EES catalysis最新文献

{"title":"Origin of photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction on bare Cu(In,Ga)S2 (CIGS) thin films in aqueous media without co-catalysts†","authors":"Rajiv Ramanujam Prabhakar, Sudhanshu Shukla, Haoyi Li, R. Soyoung Kim, Wei Chen, Jérôme Beaudelot, Jan D’Haen, Daniely Reis Santos, Philippe M. Vereecken, Gian-Marco Rignanese, Ethan J. Crumlin, Junko Yano, Bart Vermang and Joel W. Ager","doi":"10.1039/D4EY00233D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EY00233D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Photoelectrochemical (PEC) CO<small>₂</small> reduction (CO<small>₂</small>R) on semiconductors provides a promising route to convert CO<small>₂</small> to fuels and chemicals. However, most semiconductors are not stable under CO<small>₂</small>R conditions in aqueous media and require additional protection layers for long-term durability. To identify materials that would be stable and yield CO<small>₂</small>R products in aqueous conditions, we investigated bare Cu(In,Ga)S<small>₂</small> (CIGS) thin films. We synthesized CIGS thin films by sulfurizing a sputtered Cu–In–Ga metal stack. The as-synthesized CIGS thin films are Cu-deficient and have a high enough bandgap (1.7 eV) suitable to perform CO<small>₂</small>R. The bare CIGS photocathodes had faradaic yields of 14% for HCOO<small>⁻</small> and 30% for CO in 0.1 M KHCO<small>₃</small> electrolyte without the use of any co-catalysts under 1 sun illumination at an applied bias of −0.4 V <em>vs.</em> RHE and operated stably for 80 min. <em>Operando</em> Raman spectroscopy under CO<small>₂</small>R conditions showed that the dominant A<small>₁</small> mode of CIGS was unaffected during operation. Post-mortem X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) analysis suggests that the CO<small>₂</small>R stability could be related to self-protection caused by the <em>in situ</em> formation of oxides/hydroxides of Ga and In during operation. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations also reveal that Ga and In are the preferential sites for the adsorption of CO<small>₂</small>R products, particularly HCOO<small>⁻</small>. These results show that CIGS is a promising semiconductor material for performing direct semiconductor/electrolyte reactions in aqueous media for the PEC CO<small>₂</small>R.</p>","PeriodicalId":72877,"journal":{"name":"EES catalysis","volume":" 2","pages":" 327-336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ey/d4ey00233d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A reversed gas diffusion electrode enables collection of high purity gas products from CO2 electroreduction†","authors":"Bo Wu, Lakshmi Devi Voleti, Aidan Q. Fenwick, Chao Wu, Jiguang Zhang, Ning Ling, Meng Wang, Yuewen Jia, Weng Weei Tjiu, Mingsheng Zhang, Zainul Aabdin, Shibo Xi, Channamallikarjun S. Mathpati, Sui Zhang, Harry A. Atwater, Iftekhar A. Karimi and Yanwei Lum","doi":"10.1039/D4EY00253A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EY00253A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Electrochemical CO<small>₂</small> reduction (CO<small>₂</small>R) in conventional systems typically generates highly diluted product output streams. This necessitates energy intensive and costly product separation, which potentially decreases the feasibility and economic viability of the process. Here, we describe the design and fabrication of a reversed gas diffusion electrode, which makes use of electrolyte pressure to channel products toward a collection chamber. Importantly, this strategy successfully excludes CO<small>₂</small> and permits gas products to be siphoned off at high purity. We further show that the electrolyte pressure and gas diffusion layer pore size are the key factors which govern the product collection efficiency. Using a nanoporous Au catalyst, we showcase the continuous production of high purity syngas over an extended 76 h period, operating at a full-cell energy efficiency of 37%. Importantly, we also demonstrate that this system is oxygen-tolerant, with no parasitic loss of current towards the oxygen reduction reaction even with a 95% CO<small>₂</small> + 5% O<small>₂</small> gas feed. Taken together, our results introduce a new design approach for CO<small>₂</small>R electrolyzer systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":72877,"journal":{"name":"EES catalysis","volume":" 