Encephalitis (Seoul, Korea)最新文献

{"title":"Telemedicine in epilepsy and encephalitis: previous research and indication guidelines in Korea.","authors":"Yoonhyuk Jang,&nbsp;Jangsup Moon,&nbsp;Soon-Tae Lee,&nbsp;Sang Kun Lee,&nbsp;Kon Chu","doi":"10.47936/encephalitis.2022.00024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47936/encephalitis.2022.00024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Telemedicine is an emerging field of medicine that has become more important during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic era and is being studied actively in various medical fields. In neurology, the introduction of telemedicine is accelerating worldwide under the label of teleneurology. So far, few studies have been conducted on telemedicine for patients with epilepsy. In nonmetropolitan areas, video-based clinics have been demonstrated to be effective for seizure control, and smartphone-based diagnosis has also been confirmed to be accurate. Indeed, after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, telemedicine has been used to treat patients with epilepsy around the world. Few studies have examined the use of telemedicine for patients with autoimmune encephalitis. One showed that telephone-based evaluation is sufficient to assess the cognitive reserve of leucine-rich glioma inactivated-1-antibody encephalitis patients, thereby diagnosing their dementia. Telephone-based outpatient clinics are temporarily permitted under Korean medical law, and telemedicine can be attempted for clinically stable patients with epilepsy in Korea. In addition, patients with autoimmune encephalitis in stable or improving status may also be candidates for treatment with telemedicine. This review presents evidence for the safety and efficacy of telemedicine to treat epilepsy and encephalitis patients and discusses indication guidelines. Based on our literature review and current Korean medical law, we suggest tentative guidelines for telemedicine in the fields of epilepsy and autoimmune encephalitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":72904,"journal":{"name":"Encephalitis (Seoul, Korea)","volume":"2 3","pages":"65-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2f/fb/encephalitis-2022-00024.PMC10295915.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10220936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of critical illness among young males with chest pain, abdominal pain, or headaches in the Republic of Korea Army.","authors":"Byeong Geun Song,&nbsp;Jung Han Woo,&nbsp;Hyeon Kyung Yoon,&nbsp;Byeongwook Cho,&nbsp;Hyun Jae Lee,&nbsp;Moonki Jung,&nbsp;Yoonhyuk Jang","doi":"10.47936/encephalitis.2021.00185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47936/encephalitis.2021.00185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Chest pain, abdominal pain, and headache are common symptoms associated with critical illness. Here, we aimed to evaluate predictors associated with critical illness in young males of the Republic of Korea Army.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed previously healthy young males with chest pain, abdominal pain, or headaches who visited Armed Forces Seoul District Hospital between January 2019 and December 2020. Critical illness was defined as a condition that required hospitalization, a procedure or surgery, or referral to a tertiary hospital. The symptoms and signs of critical illness were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 762 enrolled patients, a critical illness was diagnosed in 45 patients (5.9%). Among chest pain signs, palpitation (odds ratio [OR], 22.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.08-102.4; p < 0.001), exertional dyspnea (OR, 16.3; 95% CI, 3.38-78.8; p = 0.001), duration (> 5 minutes) (OR, 7.54; 95% CI, 1.93-29.49; p = 0.004), and squeezing type (OR, 5.28; 95% CI, 1.11-25.11; p = 0.037) were significantly associated with critical illness. Among abdominal pain signs, right-lower-quadrant tenderness (OR, 11.87; 95% CI, 4.671-31.87; p < 0.001) was an alarming sign. For headaches, criticality was low (1.5%), and half of patients with critical illness were diagnosed incidentally regardless of headache.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We identified symptoms and signs significantly associated with critical illness in young male patients. This study might serve as a reference for deciding when to transfer soldiers in the field to a rear hospital, thereby contributing to the welfare and combat power of soldiers.</p>","PeriodicalId":72904,"journal":{"name":"Encephalitis (Seoul, Korea)","volume":"2 3","pages":"73-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ff/4e/encephalitis-2021-00185.PMC10295918.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10220935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating cognitive outcomes in adult patients with acute encephalitis syndrome: a prospective study from a tertiary care center in Nepal.","authors":"Parash Rayamajhi,&nbsp;Gaurav Nepal,&nbsp;Rajeev Ojha,&nbsp;Reema Rajbhandari,&nbsp;Bikram Prasad Gajurel,&nbsp;Ragesh Karn","doi":"10.47936/encephalitis.2021.00157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47936/encephalitis.2021.00157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Although cognitive impairment is a known complication of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES), few studies have evaluated cognitive outcomes in patients with encephalitis. The primary objective of this study was to assess the cognitive profiles of patients diagnosed with AES, which is pivotal for improving rehabilitation strategies and prognostic measures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was conducted at the Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital. Adult patients with AES who met inclusion criteria were enrolled. