EES catalysis最新文献

{"title":"The dark side of metal exsolution: a combined <i>in situ</i> surface spectroscopic and electrochemical study on perovskite-type cathodes for high-temperature CO₂ electrolysis.","authors":"Christian Melcher, Andreas Nenning, Florian Schrenk, Kirsten Rath, Christoph Rameshan, Alexander Karl Opitz","doi":"10.1039/d5ey00013k","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d5ey00013k","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In solid oxide CO₂ electrolysis cells, moderate activity and coking of the cathode are major issues that hinder commercialization of this important technology. It has been already shown that cathodes based on a mixed conducting oxide decorated with well-dispersed metal nanoparticles, which were grown <i>via</i> an exsolution process, are highly resilient to carbon deposition. Using perovskite-type oxides that contain reducible transition metals, such nanoparticles can be obtained <i>in situ</i> under sufficiently reducing conditions. However, the direct catalytic effect of exsolved metal nanoparticles on the CO₂ splitting reaction has not yet been explored thoroughly (<i>e.g.</i> by employing well-defined model systems), thus, an in-depth understanding is still lacking. In this study, we aim at providing a crucial piece of insight into high-temperature electrochemical CO₂ splitting on exsolution-decorated electrodes: we present the results of combined Near Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (NAP-XPS) and electrochemical measurements on three different ferrite perovskites, which were employed as thin film model electrodes. The investigated materials are: La_0.6Ca_0.4FeO_3-<i>δ</i> (LCF), Nd_0.6Ca_0.4FeO_3-<i>δ</i> (NCF), and Pr_0.6Ca_0.4FeO_3-<i>δ</i> (PCF). The results obtained allow us to directly link the electrode's CO₂ splitting activity to their surface chemistry. Especially, the electro-catalytic activity of the materials decorated with and without metallic iron nanoparticles was in focus. Our experiments reveal that in contrast to their beneficial role in H₂O electrolysis, exsolved Fe⁰ metal particles deteriorate CO₂ electrolysis activity. This behavior contrasts with expectations derived from earlier reports on porous samples, and is likely a consequence of the differences between the CO₂ splitting and H₂O splitting mechanism.</p>","PeriodicalId":72877,"journal":{"name":"EES catalysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11894520/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143626876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: High performance acidic water electrooxidation catalysed by manganese–antimony oxides promoted by secondary metals","authors":"Sibimol Luke, Manjunath Chatti, Darcy Simondson, Khang N. Dinh, Brittany V. Kerr, Tam D. Nguyen, Gamze Yilmaz, Bernt Johannessen, Douglas R. MacFarlane, Aswani Yella, Rosalie K. Hocking and Alexandr N. Simonov","doi":"10.1039/D5EY90004B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EY90004B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Correction for ‘High performance acidic water electrooxidation catalysed by manganese–antimony oxides promoted by secondary metals’ by Sibimol Luke <em>et al., EES. Catal.</em>, 2023, <strong>1</strong>, 730–741, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3EY00046J.</p>","PeriodicalId":72877,"journal":{"name":"EES catalysis","volume":" 2","pages":" 347-347"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ey/d5ey90004b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of Fe incorporation into Ni-MOF-74 derived oxygen evolution electrocatalysts for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis.","authors":"Julia Linke, Thomas Rohrbach, Adam Hugh Clark, Camelia Borca, Thomas Huthwelker, Fabian Luca Buchauer, Mikkel Rykær Kraglund, Christodoulos Chatzichristodoulou, Eibhlin Meade, Julie Guehl, Mateusz Wojtas, Marco Ranocchiari, Thomas Justus Schmidt, Emiliana Fabbri","doi":"10.1039/d4ey00250d","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d4ey00250d","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The performance of Ni-based oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts is enhanced upon Fe incorporation into the structure during the synthesis process or electrochemical Fe uptake from the electrolyte. In light of the promising potential of metal-organic framework (MOF) electrocatalysts for water splitting, Ni-MOF-74 is used as a model catalyst to study the effect of Fe incorporation from KOH electrolyte on the electrocatalyst's OER activity and stability. The insights obtained from X-ray diffraction and operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy characterization of Ni-MOF-74 and an amorphous Ni metal organic compound (Ni-MOC*) reveal that Fe uptake enhances OER by two processes: higher Ni oxidation states and enhanced flexibility of both, the electronic state and the local structure, when cycling the potential below and above the OER onset. To demonstrate the impressive OER activity and stability in Fe containing KOH, an Ni-MOC* anode was implemented in an anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer (AEM-WE) with 3 ppm Fe containing 1 M KOH electrolyte resulting in an outstanding cell voltage of 1.7 V (at an anode potential of 1.51 V) at 60 °C and 0.5 A cm^-2 exceeding 130 h of stable continuous operation.