EES catalysis最新文献

{"title":"Strategic synergism in CO2 and biomass valorization into sustainable solar fuels via stable hybrid halide perovskites: unlocking untapped potential","authors":"Bhawna Rawat, Ankita Kumari, Manvi Sachdeva, Himanshu Bhatt, Dibyajyoti Ghosh, Hirendra N. Ghosh, Rajenahally V. Jagadeesh and Kamalakannan Kailasam","doi":"10.1039/D5EY00169B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EY00169B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Sunlight-driven integration of photocatalytic CO<small>₂</small> reduction with biomass feedstock valorization constitutes a highly efficient strategy for the synergistic production of multi-electron products and high-value fine chemicals, adhering to photo-chemical circular economy and sustainability. To date, no halide perovskite has been utilized for CO<small>₂</small> reduction coupled with biomass oxidation as the development of more stable, efficient, reusable, and non-toxic halide perovskites continues to be challenging. Herein, we report the room-temperature synthesis of methylammonium tin bromide (MA<small>₂</small>SnBr<small>₆</small>) quantum dots (QDs), a vacancy-ordered hybrid halide perovskite (HHP), without additional capping agents. These novel QDs maintain structural integrity in air, moisture, and polar solvents, addressing a significant issue associated with halide perovskites. Remarkably, the MA<small>₂</small>SnBr<small>₆</small> QDs remain stable under ambient conditions even after 1 year, as confirmed by PXRD analysis. Interestingly, MA<small>₂</small>SnBr<small>₆</small> achieved exceptionally high electron consumption rates (<em>R</em><small>_e</small>) of 5110 μmol g<small>⁻¹</small> h<small>⁻¹</small> and 12 383 μmol g<small>⁻¹</small> h<small>⁻¹</small> for CO<small>₂</small> reduction under simulated and natural sunlight, respectively, outperforming previous systems. <em>In situ</em> transient studies demonstrate that the photogenerated electrons of MA<small>₂</small>SnBr<small>₆</small> diffuse from the conduction band to trap states, reducing CO<small>₂</small>, while synergistically photogenerated holes oxidize biomass-derived alcohols. Additionally, <em>in situ</em> EPR experiments were performed to unravel mechanistic insights. Computational studies identify the Br p-orbitals of MA<small>₂</small>SnBr<small>₆</small> as the reaction centre for CO<small>₂</small> reduction. Consequently, this work introduces a lead-free, single-component material that operates without a co-catalyst, sacrificial agent or redox additive, offering a promising path towards achieving photoredox processes in a more sustainable and efficient manner.</p>","PeriodicalId":72877,"journal":{"name":"EES catalysis","volume":" 1","pages":" 175-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/ey/d5ey00169b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145969439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxide-derived low-coordination Ag catalysts enable efficient photovoltaic-driven electrochemical CO2 reduction in MEA electrolyzers","authors":"Yanxin Xie, Zeyu Guo, Zhikai Lang, Kezhong Liu, Jiabao Lv, Jianhua Yan, Songqiang Zhu, Yongzhi Zhou, Bo Xu, Hao Bin Wu, Mengxia Xu and Angjian Wu","doi":"10.1039/D5EY00208G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EY00208G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Oxide-derived silver (Ag) catalysts have emerged as promising candidates for achieving highly efficient electrochemical CO<small>₂</small> reduction reaction (eCO<small>₂</small>RR) to CO at industrial current densities. However, the evolution of active site configurations, the atomic-level coordination–activity relationship, and the design of practical solar-driven systems remain insufficiently explored. In this work, we report the facile <em>in situ</em> electrochemical synthesis of Ag<small>₂</small>O-derived Ag (Ag<small>₂</small>O-D-Ag), where the presence of unsaturated (low-coordination) Ag sites is revealed through operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The Ag<small>₂</small>O-D-Ag catalyst exhibits a CO faradaic efficiency of 90% at 500 mA cm<small>⁻²</small> and maintains a stability over 100 hours at 200 mA cm<small>⁻²</small> in a 4-cm<small>²</small> membrane electrode assembly (MEA) electrolyzer. <em>In situ</em> Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, combined with theoretical calculations, shows that these optimally low-coordinated Ag sites reduce the formation energy barrier of the *COOH intermediate, thereby accelerating CO production. Integration of this catalyst with a photovoltaic module enables a 100-cm<small>²</small> MEA prototype to operate stably for more than 30 hours, achieving a solar-to-CO energy efficiency of 4.87%. This study provides mechanistic insight into active site dynamics and demonstrates a scalable, renewable-energy-driven eCO<small>₂</small>RR system.