Young Jung, Manho Kim, Sang Kun Lee, Kon Chu","doi":"10.47936/encephalitis.2020.00052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47936/encephalitis.2020.00052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Respiratory viruses (RVs) are pathogens that can cause central nervous system (CNS) infection, but previous research has been limited to a pediatric population. In recent years, several cases of adult RV meningoencephalitis have begun to be reported. We decided to research the CNS infection of RV in the entire neuroinfection registry.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed the neurologic infection registry of Seoul National University (Seoul, Korea). Among a total of 661 patients in the registry, 10 adult patients were diagnosed with RV-related meningoencephalitis on RV multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening test. We analyzed the clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and clinical course of the 10 patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three patients were definite RV meningoencephalitis who had positive PCR results from cerebrospinal fluid. The other seven patients were diagnosed with probable RV meningoencephalitis if they had positive PCR results in the sputum and negative results in other extensive workup.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RV-related meningoencephalitis should be considered a possible etiology in adult meningoencephalitis patients. To diagnose these viruses, screening test of RV PCR is recommended even in patients without upper respiratory infection symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":72904,"journal":{"name":"Encephalitis (Seoul, Korea)","volume":"1 1","pages":"14-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/88/d2/encephalitis-2020-00052.PMC10295871.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10234006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sang Bin Hong, Yong-Won Shin, Jangsup Moon, Woo-Jin Lee, Kon Chu, Sang Kun Lee
{"title":"Initial cerebrospinal fluid-restricted oligoclonal bands associate with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis severity: a pilot study.","authors":"Sang Bin Hong, Yong-Won Shin, Jangsup Moon, Woo-Jin Lee, Kon Chu, Sang Kun Lee","doi":"10.47936/encephalitis.2020.00038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47936/encephalitis.2020.00038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Intrathecal antibody production is thought to underly the pathogenesis and symptomatology of <i>N</i>-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis (NMDARE). In the present study, the clinical correlation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) restricted oligoclonal bands (OCBs), as a measure of intrathecal antibody synthesis, was examined in confirmed NMDARE cases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present study included patients with a confirmed diagnosis of NMDARE who underwent initial CSF evaluation and were followed up for a minimum of 12 months. Disease severity was assessed at baseline and 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Data regarding duration of hospitalization and intensive care unit (ICU) stay, the presence of uncontrolled seizures, and antiepileptic drug requirement were obtained for each patient.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 14 confirmed NMDARE patients, seven had CSF-OCBs. The presence of CSF-OCBs was associated with a more severe disease at baseline (p = 0.004), worse final outcome (p = 0.005), and longer hospitalization (median, 19 vs. 173 days; p < 0.001) and ICU stay (median, 0 vs. 29 days; p = 0.006). CSF-OCB positivity was closely associated with treatment refractoriness within 4 weeks (p = 0.029).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The presence of CSF-OCBs at the onset of disease in NMDARE patients was associated with initial treatment refractoriness and a more severe disease course leading to longer hospitalization, ICU admission, intractable seizures, and a poorer outcome. The results indicate that CSF-OCBs may be useful for prognostication. Furthermore, severe disease in NMDARE may be accompanied by oligoclonal expansion antibody-producing B cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":72904,"journal":{"name":"Encephalitis (Seoul, Korea)","volume":"1 1","pages":"7-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c1/9e/encephalitis-2020-00038.PMC10295873.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9930030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New era exploring the brain.","authors":"Manho Kim","doi":"10.47936/encephalitis.2020.00002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47936/encephalitis.2020.00002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72904,"journal":{"name":"Encephalitis (Seoul, Korea)","volume":"1 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/be/e5/encephalitis-2020-00002.PMC10295872.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10229147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yoonhyuk Jang, Jeong-Min Kim, Jangsup Moon, Kyung-Il Park, Soon-Tae Lee, Keun-Hwa Jung, Sang Kun Lee, Kon Chu
{"title":"Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis 8 years after serial herpes simplex virus type 1 and human herpesvirus type 7 encephalitis.","authors":"Yoonhyuk Jang, Jeong-Min Kim, Jangsup Moon, Kyung-Il Park, Soon-Tae Lee, Keun-Hwa Jung, Sang Kun Lee, Kon Chu","doi":"10.47936/encephalitis.2020.00066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47936/encephalitis.2020.00066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anti-<i>N</i>-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is triggered by herpesvirus encephalitis. Human herpesvirus type 7 (HHV-7) is a recently described herpesvirus for which neuroinvasion has been reported rarely. We report a case of anti-NMDAR encephalitis detected 8 years after recurrent herpes encephalitis associated with herpes simplex virus type 1 and HHV-7 in an immunocompetent host. Our case suggests that anti-NMDAR encephalitis may be triggered by HHV-7 meningoencephalitis in immunocompetent adults, and patients with a history of herpesvirus encephalitis should be vigilantly monitored.</p>","PeriodicalId":72904,"journal":{"name":"Encephalitis (Seoul, Korea)","volume":"1 1","pages":"25-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/83/45/encephalitis-2020-00066.PMC10295876.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9930033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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