2","pages":" 318-326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ey/d4ey00253a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neighboring effects of single-atom cobalt enable high-performance CO2 photoreduction†","authors":"Wenkai Yan, Yajun Zhang, Guojun Dong and Yingpu Bi","doi":"10.1039/D4EY00274A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EY00274A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Herein, we demonstrate the unique neighboring effect of single-cobalt active sites anchored on BiOCl nanosheets with high CO<small>₂</small> photoreduction performances by combining <em>in situ</em> X-ray photoelectron with <em>in situ</em> infrared spectroscopy. More specifically, single-atom Co sites demonstrate an exceptional electron-enriched feature from adjacent Bi atoms, which facilitates the formation of *CO<small>₂</small>–Co and *H<small>₂</small>O–Bi species, respectively. Under light irradiation, the photoinduced electron transfer from adjacent Bi atoms to single Co active sites is favorable for the formation *COOH and *CO intermediates, accompanied by the oxidation of H<small>₂</small>O molecules into *OH and *OOH species on Bi sites. As a result, these dynamic electronic interactions between single-atom Co and adjacent Bi sites are responsible for a record CO evolution activity of 172.6 μmol g<small>⁻¹</small> h<small>⁻¹</small> under sunlight illumination, which exceeds that of pristine BiOCl by nearly one order of magnitude. These findings provide a fundamental understanding of the intrinsic neighboring effect between single-atom sites and adjacent atoms, which should be crucial and essential for the development of high-performance single-atom catalysts.</p>","PeriodicalId":72877,"journal":{"name":"EES catalysis","volume":" 2","pages":" 268-273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ey/d4ey00274a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-performance and stable NH3 production using a TiO2-protected Si photocathode and patterned Au loading†","authors":"Ahmad Tayyebi, Jeong Juyeon, Mahsa Haddadi Moghaddam, Mohammad Zafari, Hyun-ju Go, Dukhyung Lee, Meysam Tayebi, Hwa-Young Yang, Changhwan Shin, Maria del Carmen Gimenez-Lopez, Geunsik Lee, Dai Sik Kim and Ji-Wook Jang","doi":"10.1039/D4EY00282B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EY00282B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Crystalline silicon (c-Si) is a promising material for photoelectrochemical (PEC) ammonia (NH<small>₃</small>) production from nitrate (NO<small>₃</small><small>⁻</small>) reduction owing to its appropriate band gap and optimal charge-transport properties. However, c-Si is not stable in aqueous solutions, causing the detachment of catalysts from the c-Si photoelectrode and resulting in a dramatic decrease in the performance. Furthermore, electrocatalysts on c-Si block light, therby reducing the PEC NH<small>₃</small>-production efficiency. Herein, we stabilized and increased the efficiency of the c-Si photocathode by TiO<small>₂</small> deposition and loaded an optimized amount of Au using an e-beam patterning, respectively. We found that TiO<small>₂</small> not only protects the c-Si photoelectrode from the electrolyte but also promotes strong bonding between Au and the c-Si photoelectrode. Notably, TiO<small>₂</small> showed a synergistic effect with the Au electrocatalyst in increasing the faradaic efficiency (FE) of NO<small>₃</small><small>⁻</small> reduction for NH<small>₃</small> production, which was further confirmed by density functional theory calculations. Overall, the Au-loaded TiO<small>₂</small>-protected c-Si photoelectrode showed a stable and record-high NH<small>₃</small>-production rate of 1590 ± 40 μg<small>_{NH<small>₃</small>}</small> cm<small>⁻²</small> h<small>⁻¹</small> with an FE of 83.4% ± 5.6% at −0.35 V <em>vs.</em> the reversible hydrogen electrode.