</p>","PeriodicalId":72877,"journal":{"name":"EES catalysis","volume":" 6","pages":" 1391-1399"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ey/d5ey00208g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145429077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma induced methane conversion: a review on COx-free production of hydrogen, valuable chemicals, and functional carbon materials","authors":"Xiaohan Chen, Bella, Yifei Yue, Mohammadreza Kosari, Lina Liu, Feiyang Hu, Keyu Cao, Yi Xiong, Aindrila Mandal, Jie Chang, Luwei Chen, Kang Hui Lim and Sibudjing Kawi","doi":"10.1039/D5EY00054H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EY00054H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Catalytic decomposition and non-oxidative coupling of methane (CDM and NOCM) driven by plasma, especially non-thermal plasma, have been determined as strategic means for sustainable production of CO<small>_<em>x</em></small>-free hydrogen and value-added chemicals. The ‘one-step’ direct CDM and NOCM bypass the need for intermediate syngas production to hydrogen and chemicals using the Fischer–Tropsch process, thus benefiting from energy savings, but nevertheless, are still plagued by poor yields and stability. Thermal, warm, and non-thermal plasma technologies have gained research momentum due to the efficacy for activation of strong C–H chemical bonds in methane. Herein, the current literature is firstly reviewed to elucidate the mechanistic insights and plasma synergies (with and without catalysts) for CO<small>_<em>x</em></small>-free H<small>₂</small> production <em>via</em> methane conversion with a particular focus on CDM and NOCM reactions. Our review ascertains that while plasma-assisted methane activation can resolve the need for high energy activation and dissociation of C–H bonds, the governing reaction pathways and difficulties in tuning product selectivity with plasma alone warrant further research on the role of plasma-catalysis as a promising solution to tune reaction selectivity. Additionally, we explore strategies for catalyst design and the selection of plasma sources to improve synergistic interactions in plasma-catalysis. Selected examples of catalyst use and reactor design in plasma-catalytic setups are presented. Finally, drawing from recent advancements and our research perspective, an advanced plasma integrated system is proposed, especially a concept for a plasma-catalytic reactor featuring a membrane separator, which may serve as an effective unit for hydrogen production and purification.</p>","PeriodicalId":72877,"journal":{"name":"EES catalysis","volume":" 1","pages":" 31-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/ey/d5ey00054h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145969444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure–activity relationship in Co–N–C catalysts for multiple H2O2-related electrochemical reactions","authors":"Jie Yang, Lifang Chen, Xuya Zhu, Wenwen Shi, Mengxue Huang, Chang Liu, Ruimin Ding, Lin Gan and Xi Yin","doi":"10.1039/D5EY00224A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EY00224A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >H<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small>-related electrochemical reactions, including the two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e-ORR), H<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small> oxidation reaction (HPOR), and H<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small> reduction reaction (HPRR), have received significant attention for the electrosynthesis of H<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small> and energy storage. Understanding the complex structure–activity relationships among 2e-ORR/HPOR/HPRR and their connections is crucial for further developing highly efficient catalysts and working systems. Herein, we unveil these intricacies by employing model Co–N–C catalysts with a well-defined active site configuration (Co–N<small>_4-pyrrolic</small> and Co–N<small>_4-pyridinic</small>) in a combined experimental and computational approach. We report the higher 2e-ORR/HPOR but lower HPRR activity of the CoN<small>_4-pyrrolic</small> site than the CoN<small>_4-pyridinic</small> site based on their reaction free energy landscapes remodeled considering the chemisorption steps of O<small>₂</small> and H<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small>. The results reveal that the binding free energy of *OOH (Δ<em>G</em><small>_*OOH</small>) can only be utilized as a reliable descriptor for 2e-ORR/HPOR activity, but not indicative of HPRR activity, regardless of the scaling relationship of the common reaction intermediates (*OOH or *OH). The HPRR activity of CoN<small>₄</small> sites strongly depends on the H<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small> adsorption strength and configuration. These findings provide valuable insights into the design of catalysts for H<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small>-related electrochemical energy conversion and storage systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":72877,"journal":{"name":"EES catalysis","volume":" 1","pages":" 201-212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/ey/d5ey00224a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145969441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visualizing degradation mechanisms in a gas-fed CO2 reduction cell via operando X-ray tomography","authors":"Sol A Lee, Myeong Je Jang, Zhiyuan Qi, Kaiwen Wang, Ian Sullivan, Laura Paradis-Fortin, Dilworth Y. Parkinson, Walter S. Drisdell, Harry A. Atwater and Chengxiang Xiang","doi":"10.1039/D5EY00232J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EY00232J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >We utilize <em>operando</em> X-ray computed tomography, coupled with real-time electrochemical analysis, to reveal the underlying failure mechanisms of membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) for electrochemical CO<small>₂</small> reduction (eCO<small>₂</small>R). Through <em>operando</em> imaging, we can obtain unprecedented insights into the dynamic behavior of the MEA under different operating conditions, revealing critical changes in interface interactions, phase distribution, and structural integrity over time. Our findings identify phenomena giving rise to the transition from CO<small>₂</small>R to the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), as evidenced by shifts in cathode potential and CO<small>₂</small>R selectivity. The formation of inhomogeneous precipitates