Encephalitis (Seoul, Korea)最新文献_第5页

Intrathecal tigecycline is a safe and effective treatment for central nervous system infections. 鞘内替加环素是一种安全有效的治疗中枢神经系统感染的方法。

Encephalitis (Seoul, Korea) Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.47936/encephalitis.2023.00010

Antonio Mastroianni, Valeria Vangeli, Maria Vittoria Mauro, Filippo Urso, Roberto Manfredi, Sonia Greco

引用次数: 0

The importance of ruling out herpes simplex virus encephalitis in N-methyl-ᴅ-aspartate receptor encephalitis studies. 排除单纯疱疹病毒脑炎在n -甲基-夏-天冬氨酸受体脑炎研究中的重要性。

Encephalitis (Seoul, Korea) Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.47936/encephalitis.2023.00101

Esma'il Akade, Shahram Jalilian, Mohammad Bahadoram

引用次数: 0

Management of convulsive status epilepticus: recent updates. 惊厥癫痫持续状态的管理:最近的更新。

Encephalitis (Seoul, Korea) Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.47936/encephalitis.2022.00087

Jung-Ick Byun

引用次数: 1

The use of azithromycin and pyrimethamine for treatment of cerebral toxoplasmosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: a systematic review. 使用阿奇霉素和乙胺嘧啶治疗人类免疫缺陷病毒感染患者的脑弓形虫病:一项系统综述。

Encephalitis (Seoul, Korea) Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.47936/encephalitis.2022.00115

Mark Erving H Ramos, Steven G Villaraza

{"title":"The use of azithromycin and pyrimethamine for treatment of cerebral toxoplasmosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: a systematic review.","authors":"Mark Erving H Ramos, Steven G Villaraza","doi":"10.47936/encephalitis.2022.00115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47936/encephalitis.2022.00115","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Toxoplasma gondii is a parasite that is widely distributed around the globe and can cause brain inflammation, particularly in immunosuppressed patients such as those diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This paper reviews the efficacy of azithromycin and pyrimethamine combination therapy for cerebral toxoplasmosis in patients with HIV.Methods: The scope of the studies included in this review was limited from 1992 to 2022, with studies primarily being randomized, controlled clinical trials available on online scientific journal databases. The authors screened eligible records for review, removing those that did not fit the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The risk of bias of the extracted data was analyzed through the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials.Results: A broad search of major online databases such as PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, and Cochrane using keywords, limit fields, and Boolean operators yielded 3,130 articles. After thoroughly screening the search results, two studies were included in this review. Results from the studies included in the review demonstrate that the combination therapy of azithromycin and pyrimethamine is favorable for cerebral toxoplasmosis. However, the net response is less effective than the standard treatment regimen (pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine).Conclusion: The combination therapy of azithromycin and pyrimethamine is less effective than the standard treatment regimen for maintenance therapy for cerebral toxoplasmosis; thus, administering these medications for this indication must be met with caution.","PeriodicalId":72904,"journal":{"name":"Encephalitis (Seoul, Korea)","volume":"3 2","pages":"64-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4d/61/encephalitis-2022-00115.PMC10295825.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9835134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neuroprotective effects of melatonin in neurodegenerative and autoimmune central nervous system diseases. 褪黑素在神经退行性和自身免疫性中枢神经系统疾病中的神经保护作用。

Encephalitis (Seoul, Korea) Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.47936/encephalitis.2022.00094

Jung-Won Shin

{"title":"Neuroprotective effects of melatonin in neurodegenerative and autoimmune central nervous system diseases.","authors":"Jung-Won Shin","doi":"10.47936/encephalitis.2022.00094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47936/encephalitis.2022.00094","url":null,"abstract":"The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the anterior hypothalamus is the major circadian pacemaker in humans. Melatonin is a key hormone secreted by the pineal gland in response to darkness. Light-induced stimuli are transmitted along the retinohypothalamic tract to the SCN. Activation of the SCN inhibits the production of melatonin by the pineal gland through a complex neural pathway passing through the superior cervical ganglion. Accordingly, when light is unavailable, the pineal gland secretes melatonin. The circadian rhythm modulates sleep-wake cycles as well as many physiological functions of the endocrine system, including core body temperature, pulse rate, oxygen consumption, hormone levels, metabolism, and gastrointestinal function. In neurodegenerative disorders, the sleep-wake cycle is disrupted and circadian regulation is altered, which accelerates disease progression, further disrupting circadian regulation and setting up a vicious cycle. Melatonin plays a critical role in the regulation of circadian rhythms and is a multifunctional pleiotropic agent with broad neuroprotective effects in neurodegenerative disorders, viral or autoimmune diseases, and cancer. In this review, I discuss the neuroprotective functions of melatonin in circadian regulation and its roles in promoting anti-inflammatory activity, enhancing immune system functions, and preventing alterations in glucose metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders and autoimmune central nervous system diseases.","PeriodicalId":72904,"journal":{"name":"Encephalitis (Seoul, Korea)","volume":"3 2","pages":"44-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/48/a3/encephalitis-2022-00094.PMC10295826.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9835131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Protein biomarkers in multiple sclerosis. 多发性硬化症中的蛋白质生物标志物。