</p>","PeriodicalId":72877,"journal":{"name":"EES catalysis","volume":" 3","pages":" 446-458"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ey/d4ey00282b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143925356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated CO2 capture and electrochemical conversion: coupled effects of transport, kinetics and thermodynamics in the direct reduction of captured-CO2 adducts†","authors":"Avishek Banerjee and Carlos G. Morales-Guio","doi":"10.1039/D4EY00285G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EY00285G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Upgrading anthropogenic CO<small>₂</small> from concentrated point sources or directly from the atmosphere is a valuable approach in closing the carbon cycle. Existing processes capture the CO<small>₂</small>, concentrate it into pure gas streams, transport it, and then convert it into fuels and chemicals in a separate process plant. This sequential approach results in higher energy and operating costs which can be reduced by integrating the capture and conversion steps to directly reduce the captured CO<small>₂</small>-bound adduct to value-added products. The direct reduction of the captured CO<small>₂</small>-bound adduct is called the captured-CO<small>₂</small> reduction reaction (c-CO<small>₂</small>RR). Understanding of c-CO<small>₂</small>RR has been obscured by the higher intrinsic complexity of the system. The CO<small>₂</small> capture media is a complex space of several buffer reactions that allow the co-existence of different carbon species in solution depending on CO<small>₂</small> loading, temperature, pressure, and pH. In order to design improved capture agents and catalysts for integrated CO<small>₂</small> capture and conversion, it is essential to identify the carbon source and the primary factors influencing product formation on a c-CO<small>₂</small>RR catalyst. This review delineates the strategies to determine the active carbon species for integrated CO<small>₂</small> capture and conversion systems. Furthermore, it summarizes the fundamental applications of mass transport, thermodynamics, and kinetics across various c-CO<small>₂</small>RR scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":72877,"journal":{"name":"EES catalysis","volume":" 2","pages":" 205-234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ey/d4ey00285g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ammonia synthesis from nitrate reduction by the modulation of a built-in electric field and external stimuli","authors":"Shaoce Zhang, Rong Zhang, Ying Guo and Chunyi Zhi","doi":"10.1039/D4EY00245H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EY00245H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Ammonia (NH<small>₃</small>) is a vital chemical feedstock and a carbon-free energy source. The reduction of nitrate (NO<small>₃</small><small>⁻</small>) from environmental pollutants is a sustainable method for NH<small>₃</small> production compared with the industrially intensive Haber–Bosch method, which can mitigate energy and environmental concerns. However, due to the involvement of multi-electron transfer-proton coupling processes, the NO<small>₃</small><small>⁻</small> reduction reaction (NO<small>₃</small>RR) exhibits sluggish kinetics and significant side reactions. This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent research progress in facilitating NO<small>₃</small>RRs using a built-in electric field and external stimuli. The paper commences by introducing the mechanisms and challenges of the NO<small>₃</small>RR, subsequently focusing on strategies for built-in electric field/external stimuli-assisted catalytic reactions. The internal electric field can be triggered by constructing a Mott–Schottky heterojunction and a semiconductor–semiconductor heterojunction, adjusting the coordination environment of active sites, and regulating the electrical double layer, while the external stimuli include optical, stress, and thermal stimuli. This review focuses on the activation and adsorption processes of reactants and intermediates by a built-in electric field/external stimuli, and their influence on the thermodynamics and kinetics of reactions. Finally, we summarize the strategies for built-in electric field/external stimuli-assisted NO<small>₃</small>RRs, highlight the challenges of achieving high activity and selectivity in NH<small>₃</small> production, and provide clear guidance for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":72877,"journal":{"name":"EES catalysis","volume":" 2","pages":" 235-253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ey/d4ey00245h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In situ hydrogen production in all-level-humidity air: integrating atmospheric water harvesting with photocatalysis†","authors":"Xueli Yan, Li Tian, Fei Xue, Jie Huang, Rui Zhao, Xiangjiu Guan, Jinwen