Advanced Therapeutics最新文献

{"title":"Graphene-Based Nanomaterials in Immunotoxicological Evaluation: Insights Into Macrophage Polarization, Tissue Engineering, and Biomedical Applications","authors":"Bhimankshi R. Wakde,&nbsp;Bhagyashri N. Nehete,&nbsp;Dilip L. Pawara,&nbsp;Anup A. Telgote,&nbsp;Rahul S. Tade","doi":"10.1002/adtp.202500562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adtp.202500562","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) have emerged as promising platforms for biomedical applications, yet their clinical translation is largely governed by interactions with the immune system. Among immune cells, macrophages act as key regulators of the biological fate of GBNs through polarization toward pro-inflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes. This polarization is strongly influenced by the physicochemical properties of GBNs, including structural characteristics and surface chemistry, and directly impacts nanomaterial clearance, biodistribution, immunotoxicity, and therapeutic efficacy. This review synthesizes recent studies examining how GBN properties dictate macrophage polarization and the resulting immunological outcomes. Evidence from in vitro and in vivo investigations demonstrates that controlled macrophage responses can support beneficial effects such as tissue repair and cancer immunotherapy, whereas inappropriate activation may lead to oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, and adverse immune reactions. These findings highlight the dual role of macrophage polarization in mediating both therapeutic potential and immunotoxicity risk. We emphasize the need for standardized immunological assays and rational design strategies to predict and modulate macrophage responses to GBNs. A clearer understanding of the relationship between GBN physicochemical properties and macrophage polarization is essential for minimizing immunotoxicity while enabling safe and effective therapeutic applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7284,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Therapeutics","volume":"9 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147565812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graphene-Based Nanomaterials in Immunotoxicological Evaluation: Insights Into Macrophage Polarization, Tissue Engineering, and Biomedical Applications","authors":"Bhimankshi R. Wakde,&nbsp;Bhagyashri N. Nehete,&nbsp;Dilip L. Pawara,&nbsp;Anup A. Telgote,&nbsp;Rahul S. Tade","doi":"10.1002/adtp.202500562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adtp.202500562","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) have emerged as promising platforms for biomedical applications, yet their clinical translation is largely governed by interactions with the immune system. Among immune cells, macrophages act as key regulators of the biological fate of GBNs through polarization toward pro-inflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes. This polarization is strongly influenced by the physicochemical properties of GBNs, including structural characteristics and surface chemistry, and directly impacts nanomaterial clearance, biodistribution, immunotoxicity, and therapeutic efficacy. This review synthesizes recent studies examining how GBN properties dictate macrophage polarization and the resulting immunological outcomes. Evidence from in vitro and in vivo investigations demonstrates that controlled macrophage responses can support beneficial effects such as tissue repair and cancer immunotherapy, whereas inappropriate activation may lead to oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, and adverse immune reactions. These findings highlight the dual role of macrophage polarization in mediating both therapeutic potential and immunotoxicity risk. We emphasize the need for standardized immunological assays and rational design strategies to predict and modulate macrophage responses to GBNs. A clearer understanding of the relationship between GBN physicochemical properties and macrophage polarization is essential for minimizing immunotoxicity while enabling safe and effective therapeutic applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7284,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Therapeutics","volume":"9 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147565813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graphene-Based Nanomaterials in Immunotoxicological Evaluation: Insights Into Macrophage Polarization, Tissue Engineering, and Biomedical Applications","authors":"Bhimankshi R. Wakde,&nbsp;Bhagyashri N. Nehete,&nbsp;Dilip L. Pawara,&nbsp;Anup A. Telgote,&nbsp;Rahul S. Tade","doi":"10.1002/adtp.202500562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adtp.202500562","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) have emerged as promising platforms for biomedical applications, yet their clinical translation is largely governed by interactions with the immune system. Among immune cells, macrophages act as key regulators of the biological fate of GBNs through polarization toward pro-inflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes. This polarization is strongly influenced by the physicochemical properties of GBNs, including structural characteristics and surface chemistry, and directly impacts nanomaterial