</p>","PeriodicalId":72877,"journal":{"name":"EES catalysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11791620/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143366930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vacancy-engineered bismuth vanadate for photoelectrocatalytic glycerol oxidation with simultaneous hydrogen production†","authors":"Haoyue Sun, Rui Tang, Lizhuo Wang, Yuhang Liang, Wenjie Yang, Zhisheng Lin, Xingmo Zhang, Kaijuan Chen, Weibin Liang, Shenlong Zhao, Rongkun Zheng and Jun Huang","doi":"10.1039/D4EY00211C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EY00211C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) water splitting offers a sustainable pathway for clean H<small>₂</small> production, and its integration with biomass valorization further enhances eco-economic efficiency. In this study, a BiVO<small>₄</small> catalyst with an optimized oxygen vacancy (Ov-BVO) concentration was grown on a SnO<small>₂</small> skeleton, achieving efficient PEC glycerol oxidation to selectively produce dihydroxyacetone (DHA) and H<small>₂</small> under neutral conditions. By incorporating Ov-BVO with SnO<small>₂</small>, the light-harvesting and photo-induced carrier transfer efficiencies were significantly improved. Ov played a crucial role in selectively absorbing and activating the secondary –OH group of glycerol molecules, as revealed by theoretical and experimental studies. However, excessive Ov induced carrier recombination, underscoring the need for an optimal Ov concentration, which was achieved by tailoring heat treatment conditions. The SnO<small>₂</small>/BVO-400 catalyst demonstrated a trade-off between the prolonged carrier lifetime and efficient reactant adsorption, exhibiting a PEC DHA productivity of 144 mmol m<small>⁻²</small> h<small>⁻¹</small> with 26.5% selectivity, alongside H<small>₂</small> generation (1850 mmol m<small>⁻²</small> h<small>⁻¹</small>). This work lays the groundwork to achieve value-added chemical fabrication through neutral PEC glycerol reforming and the potential scale-up of this sustainable technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":72877,"journal":{"name":"EES catalysis","volume":" 2","pages":" 337-346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ey/d4ey00211c?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective catalytic hydrogenation of C₂H₂ from plasma-driven CH₄ coupling without extra heat: mechanistic insights from micro-kinetic modelling and reactor performance.","authors":"Eduardo Morais, Fabio Cameli, Georgios D Stefanidis, Annemie Bogaerts","doi":"10.1039/d4ey00203b","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d4ey00203b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We study the selective catalytic hydrogenation of C₂H₂, the main product from non-oxidative CH₄ coupling in gas-phase plasmas, to C₂H₄, a cornerstone of the global chemical industry, by experiments and temperature-dependent micro-kinetic modelling. The model is validated against new experimental data from a nanosecond pulsed plasma reactor integrated with a downstream catalytic bed consisting of Pd/Al₂O₃. We explore the effects of varying Pd loadings (0.1, 0.5, and 1 wt%) on the catalyst activity and the C₂H₄/C₂H₆ product distribution. Consistent with the experimental data, our surface micro-kinetic model shows that while higher Pd loadings lower the catalyst activation temperature for C₂H₂ conversion, they also induce over-hydrogenation to C₂H₆ at lower temperatures and increase oligomerisation in the experiments, which are detrimental to the C₂H₄ yield. The model also elucidates reaction mechanisms and pathways across different temperature regimes, expanding our understanding of the hydrogenation process beyond the experimental range. Besides highlighting the importance of optimising the metal loading to balance C₂H₄ and C₂H₆ selectivity, our findings demonstrate the effective implementation of post-plasma catalysis using a simple catalyst bed heated by hot gas from the plasma region. This study opens possibilities for testing different plasma sources, catalysts, gas flow magnitude and patterns, and catalyst bed-to-plasma distances.