at the gas diffusion electrode disrupts the CO<small>₂</small> supply and reduces the active sites for eCO<small>₂</small>R, resulting in a shift toward H<small>₂</small> production during low current density operation. Additionally, under high current density conditions, rapid water crossover up to the microporous layer/gas diffusion layer promotes the transition from CO<small>₂</small>R to HER, further shifting cell potential toward anodic direction. Oscillating voltage conditions reveal the dissolution and regrowth of precipitates, providing direct visualization of the competing selectivity of CO<small>₂</small>R and HER. This work offers new insight into the degradation mechanisms of MEAs, with implications for the design of more durable CO<small>₂</small>R systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":72877,"journal":{"name":"EES catalysis","volume":" 6","pages":" 1302-1314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ey/d5ey00232j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145429053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic dual-electron acceptors in linear conjugated polymers for boosting photocatalytic hydrogen evolution","authors":"Sowon Kim, Youngwoong Yu, Hyunwoo Choi, Gayoung Ham, Sanghyeok An, Soyeon Lee, Jiwoong Yang, Dae Sung Chung, Jihoon Lee and Hyojung Cha","doi":"10.1039/D5EY00155B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EY00155B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A conjugated polymer photocatalyst containing dual-electron acceptor units, dibenzo[<em>b</em>,<em>d</em>]thiophene sulfone (DBS) and 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BT), known as <strong>PBT</strong>, has been synthesized for its strong electron-withdrawing abilities and structural flexibility. However, the inherent hydrophobicity of <strong>PBT</strong> leads to significant particle aggregation, hindering colloidal stability and electron transfer to protons. To overcome these limitations, fluorine and ethylene glycol (EG) groups are strategically incorporated into the BT unit to enhance molecular planarity and hydrophilicity, respectively. This molecular engineering effectively suppresses exciton and charge recombination, facilitating efficient charge separation and extraction. Comprehensive spectroscopic analyses—including time-resolved photoluminescence (Tr-PL) and transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS)—reveal that EG-functionalized polymers exhibit prolonged exciton lifetimes and strong photoinduced absorption at early timescales, indicating both suppressed non-radiative recombination and effective charge generation. Importantly, these modifications enable rapid charge separation and transfer with more efficient electron extraction to protons, mitigating charge accumulation within aggregated domains. Among the modified polymers, <strong>4EG-PBTz-F</strong>, with di-fluoro substituents and tetra-ethylene glycol groups, achieves the highest hydrogen evolution rates of 15.476 mmol g<small>⁻¹</small> and 3.095 mmol g<small>⁻¹</small> h<small>⁻¹</small> with a 3 wt% Pt co-catalyst. These results highlight the effectiveness of dual-electron acceptor design and interfacial control, offering a multi-faceted design strategy in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":72877,"journal":{"name":"EES catalysis","volume":" 1","pages":" 86-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/ey/d5ey00155b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145969480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasmonic gold nanostars conjugated poly(heptazine imide) for photocatalytic H2O2 production from O2 reduction†","authors":"Pankaj Sharma, Koen Evers, Maicon Delarmelina, Anton Y. Bykov, Martin Wilding, Tianhao He, Anatoly V. Zayats, Richard A. Catlow and Fang Xie","doi":"10.1039/D5EY00216H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EY00216H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Recent advances in photocatalytic systems for H<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small> production have led to improvements in both efficiency and selectivity; however, the practical application of current photocatalysts remains limited by low H<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small> production rates, poor long-term stability, and challenges in scalability. In this study, we present a novel photocatalyst based on the integration of gold nanostars (AuNSs) into poly(heptazine imide) (PHI) resulting in a system that is highly efficient for H<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small> production. The resulting AuNSs–PHI catalyst achieved a remarkable H<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small> generation rate of 286.95 mM g<small>⁻¹</small> h<small>⁻¹</small> under solar irradiation, utilising O<small>₂</small> reduction coupled with isopropanol oxidation. This enhanced performance is primarily attributed to localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effects from the embedded gold nanostars, which significantly boost light absorption and charge separation efficiency. The critical role of the optimized nanostructure was further validated through time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations on a gold cluster (Au<small>₂₀</small>) adsorbed onto PHI, providing theoretical insight into the observed experimental H<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small> production enhancement. These findings demonstrate the potential of plasmon-enhanced photocatalysis as a viable pathway for sustainable and scalable H<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small> production.