Encephalitis (Seoul, Korea) Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.47936/encephalitis.2022.00101

Jun-Soon Kim

{"title":"Protein biomarkers in multiple sclerosis.","authors":"Jun-Soon Kim","doi":"10.47936/encephalitis.2022.00101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47936/encephalitis.2022.00101","url":null,"abstract":"This review aimed to elucidate protein biomarkers in body fluids, such as blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), to identify those that may be used for early diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS), prediction of disease activity, and monitoring of treatment response among MS patients. The potential biomarkers elucidated in this review include neurofilament proteins (NFs), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), leptin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1), C-X-C motif chemokine 13 (CXCL13), and osteopontin (OPN), with each biomarker playing a different role in MS. GFAP, leptin, and CHI3L1 levels were increased in MS patient groups compared to the control group. NFs are the most studied proteins in the MS field, and significant correlations with disease activity, future progression, and treatment outcomes are evident. GFAP CSF level shows a different pattern by MS subtype. Increased concentration of CHI3L1 in the blood/CSF of clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) is an independent predictive factor of conversion to definite MS. BDNF may be affected by chronic progression of MS. CHI3L1 has potential as a biomarker for early diagnosis of MS and prediction of disability progression, while CXCL13 has potential as a biomarker of prognosis of CIS and reflects MS disease activity. OPN was an indicator of disease severity. A periodic detailed patient evaluation should be performed for MS patients, and broadly and easily accessible biomarkers with higher sensitivity and specificity in clinical settings should be identified.","PeriodicalId":72904,"journal":{"name":"Encephalitis (Seoul, Korea)","volume":"3 2","pages":"54-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/99/f2/encephalitis-2022-00101.PMC10295828.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9845007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated encephalitis after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection: a case report and retrospective case reviews. 严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型感染后髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白抗体相关性脑炎1例报告及回顾性病例回顾

Encephalitis (Seoul, Korea) Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.47936/encephalitis.2022.00129

Yoonkyung Lee, Seon-Jae Ahn, Han-Sang Lee, Yongmoo Kim, Seolah Lee, Hyeyoung Park, Jangsup Moon, Sang Kun Lee, Kon Chu

引用次数: 0

Sleep disturbances in autoimmune encephalitis. 自身免疫性脑炎的睡眠障碍

Encephalitis (Seoul, Korea) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.47936/encephalitis.2022.00073

Dae Lim Koo

{"title":"Sleep disturbances in autoimmune encephalitis.","authors":"Dae Lim Koo","doi":"10.47936/encephalitis.2022.00073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47936/encephalitis.2022.00073","url":null,"abstract":"Autoimmune encephalitis is an inflammatory neurological disorder characterized by psychiatric symptoms, cognitive impairment, and focal neurological deficits or seizures. Sleep disturbances are not a major consideration in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with autoimmune encephalitis. Various types of sleep disturbances are frequent, severe, and long-lasting, which can compromise the recovery and quality of life in patients with autoimmune encephalitis. Sleep disorders in patients with autoimmune encephalitis have received limited attention, and the prevalence and pathophysiological mechanisms of sleep disorders remain unclear. Recent studies have suggested that early recognition of specific sleep disturbances may provide clues for diagnosing autoimmune encephalitis. Furthermore, early diagnosis and treatment of sleep disturbances can promote recovery and improve long-term outcomes in patients with autoimmune encephalitis. In this report, we aimed to provide a comprehensive and extensive understanding of the clinical relevance of autoimmune encephalitis and specific related sleep disorders.","PeriodicalId":72904,"journal":{"name":"Encephalitis (Seoul, Korea)","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e4/20/encephalitis-2022-00073.PMC10295818.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10221440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Regulatory T cell profiles in patients with N-methyl-ᴅ-aspartate receptor-antibody encephalitis. N-甲基-ᴅ-天冬氨酸受体抗体脑炎患者的调节性 T 细胞谱。

Encephalitis (Seoul, Korea) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-03 DOI: 10.47936/encephalitis.2022.00052