</p>","PeriodicalId":72877,"journal":{"name":"EES catalysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11775647/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143082465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Origin of photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction on bare Cu(In,Ga)S2 (CIGS) thin films in aqueous media without co-catalysts†","authors":"Rajiv Ramanujam Prabhakar, Sudhanshu Shukla, Haoyi Li, R. Soyoung Kim, Wei Chen, Jérôme Beaudelot, Jan D’Haen, Daniely Reis Santos, Philippe M. Vereecken, Gian-Marco Rignanese, Ethan J. Crumlin, Junko Yano, Bart Vermang and Joel W. Ager","doi":"10.1039/D4EY00233D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EY00233D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Photoelectrochemical (PEC) CO<small>₂</small> reduction (CO<small>₂</small>R) on semiconductors provides a promising route to convert CO<small>₂</small> to fuels and chemicals. However, most semiconductors are not stable under CO<small>₂</small>R conditions in aqueous media and require additional protection layers for long-term durability. To identify materials that would be stable and yield CO<small>₂</small>R products in aqueous conditions, we investigated bare Cu(In,Ga)S<small>₂</small> (CIGS) thin films. We synthesized CIGS thin films by sulfurizing a sputtered Cu–In–Ga metal stack. The as-synthesized CIGS thin films are Cu-deficient and have a high enough bandgap (1.7 eV) suitable to perform CO<small>₂</small>R. The bare CIGS photocathodes had faradaic yields of 14% for HCOO<small>⁻</small> and 30% for CO in 0.1 M KHCO<small>₃</small> electrolyte without the use of any co-catalysts under 1 sun illumination at an applied bias of −0.4 V <em>vs.</em> RHE and operated stably for 80 min. <em>Operando</em> Raman spectroscopy under CO<small>₂</small>R conditions showed that the dominant A<small>₁</small> mode of CIGS was unaffected during operation. Post-mortem X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) analysis suggests that the CO<small>₂</small>R stability could be related to self-protection caused by the <em>in situ</em> formation of oxides/hydroxides of Ga and In during operation. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations also reveal that Ga and In are the preferential sites for the adsorption of CO<small>₂</small>R products, particularly HCOO<small>⁻</small>. These results show that CIGS is a promising semiconductor material for performing direct semiconductor/electrolyte reactions in aqueous media for the PEC CO<small>₂</small>R.</p>","PeriodicalId":72877,"journal":{"name":"EES catalysis","volume":" 2","pages":" 327-336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ey/d4ey00233d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A reversed gas diffusion electrode enables collection of high purity gas products from CO2 electroreduction†","authors":"Bo Wu, Lakshmi Devi Voleti, Aidan Q. Fenwick, Chao Wu, Jiguang Zhang, Ning Ling, Meng Wang, Yuewen Jia, Weng Weei Tjiu, Mingsheng Zhang, Zainul Aabdin, Shibo Xi, Channamallikarjun S. Mathpati, Sui Zhang, Harry A. Atwater, Iftekhar A. Karimi and Yanwei Lum","doi":"10.1039/D4EY00253A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EY00253A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Electrochemical CO<small>₂</small> reduction (CO<small>₂</small>R) in conventional systems typically generates highly diluted product output streams. This necessitates energy intensive and costly product separation, which potentially decreases the feasibility and economic viability of the process. Here, we describe the design and fabrication of a reversed gas diffusion electrode, which makes use of electrolyte pressure to channel products toward a collection chamber. Importantly, this strategy successfully excludes CO<small>₂</small> and permits gas products to be siphoned off at high purity. We further show that the electrolyte pressure and gas diffusion layer pore size are the key factors which govern the product collection efficiency. Using a nanoporous Au catalyst, we showcase the continuous production of high purity syngas over an extended 76 h period, operating at a full-cell energy efficiency of 37%. Importantly, we also demonstrate that this system is oxygen-tolerant, with no parasitic loss of current towards the oxygen reduction reaction even with a 95% CO<small>₂</small> + 5% O<small>₂</small> gas feed. Taken together, our results introduce a new design approach for CO<small>₂</small>R electrolyzer systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":72877,"journal":{"name":"EES catalysis","volume":" 2","pages":" 318-326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ey/d4ey00253a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neighboring effects of single-atom cobalt enable high-performance CO2 photoreduction†","authors":"Wenkai Yan, Yajun Zhang, Guojun Dong and Yingpu Bi","doi":"10.1039/D4EY00274A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EY00274A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Herein, we demonstrate the unique neighboring effect of single-cobalt active sites anchored on BiOCl nanosheets with high CO<small>₂</small> photoreduction performances by combining <em>in situ</em> X-ray photoelectron with <em>in situ</em> infrared spectroscopy. More specifically, single-atom Co sites demonstrate an exceptional electron-enriched feature from adjacent Bi atoms, which facilitates the formation of *CO<small>₂</small>–Co and *H<small>₂</small>O–Bi species, respectively. Under light irradiation, the photoinduced electron transfer from adjacent Bi atoms to single Co active sites is favorable for the formation *COOH and *CO intermediates, accompanied by the oxidation of H<small>₂</small>O molecules into *OH and *OOH species on Bi sites. As a result, these dynamic electronic interactions between single-atom Co and adjacent Bi sites are responsible for a record CO evolution activity of 172.6 μmol g<small>⁻¹</small> h<small>⁻¹</small> under sunlight illumination, which exceeds that of pristine BiOCl by nearly one order of magnitude. These findings provide a fundamental understanding of the intrinsic neighboring effect between single-atom sites and adjacent atoms, which should be crucial and essential for the development of high-performance single-atom catalysts.