clearance, biodistribution, immunotoxicity, and therapeutic efficacy. This review synthesizes recent studies examining how GBN properties dictate macrophage polarization and the resulting immunological outcomes. Evidence from in vitro and in vivo investigations demonstrates that controlled macrophage responses can support beneficial effects such as tissue repair and cancer immunotherapy, whereas inappropriate activation may lead to oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, and adverse immune reactions. These findings highlight the dual role of macrophage polarization in mediating both therapeutic potential and immunotoxicity risk. We emphasize the need for standardized immunological assays and rational design strategies to predict and modulate macrophage responses to GBNs. A clearer understanding of the relationship between GBN physicochemical properties and macrophage polarization is essential for minimizing immunotoxicity while enabling safe and effective therapeutic applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7284,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Therapeutics","volume":"9 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147565997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smart Wearable Ozone Therapy System for Managing Multidrug-Resistant Wound Infections","authors":"Akshay Krishnakumar,&nbsp;Alexander Roth,&nbsp;Praveen Srinivasan,&nbsp;Muhammad Masud Rana,&nbsp;Nicholas L. F. Gallina,&nbsp;Devendra Sarnaik,&nbsp;Robyn R. McCain,&nbsp;Abigail D. Cox,&nbsp;Mohamed N. Seleem,&nbsp;Arun K. Bhunia,&nbsp;Rahim Rahimi","doi":"10.1002/adtp.202500541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adtp.202500541","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections represent a critical challenge in wound care, leading to treatment failure, prolonged healing, and increased morbidity and mortality worldwide. Among MDR pathogens, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> is particularly problematic due to its adaptive resistance mechanisms, underscoring the urgent need for alternative, non-antibiotic therapeutic strategies. Ozone has demonstrated potent antimicrobial efficacy while promoting wound healing and exhibiting a low propensity for resistance development; however, conventional ozone delivery systems are bulky, poorly suited for ambulatory use, and pose risks of environmental leakage and unintended exposure. To address these limitations, we have developed a smart wearable ozone therapy system capable of precise, localized ozone delivery directly to the wound bed. The platform integrates on-demand ozone generation, real-time sensing, and controlled air circulation within a compact, reusable unit, coupled to a disposable wound interface patch via double-lumen tubing. Embedded sensors continuously regulate ozone concentrations within therapeutic windows while detecting leakage and triggering automatic shutdown to ensure patient and environmental safety. System characterization demonstrated that localized low-level ozone exposure (75 ppm), when combined with Vancomycin (400 µg·mL⁻¹), eradicated planktonic bacterial cultures to undetectable levels within 4 h while maintaining minimal cytotoxicity toward mammalian cells. For the first time, this fully integrated wearable platform was validated in a <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa–</i>infected porcine wound model, achieving approximately 90% bacterial reduction after four consecutive daily 6 h treatments and accelerating wound closure by nearly threefold compared with silver dressings or topical antibiotic treatment alone. These results establish a safe, effective, and translationally viable wearable ozone therapy system for the management of MDR-infected wounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":7284,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Therapeutics","volume":"9 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adtp.202500541","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147564531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smart Wearable Ozone Therapy System for Managing Multidrug-Resistant Wound Infections","authors":"Akshay Krishnakumar,&nbsp;Alexander Roth,&nbsp;Praveen Srinivasan,&nbsp;Muhammad Masud Rana,&nbsp;Nicholas L. F. Gallina,&nbsp;Devendra Sarnaik,&nbsp;Robyn R. McCain,&nbsp;Abigail D. Cox,&nbsp;Mohamed N. Seleem,&nbsp;Arun K. Bhunia,&nbsp;Rahim Rahimi","doi":"10.1002/adtp.202500541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adtp.202500541","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections represent a critical challenge in wound care, leading to treatment failure, prolonged healing, and increased morbidity and mortality worldwide. Among MDR pathogens, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> is particularly problematic due to its adaptive resistance mechanisms, underscoring the urgent need for alternative, non-antibiotic therapeutic strategies. Ozone has demonstrated potent antimicrobial efficacy while promoting wound healing and exhibiting a low propensity for resistance development; however, conventional ozone delivery systems are bulky, poorly suited for ambulatory use, and pose risks of environmental leakage and unintended exposure. To address these limitations, we have developed a smart wearable ozone therapy system capable of