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) tool was used to assess cognitive function at admission, discharge, and 3-month follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-six patients were enrolled in our study. The mean age of the participants was 43 ± 18 years. Fourteen patients (38.9%) were female, and 22 (61.1%) were male. Tuberculous (TB) meningoencephalitis was present in 14 cases (38.9%), with herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis in 14 (38.9%), bacterial meningoencephalitis in 4 (11.1%), autoimmune encephalitis in 2 (5.6%), and Japanese encephalitis in 2 (5.6%). Patients with bacterial meningoencephalitis had the highest MoCA scores at admission, whereas those with HSV encephalitis had the highest scores at discharge and follow-up. Compared with the scores at admission, the scores at discharge and follow-up increased significantly in patients with TB meningoencephalitis and HSV encephalitis. The MoCA score at discharge was established as a significant predictor of cognitive function at follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We found that active treatment can improve the outcomes of AES patients with cognitive impairment. Although infectious etiologies are most common in low-income countries such as Nepal, autoimmune etiologies should not be overlooked.</p>","PeriodicalId":72904,"journal":{"name":"Encephalitis (Seoul, Korea)","volume":"2 2","pages":"36-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f4/b3/encephalitis-2021-00157.PMC10295914.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9842408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic social stress during early development elicits unique behavioral changes in adulthood.","authors":"Daejong Jeon, Jiye Choi, Ah Reum Yang, Jung-Seok Yoo, Sangwoo Kim, Sang Kun Lee, Kon Chu","doi":"10.47936/encephalitis.2021.00178","DOIUrl":"10.47936/encephalitis.2021.00178","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Chronic social stress is known to induce inflammation in the brain, and early-life stress affects the brain and social behavior in adulthood. To study the relationship between social stress in childhood development and social behavior in adulthood, we subjected mice to a sequential early-life social stresses and characterized their adult behavioral phenotypes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>C57BL/6 mice were sequentially subjected to maternal separation (MS), social defeat (SD), and social isolation (SI) in that order. The body weights of the MS/SD/SI mice were measured. Behavioral tasks related to anxiety, depression, locomotion, learning/memory, and repetitive/compulsive-like behavior were conducted. Social behaviors suggesting sociability, social interaction, aggression, and social fear were investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MS/SD/SI mice weighed less than the control mice. At 7 and 8 weeks of age. These mice displayed normal behaviors in anxiety-, depression-, and learning/memory-related tasks, but they exhibited increased locomotor activity and a low level of repetitive/compulsive-like behavior. Notably, they exhibited increased social interaction, impaired empathy-related fear, reduced predator fear, and increased defensive aggressiveness.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Social stress during childhood development resulted in behavioral alterations, and MS/SD/SI mice generated by mimicking child abuse or maltreatment showed unique abnormalities in social behaviors. MS/SD/SI mice might be useful not only to study the relationship between social stress and brain inflammation but also psychosocial behaviors observed in individuals with brain disorders, such as psychopaths.</p>","PeriodicalId":72904,"journal":{"name":"Encephalitis (Seoul, Korea)","volume":"2 2","pages":"45-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/eb/71/encephalitis-2021-00178.PMC10295912.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9847692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis following human papillomavirus quadrivalent vaccination.","authors":"Mina Lee,&nbsp;Moo-Young Ahn,&nbsp;Hakjae Roh","doi":"10.47936/encephalitis.2021.00136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47936/encephalitis.2021.00136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is a rare autoimmune demyelinating disease associated with preceding infection or vaccination. Herein, we report a case of refractory fulminant acute disseminated encephalomyelitis that occurred 25 days after Gardasil vaccination (Merck).</p>","PeriodicalId":72904,"journal":{"name":"Encephalitis (Seoul, Korea)","volume":"2 2","pages":"54-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4c/40/encephalitis-2021-00136.PMC10295913.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9842411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of magnetic resonance imaging features in cerebral parenchyma from prolonged focal status epilepticus: a case study.","authors":"Sung Chul Lim,&nbsp;Jung Hee Cho,&nbsp;Young-Min Shon","doi":"10.47936/encephalitis.2021.00171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47936/encephalitis.2021.00171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It has rarely been documented that permanent alteration of cerebral structures occurs by focal status epilepticus (FSE). We report the case of a 16-year-old boy with FSE in whom serial T1-weighted magnetic resonance volumetry and conventional magnetic resonance imaging were useful for investigating an evolving pattern of morphological changes during and after the FSE, including cortical laminar necrosis (CLN), increased T2 signal intensities, and marked regional atrophy on the corresponding areas. Despite cessation of FSE after adequate medication (combination therapy including clobazam of 1 mg/kg/day), further significant cerebral atrophy was detected at the limited regions where discrete CLN had occurred during the FSE.</p>","PeriodicalId":72904,"journal":{"name":"Encephalitis (Seoul, Korea)","volume":"2 2","pages":"58-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/35/78/encephalitis-2021-00171.PMC10295910.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9847690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rare genetic causes of meningitis and encephalitis.","authors":"Jangsup Moon","doi":"10.47936/encephalitis.2021.00164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47936/encephalitis.2021.00164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Differential diagnosis of meningitis and encephalitis is often very challenging because it cannot be determined based on symptoms, and the diseases have various causes. This article explains rare genetic causes of meningitis and encephalitis. Autoinflammatory disorders include cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes, familial Mediterranean fever, and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome. Furthermore, other genetic disorders, such as complement factor I deficiency, phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class T mutation, and neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease, can present as meningitis and encephalitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":72904,"journal":{"name":"Encephalitis (Seoul, Korea)","volume":"2 2","pages":"29-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0d/fa/encephalitis-2021-00164.PMC10295911.