</p>","PeriodicalId":72877,"journal":{"name":"EES catalysis","volume":" 2","pages":" 268-273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ey/d4ey00274a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated CO2 capture and electrochemical conversion: coupled effects of transport, kinetics and thermodynamics in the direct reduction of captured-CO2 adducts†","authors":"Avishek Banerjee and Carlos G. Morales-Guio","doi":"10.1039/D4EY00285G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EY00285G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Upgrading anthropogenic CO<small>₂</small> from concentrated point sources or directly from the atmosphere is a valuable approach in closing the carbon cycle. Existing processes capture the CO<small>₂</small>, concentrate it into pure gas streams, transport it, and then convert it into fuels and chemicals in a separate process plant. This sequential approach results in higher energy and operating costs which can be reduced by integrating the capture and conversion steps to directly reduce the captured CO<small>₂</small>-bound adduct to value-added products. The direct reduction of the captured CO<small>₂</small>-bound adduct is called the captured-CO<small>₂</small> reduction reaction (c-CO<small>₂</small>RR). Understanding of c-CO<small>₂</small>RR has been obscured by the higher intrinsic complexity of the system. The CO<small>₂</small> capture media is a complex space of several buffer reactions that allow the co-existence of different carbon species in solution depending on CO<small>₂</small> loading, temperature, pressure, and pH. In order to design improved capture agents and catalysts for integrated CO<small>₂</small> capture and conversion, it is essential to identify the carbon source and the primary factors influencing product formation on a c-CO<small>₂</small>RR catalyst. This review delineates the strategies to determine the active carbon species for integrated CO<small>₂</small> capture and conversion systems. Furthermore, it summarizes the fundamental applications of mass transport, thermodynamics, and kinetics across various c-CO<small>₂</small>RR scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":72877,"journal":{"name":"EES catalysis","volume":" 2","pages":" 205-234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ey/d4ey00285g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ammonia synthesis from nitrate reduction by the modulation of a built-in electric field and external stimuli","authors":"Shaoce Zhang, Rong Zhang, Ying Guo and Chunyi Zhi","doi":"10.1039/D4EY00245H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EY00245H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Ammonia (NH<small>₃</small>) is a vital chemical feedstock and a carbon-free energy source. The reduction of nitrate (NO<small>₃</small><small>⁻</small>) from environmental pollutants is a sustainable method for NH<small>₃</small> production compared with the industrially intensive Haber–Bosch method, which can mitigate energy and environmental concerns. However, due to the involvement of multi-electron transfer-proton coupling processes, the NO<small>₃</small><small>⁻</small> reduction reaction (NO<small>₃</small>RR) exhibits sluggish kinetics and significant side reactions. This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent research progress in facilitating NO<small>₃</small>RRs using a built-in electric field and external stimuli. The paper commences by introducing the mechanisms and challenges of the NO<small>₃</small>RR, subsequently focusing on strategies for built-in electric field/external stimuli-assisted catalytic reactions. The internal electric field can be triggered by constructing a Mott–Schottky heterojunction and a semiconductor–semiconductor heterojunction, adjusting the coordination environment of active sites, and regulating the electrical double layer, while the external stimuli include optical, stress, and thermal stimuli. This review focuses on the activation and adsorption processes of reactants and intermediates by a built-in electric field/external stimuli, and their influence on the thermodynamics and kinetics of reactions. Finally, we summarize the strategies for built-in electric field/external stimuli-assisted NO<small>₃</small>RRs, highlight the challenges of achieving high activity and selectivity in NH<small>₃</small> production, and provide clear guidance for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":72877,"journal":{"name":"EES catalysis","volume":" 2","pages":" 235-253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ey/d4ey00245h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}