precise, localized ozone delivery directly to the wound bed. The platform integrates on-demand ozone generation, real-time sensing, and controlled air circulation within a compact, reusable unit, coupled to a disposable wound interface patch via double-lumen tubing. Embedded sensors continuously regulate ozone concentrations within therapeutic windows while detecting leakage and triggering automatic shutdown to ensure patient and environmental safety. System characterization demonstrated that localized low-level ozone exposure (75 ppm), when combined with Vancomycin (400 µg·mL⁻¹), eradicated planktonic bacterial cultures to undetectable levels within 4 h while maintaining minimal cytotoxicity toward mammalian cells. For the first time, this fully integrated wearable platform was validated in a <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa–</i>infected porcine wound model, achieving approximately 90% bacterial reduction after four consecutive daily 6 h treatments and accelerating wound closure by nearly threefold compared with silver dressings or topical antibiotic treatment alone. These results establish a safe, effective, and translationally viable wearable ozone therapy system for the management of MDR-infected wounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":7284,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Therapeutics","volume":"9 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adtp.202500541","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147564536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smart Wearable Ozone Therapy System for Managing Multidrug-Resistant Wound Infections","authors":"Akshay Krishnakumar,&nbsp;Alexander Roth,&nbsp;Praveen Srinivasan,&nbsp;Muhammad Masud Rana,&nbsp;Nicholas L. F. Gallina,&nbsp;Devendra Sarnaik,&nbsp;Robyn R. McCain,&nbsp;Abigail D. Cox,&nbsp;Mohamed N. Seleem,&nbsp;Arun K. Bhunia,&nbsp;Rahim Rahimi","doi":"10.1002/adtp.202500541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adtp.202500541","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections represent a critical challenge in wound care, leading to treatment failure, prolonged healing, and increased morbidity and mortality worldwide. Among MDR pathogens, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> is particularly problematic due to its adaptive resistance mechanisms, underscoring the urgent need for alternative, non-antibiotic therapeutic strategies. Ozone has demonstrated potent antimicrobial efficacy while promoting wound healing and exhibiting a low propensity for resistance development; however, conventional ozone delivery systems are bulky, poorly suited for ambulatory use, and pose risks of environmental leakage and unintended exposure. To address these limitations, we have developed a smart wearable ozone therapy system capable of precise, localized ozone delivery directly to the wound bed. The platform integrates on-demand ozone generation, real-time sensing, and controlled air circulation within a compact, reusable unit, coupled to a disposable wound interface patch via double-lumen tubing. Embedded sensors continuously regulate ozone concentrations within therapeutic windows while detecting leakage and triggering automatic shutdown to ensure patient and environmental safety. System characterization demonstrated that localized low-level ozone exposure (75 ppm), when combined with Vancomycin (400 µg·mL⁻¹), eradicated planktonic bacterial cultures to undetectable levels within 4 h while maintaining minimal cytotoxicity toward mammalian cells. For the first time, this fully integrated wearable platform was validated in a <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa–</i>infected porcine wound model, achieving approximately 90% bacterial reduction after four consecutive daily 6 h treatments and accelerating wound closure by nearly threefold compared with silver dressings or topical antibiotic treatment alone. These results establish a safe, effective, and translationally viable wearable ozone therapy system for the management of MDR-infected wounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":7284,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Therapeutics","volume":"9 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adtp.202500541","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147564635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Auditory Neuropathy: Challenges and Significant Progress in Diagnosis and Treatment","authors":"Wen Xie,&nbsp;Ling Lu,&nbsp;Busheng Tong,&nbsp;Lian Fang,&nbsp;Qingqing Dai,&nbsp;Xiaowan Chen,&nbsp;Jieyu Qi,&nbsp;Xiaoyun Qian,&nbsp;Xia Gao,&nbsp;Renjie Chai,&nbsp;Jun Yang,&nbsp;Maoli Duan","doi":"10.1002/adtp.202500513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adtp.202500513","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Auditory neuropathy (AN) is a complex disorder where sensorineural hearing impairment occurs due to abnormal neural encoding to sound stimuli. This can be caused by damage to sensory inner hair cells (IHCs)-presynapse, IHC ribbon synapses, or spiral ganglion neurons via post-synapse. Genetic factors play a significant role in AN. Audiological assessment such as otoacoustic emissions, auditory brainstem responses, and speech audiometry is crucial in diagnosing auditory neuropathy. Hearing aids and cochlear implants are currently commonly used methods for interventing AN. Owing to the intricate nature of the disease's pathogenesis, a standardized diagnostic approach has yet to be established, and therapeutic options remain significantly constrained. However, it is noteworthy that breakthrough progress has been made in the treatment of AN. In 2024, Chinese researchers used adeno-associated virus gene therapy for AN patients with OTOF gene mutations, and achieved exceptionally good results in clinical trials. This review focuses on auditory neuropathy, covering its theoretical foundations, epidemiology, diagnostic techniques, treatment strategies, clinical practice, as well as future directions and controversie.