Mildred A Iro, Christine S Rollier, Sarosh R Irani, Manish Sadarangani, Adam Al-Diwani, Andrew J Pollard, Elizabeth A Clutterbuck

{"title":"Regulatory T cell profiles in patients with N-methyl-ᴅ-aspartate receptor-antibody encephalitis.","authors":"Mildred A Iro, Christine S Rollier, Sarosh R Irani, Manish Sadarangani, Adam Al-Diwani, Andrew J Pollard, Elizabeth A Clutterbuck","doi":"10.47936/encephalitis.2022.00052","DOIUrl":"10.47936/encephalitis.2022.00052","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Purpose Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune disorders and used in adoptive cell transfer therapies. Neither have been explored in patients with autoimmune encephalitis where treated patient outcomes remain suboptimal with frequent relapses. Here, to identify new treatment strategies for autoimmune encephalitis, we sought to evaluate the proportion of circulating Tregs and Treg subpopulations in peripheral blood of patients with N-methyl-ᴅ-aspartate receptor-antibody encephalitis (NMDAR-Ab-E) and compared this with healthy controls.Methods: We compared the phenotype of peripheral blood Tregs in four adult NMDAR-Ab-E patients and four age- and sex-matched healthy controls using an 11-color flow cytometry assay panel for characterization of Tregs (CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+) cells into naïve (chemokine receptor [CCR] 7+ CD45RA+), central memory (CCR7+ CD45RA-), and effector memory (CCR7- CD45RA-) cells. We also examined and compared the expression of the CCR6 by circulating Tregs and the respective Treg subpopulations between the study groups.Results: The proportion of circulating Tregs was similar between patients with NMDAR-Ab-E and healthy controls but the proportion of naïve Tregs was lower in NMDAR-Ab-E patients (p = 0.0026). Additionally, the frequency of circulating effector memory Tregs was higher, and the proportion of circulating effector memory Tregs expressing CCR6 was lower, in NMDAR-Ab-E patients compared with healthy controls (p = 0.0026).Conclusion: Altered Treg homeostasis may be a feature of patients with NMDAR-Ab-E. Future studies with larger samples are warranted to validate these findings.","PeriodicalId":72904,"journal":{"name":"Encephalitis (Seoul, Korea)","volume":"3 1","pages":"15-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/37/95/encephalitis-2022-00052.PMC10295821.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9883880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Low serum complement level is associated with higher mortality in tuberculous meningitis: a retrospective cohort study. 低血清补体水平与结核性脑膜炎的高死亡率相关:一项回顾性队列研究。

Encephalitis (Seoul, Korea) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.47936/encephalitis.2022.00059

Hansol Im, Taewon Kim, Seunghee Na, In-Uk Song, Seong-Hoon Kim, Yoon-Sang Oh, Juhee Oh, Woojun Kim

{"title":"Low serum complement level is associated with higher mortality in tuberculous meningitis: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Hansol Im, Taewon Kim, Seunghee Na, In-Uk Song, Seong-Hoon Kim, Yoon-Sang Oh, Juhee Oh, Woojun Kim","doi":"10.47936/encephalitis.2022.00059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47936/encephalitis.2022.00059","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: We evaluated the associations between serum complement levels and tuberculous meningitis (TBM), bacterial meningitis (BM), and viral meningitis (VM), as well as the association between serum complement levels and mortality in TBM.Methods: Background information and blood/cerebrospinal fluid analysis results were collected from 2009 to 2019. Patients who had serum complement level data collected at admission and who were diagnosed with TBM (n = 97), BM (n = 31), or VM (n = 557) were enrolled.Results: Initial serum complement levels were significantly lower in the TBM group than the VM group in both the total population and the propensity score-matched population. In the TBM and VM groups, compared to patients with initial highest-quartile C4 level, patients in the lowest quartile (C4 < 24.3 mg/dL) had significantly greater odds of TBM diagnosis (odds ratio, 2.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-4.5; p = 0.038). In the TBM group, patients with the lowest-quartile C3 level (<96.9 mg/dL) experienced a significantly higher 90-day mortality rate compared to other TBM patients (hazard ratio, 19.0; 95% confidence interval, 2.1-167.4.5; p = 0.008).Conclusion: Both serum C3 and C4 levels were significantly lower in the TBM group than in the VM group. TBM patients with lower serum C3 level had a significantly higher mortality rate than those with higher C3 level.","PeriodicalId":72904,"journal":{"name":"Encephalitis (Seoul, Korea)","volume":"3 1","pages":"7-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/fa/a1/encephalitis-2022-00059.PMC10295820.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10202744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0