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9842409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Angiography-negative childhood primary angiitis of the central nervous system diagnosed by open brain biopsy: a case report.","authors":"Dayun Kang,&nbsp;Soo Yeon Kim,&nbsp;Jong Hee Chae,&nbsp;Ki Joong Kim,&nbsp;Sung-Hye Park,&nbsp;Byung Chan Lim","doi":"10.47936/encephalitis.2021.00129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47936/encephalitis.2021.00129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Childhood primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) is rare and has been poorly defined, which makes it difficult to diagnose and treat. Herein, we report a case of childhood PACNS that was diagnosed by open brain biopsy. Clinical symptoms and radiologic findings improved after combination treatment with steroid and cyclophosphamide. In this case, a 16-year-old, previously healthy, adolescent male complained of headache, seizure, and right-side weakness with hypoesthesia. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed multifocal, high-signal intensity lesions on T2-weighted scans with patch contrast enhancement. The clinical symptoms improved after intravenous steroid pulse therapy (methylprednisolone, 1,000 mg/day for 3 consecutive days) and subsequent oral steroid maintenance. However, follow-up brain MRI showed aggravation of the previous lesions. Open brain biopsy of the left parietal lobe showed infiltration of lymphoplasma cells to the vessel walls with parenchymal necrosis, consistent with PACNS. The patient received four monthly intravenous cyclophosphamide (1,000 mg/dose at each cycle) treatments along with oral steroid maintenance. After treatment, he was symptom-free, and follow-up MRI revealed marked lesion improvements. This case suggests the important role of brain biopsy and aggressive immunosuppressive treatment in diagnosis and management of childhood PACNS.</p>","PeriodicalId":72904,"journal":{"name":"Encephalitis (Seoul, Korea)","volume":"2 1","pages":"19-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/37/70/encephalitis-2021-00129.PMC10295908.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10221433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful treatment with rituximab for central nervous system vasculitis caused by Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disorder with immunoglobulin M gammopathy.","authors":"Juhee Lee, Han Sang Lee, Kon Chu","doi":"10.47936/encephalitis.2021.00143","DOIUrl":"10.47936/encephalitis.2021.00143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is associated with several autoimmune conditions, including central nervous system (CNS) vasculitis. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a pathogen capable of triggering a systemic immune response and is involved in the occurrence of a wide range of B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. In systemic autoimmune diseases, EBV infection is suspected to play a central role in pathogenesis. Here, we present a case that was thought to be a systemic autoimmune disease and CNS vasculitis that developed after EBV infection, demonstrating that rituximab is effective for the treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":72904,"journal":{"name":"Encephalitis (Seoul, Korea)","volume":"2 1","pages":"14-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/fd/a6/encephalitis-2021-00143.PMC10295905.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9844529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical significance of Epstein-Barr virus polymerase chain reaction in cerebrospinal fluid.","authors":"Yong Woo Shin,&nbsp;Jun-Sang Sunwoo,&nbsp;Han-Sang Lee,&nbsp;Woo-Jin Lee,&nbsp;Seon-Jae Ahn,&nbsp;Sang Kun Lee,&nbsp;Kon Chu","doi":"10.47936/encephalitis.2021.00115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47936/encephalitis.2021.00115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is implicated in various neurological conditions. However, the relationship between EBV DNA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and central nervous system (CNS) infection is unclear. We evaluated the clinical manifestation of patients with EBV DNA detected in CSF.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We reviewed the medical records of patients admitted to Seoul National University Hospital from January 2000 to March 2021 who underwent EBV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests in CSF. The subjects were divided into positive and negative groups depending on the presence of EBV DNA, and further clinical information was obtained from positive patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CSF EBV PCR tests were performed in 807 patients, and 57 (7.1%) tested positive. Pleocytosis was common (81.1%) in CSF samples with EBV DNA detected, and the proportion was significantly higher than that in samples that were EBV PCR negative (44.5%, p < 0.0001). Among 57 patients with EBV DNA detected in CSF, 51 (89.5%) were diagnosed with CNS infection or inflammatory disorders. Of the 51 patients, 31 (60.8%) had possible etiologies other than EBV. Follow-up evaluation was conducted in 19 of 20 patients, and 63.2% showed a favorable outcome.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Positive EBV PCR in CSF is mostly nonspecific and should be interpreted with caution. A comprehensive workup is needed to identify other etiologies before considering EBV as the sole culprit.</p>","PeriodicalId":72904,"journal":{"name":"Encephalitis (Seoul, Korea)","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/46/a6/encephalitis-2021-00115.PMC10295909.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10202735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}