Shi, Wenshuai Chen and Maochang Liu","doi":"10.1039/D4EY00258J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EY00258J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >H<small>₂</small> production from air holds great promise as a sustainable method for green energy harvesting. However, its widespread adoption faces challenges in realizing mobile, distributed, community-managed, off-grid <em>in situ</em> H<small>₂</small> production systems. Here, we report a bilayer nanofibrillated cellulose composite gel incorporating lithium chloride hygroscopic salt and a supported SrTiO<small>₃</small>:Al photocatalyst (denoted as NLS), designed specifically for <em>in situ</em> photocatalytic splitting of atmospheric water to produce H<small>₂</small>, using only naturally occurring moisture and sunlight. The NLS gel features a self-supply of atmospheric water, spectral splitting for efficient solar energy delivery and complementary utilization, instantaneous H<small>₂</small> evolution, and stable catalyst immobilization. As a result, the NLS bilayer gel successfully achieves <em>in situ</em> H<small>₂</small> production in full-range-humidity environments, demonstrating a hygroscopicity of 4.26 g<small>_{H<small>₂</small>O}</small> g<small>_sorbent</small><small>⁻¹</small> and an H<small>₂</small> production activity of 65.45 μmol h<small>⁻¹</small> in a 90% relative humidity environment, achieving a solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of up to 0.3%. This work represents a promising step towards realizing <em>in situ</em> H<small>₂</small> production from air across varying humidity levels, independent of geographical constraints.</p>","PeriodicalId":72877,"journal":{"name":"EES catalysis","volume":" 2","pages":" 297-304"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ey/d4ey00258j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heating dictates the scalability of CO2 electrolyzer types†","authors":"Jan-Willem Hurkmans, Henri M. Pelzer, Tom Burdyny, Jurriaan Peeters and David A. Vermaas","doi":"10.1039/D4EY00190G","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EY00190G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Electrochemical CO<small>₂</small> reduction offers a promising method of converting renewable electrical energy into valuable hydrocarbon compounds vital to hard-to-abate sectors. Significant progress has been made on the lab scale, but scale-up demonstrations remain limited. Because of the low energy efficiency of CO<small>₂</small> reduction, we suspect that significant thermal gradients may develop in industrially relevant dimensions. We describe here a model prediction for non-isothermal behavior beyond the typical 1D models to illustrate the severity of heating at larger scales. We develop a 2D model for two membrane electrode assembly (MEA) CO<small>₂</small> electrolyzers; a liquid anolyte fed MEA (exchange MEA) and a fully gas fed configuration (full MEA). Our results indicate that full MEA configurations exhibit very poor electrochemical performance at moderately larger scales due to non-isothermal effects. Heating results in severe membrane dehydration, which induces large Ohmic losses in the membrane, resulting in a sharp decline in the current density along the flow direction. In contrast, the anolyte employed in the exchange MEA configuration is effective in preventing large thermal gradients. Membrane dehydration is not a problem for the exchange MEA configuration, leading to a nearly constant current density over the entire length of the modeled domain, and indicating that exchange MEA configurations are well suited for scale-up. Our results additionally indicate that a balance between faster kinetics, higher ionic conductivity, smaller pH gradients and lower CO<small>₂</small> solubility causes an optimum operating temperature between 60 and 70 °C.