</p>","PeriodicalId":7284,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Therapeutics","volume":"9 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adtp.202500513","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147569800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Auditory Neuropathy: Challenges and Significant Progress in Diagnosis and Treatment","authors":"Wen Xie,&nbsp;Ling Lu,&nbsp;Busheng Tong,&nbsp;Lian Fang,&nbsp;Qingqing Dai,&nbsp;Xiaowan Chen,&nbsp;Jieyu Qi,&nbsp;Xiaoyun Qian,&nbsp;Xia Gao,&nbsp;Renjie Chai,&nbsp;Jun Yang,&nbsp;Maoli Duan","doi":"10.1002/adtp.202500513","DOIUrl":"10.1002/adtp.202500513","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Auditory neuropathy (AN) is a complex disorder where sensorineural hearing impairment occurs due to abnormal neural encoding to sound stimuli. This can be caused by damage to sensory inner hair cells (IHCs)-presynapse, IHC ribbon synapses, or spiral ganglion neurons via post-synapse. Genetic factors play a significant role in AN. Audiological assessment such as otoacoustic emissions, auditory brainstem responses, and speech audiometry is crucial in diagnosing auditory neuropathy. Hearing aids and cochlear implants are currently commonly used methods for interventing AN. Owing to the intricate nature of the disease's pathogenesis, a standardized diagnostic approach has yet to be established, and therapeutic options remain significantly constrained. However, it is noteworthy that breakthrough progress has been made in the treatment of AN. In 2024, Chinese researchers used adeno-associated virus gene therapy for AN patients with OTOF gene mutations, and achieved exceptionally good results in clinical trials. This review focuses on auditory neuropathy, covering its theoretical foundations, epidemiology, diagnostic techniques, treatment strategies, clinical practice, as well as future directions and controversie.</p>","PeriodicalId":7284,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Therapeutics","volume":"9 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adtp.202500513","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147570186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Auditory Neuropathy: Challenges and Significant Progress in Diagnosis and Treatment","authors":"Wen Xie,&nbsp;Ling Lu,&nbsp;Busheng Tong,&nbsp;Lian Fang,&nbsp;Qingqing Dai,&nbsp;Xiaowan Chen,&nbsp;Jieyu Qi,&nbsp;Xiaoyun Qian,&nbsp;Xia Gao,&nbsp;Renjie Chai,&nbsp;Jun Yang,&nbsp;Maoli Duan","doi":"10.1002/adtp.202500513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adtp.202500513","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Auditory neuropathy (AN) is a complex disorder where sensorineural hearing impairment occurs due to abnormal neural encoding to sound stimuli. This can be caused by damage to sensory inner hair cells (IHCs)-presynapse, IHC ribbon synapses, or spiral ganglion neurons via post-synapse. Genetic factors play a significant role in AN. Audiological assessment such as otoacoustic emissions, auditory brainstem responses, and speech audiometry is crucial in diagnosing auditory neuropathy. Hearing aids and cochlear implants are currently commonly used methods for interventing AN. Owing to the intricate nature of the disease's pathogenesis, a standardized diagnostic approach has yet to be established, and therapeutic options remain significantly constrained. However, it is noteworthy that breakthrough progress has been made in the treatment of AN. In 2024, Chinese researchers used adeno-associated virus gene therapy for AN patients with OTOF gene mutations, and achieved exceptionally good results in clinical trials. This review focuses on auditory neuropathy, covering its theoretical foundations, epidemiology, diagnostic techniques, treatment strategies, clinical practice, as well as future directions and controversie.</p>","PeriodicalId":7284,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Therapeutics","volume":"9 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adtp.202500513","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147570200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information (Adv. Therap. 3/2026)","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/adtp.70136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adtp.70136","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7284,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Therapeutics","volume":"9 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adtp.70136","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147568565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}