</p>","PeriodicalId":72877,"journal":{"name":"EES catalysis","volume":" 6","pages":" 1285-1301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ey/d5ey00216h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145429052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Techno-economic analysis of plasma-assisted CO2 hydrogenation to methanol: feasibility and the impact of electricity supply","authors":"Giulia De Felice, Simona Eichkorn, Fausto Gallucci and Sirui Li","doi":"10.1039/D5EY00130G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EY00130G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >CO<small>₂</small> hydrogenation to methanol using plasma provides a sustainable alternative to conventional, fossil-based production methods. Although numerous experimental studies in relevant field have been reported, a comprehensive techno-economic assessment is still lacking. Additionally, the influence of electricity supply strategies on the plasma process remains unexplored. Therefore, in this study, evaluation has been performed on a plasma-assisted methanol production process with emphasis on the effects of multiple electricity supply strategies. A process model was developed based on the state-of-the-art performance of a catalytic DBD plasma reactor. Then, the minimum methanol selling price (MMSP) was calculated to evaluate the economic feasibility of variable and continuous operation of the plasma process and different electricity supply strategies. The results indicated that, in all scenarios investigated, the plasma process can not directly compete with conventional benchmark processes. Among the prospective power supply strategies projected for 2050, a significant reduction in MMSP was observed, with the lowest MMSP achieved when using surplus renewable energy. However, even with this approach, the MMSP was 7277 € per t, more than seven times higher than the benchmark price. Continuous operation of the plasma process at maximum capacity could improve its economic performance enabling a reduction of the MMSP to 3601 € per t.</p>","PeriodicalId":72877,"journal":{"name":"EES catalysis","volume":" 6","pages":" 1327-1344"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ey/d5ey00130g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145429055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historical experimental data and theoretical volcano map-accelerated cross-scale design of a highly active and durable ternary alloy electrocatalyst for formic acid oxidation","authors":"Pengcheng Liu, Dezhi Su, Xiao Chen, Yanyi Liu, Kaili Wang, Da Chen, Xijun Liu and Jia He","doi":"10.1039/D5EY00149H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EY00149H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Traditional studies in comprehensive multicomponent spaces driven by redundant chemical experiments may overlook important features. Herein, we introduce historical experimental data and a theoretical volcano map, coupled with thermodynamic stability, to provide insights by feature ranking based on a robust formic acid oxidation reaction (FOR) database. Results indicate that the PdCuNi alloy catalyst screened by density functional theory (DFT) calculations and machine learning (ML) is a promising candidate for FOR. Electron-deficient surface Ni atoms promote the reduction of the thermodynamic energy barrier of FOR. A PdCuNi medium entropy alloy aerogel (PdCuNi AA) was successfully synthesized through a simple one-pot NaBH<small>₄</small>-reduction synthesis strategy. The obtained catalyst exhibits a mass activity of 2.7 A mg<small>⁻¹</small>, surpassing those of PdCu, PdNi and commercial Pd/C by approximately 2.1-, 2.7- and 6.9-fold, respectively. Moreover, PdCuNi AA achieves an impressive power density of around 153 mW cm<small>⁻²</small> with 0.5 mg cm<small>⁻²</small> loading in the anode of direct formic acid fuel cells. Combining cutting-edge methods to drive innovative catalyst design will play a key role in advancing the development of fuel cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":72877,"journal":{"name":"EES catalysis","volume":" 6","pages":" 1377-1390"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ey/d5ey00149h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145429076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbonylation involving organocopper intermediates","authors":"Zhi-Peng Bao and Xiao-Feng Wu","doi":"10.1039/D5EY00220F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EY00220F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Developing economical and environmentally friendly carbonylation synthetic methods is an important and challenging goal. Exploring the application of non-precious metal catalysts in synthetic chemistry has proven to be an ideal choice due to their abundancy, low cost, and low toxicity. In recent years, as copper is one of the cheaper metals, copper catalysts have been widely used in the field of carbonylative transformations. In this review, case-by-case reaction modes and mechanisms are summarized and discussed, along with a personal perspective. Various organocopper intermediates were produced from the single-electron reduction of alkyl halides, capturing radicals from the oxidation of carbon-hydrogen bonds, transmetalation, and active copper species addition to unsaturated bonds (active Cu–H, Cu–Bpin or Cu–Si intermediate), and then, different organocopper intermediates can result from nucleophilic quenching, electrophilic quenching, transmetalation, isomerization to carbene, <em>etc.</em></p>","PeriodicalId":72877,"journal":{"name":"EES catalysis","volume":" 6","pages":" 1179-1195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ey/d5ey00220f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145429058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}