</p>","PeriodicalId":72877,"journal":{"name":"EES catalysis","volume":" 2","pages":" 305-317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11721209/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142973594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying the prospect of a visible-light-absorbing oxysulfide photocatalyst by probing transient absorption and photoluminescence†","authors":"Ryota Shoji, Vikas Nandal, Kazuhiko Seki, Xiaoping Tao, Akihiro Furube, Takashi Hisatomi, Hiroaki Yoshida, Tsuyoshi Takata, Masanori Kaneko, Koichi Yamashita, Kazunari Domen and Hiroyuki Matsuzaki","doi":"10.1039/D4EY00187G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EY00187G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Photocatalytic water splitting is an emerging renewable technology for producing green hydrogen fuel from sunlight and water on a large scale. Identifying charge-carrier transport properties is critical for establishing a design pathway for exciting visible-light-absorbing oxysulfide-based photocatalysts. Herein, the dynamics of distinct charge carriers in the Gd<small>₂</small>Ti<small>₂</small>O<small>₅</small>S<small>₂</small> (GTOS) photocatalyst is revealed by transient optical spectroscopies (transient diffuse reflectance (TDR) and transient photoluminescence (TPL) spectroscopies) and theoretical modeling. We demonstrate that TDR and TPL signals can probe the evolution of photoexcited mobile electrons and holes separately for GTOS. The decay of optical signals primarily originates from bimolecular recombination of mobile electrons with detrapped holes from shallow trap states close to the valence band. Using different estimated parameters, the effects of the size reduction and charge carrier extraction rate <em>k</em><small>_e</small> (surface to electrolyte) on the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) are determined. Our results indicate that the IQE can be tremendously improved by simultaneously reducing particle size and increasing <em>k</em><small>_e</small>. After particle size reduction, we show that the high apparent quantum yield (∼30%) GTOS was achieved by improving <em>k</em><small>_e</small> (from surface treatment and optimizing the cocatalyst loading method) as compared to Y<small>₂</small>Ti<small>₂</small>O<small>₅</small>S<small>₂</small> (0.7%). Our work presents a comprehensive methodology that identifies the critical photophysical properties of visible-light-absorbing photocatalysts for efficient and scalable particulate photocatalyst-based solar water splitting systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":72877,"journal":{"name":"EES catalysis","volume":" 2","pages":" 274-285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ey/d4ey00187g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating oxophilic and protophilic properties in a multivalent Co9S8@CoMoPx electrode to boost alkaline hydrogen evolution†","authors":"Xijie Chen, Fengming Zhang, Xiao Wang, Fangming Liu, Jinhan Li, Meng Yu and Fangyi Cheng","doi":"10.1039/D4EY00252K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EY00252K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is plagued by intricate interfacial reactions involving the dissociation of interfacial H<small>₂</small>O molecules and adsorption/desorption of H<small>_ads</small>/OH<small>_ads</small> species, which impede the practical application of water electrolysis. Herein, a self-supported Co<small>₉</small>S<small>₈</small>@CoMoP<small>_<em>x</em></small> electrode with a nanosheet cluster morphology was developed using a stepwise electrodeposition method for an efficient electrocatalytic HER. Benefiting from the coexistence of multivalent metal sites, the Co<small>₉</small>S<small>₈</small>@CoMoP<small>_<em>x</em></small> electrode integrated both oxophilic and protophilic properties to facilitate the cracking of molecular H<small>₂</small>O and subsequent hydrogen generation. As a result, the obtained Co<small>₉</small>S<small>₈</small>@CoMoP<small>_<em>x</em></small> electrode exhibited superior alkaline HER activities, delivering an overpotential of 226 mV at −500 mA cm<small>⁻²</small> with a low attenuation rate of 11 μV h<small>⁻¹</small> after 1000 h. An anion-exchange membrane water electrolysis device was then assembled by matching the Co<small>₉</small>S<small>₈</small>@CoMoP<small>_<em>x</em></small> cathode with an NiFe-based anode to demonstrate its industrial application potential. This work emphasizes the significance of constructing multivalent metal sites to simultaneously achieve oxophilicity and protophilicity, providing a guideline for the rational design of heterostructure electrocatalysts for efficient energy conversion.</p>","PeriodicalId":72877,"journal":{"name":"EES catalysis","volume":" 2","pages":" 259-267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ey/d4ey00252k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}