Drug and alcohol dependence reports最新文献

{"title":"Simultaneous use of alcohol and cannabis and attenuated age-related declines in alcohol and cannabis use disorder symptoms across young adulthood","authors":"Scott Graupensperger ,&nbsp;Brian H. Calhoun ,&nbsp;Anne M. Fairlie ,&nbsp;Katherine Walukevich-Dienst ,&nbsp;Megan E. Patrick ,&nbsp;Christine M. Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100252","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Most young adults naturally mature out of high-risk substance use patterns, but it is important to identify factors that may impede normative declines. Use of alcohol and cannabis simultaneously (i.e., simultaneous alcohol and marijuana/cannabis [SAM]) is cross-sectionally associated with alcohol and cannabis concerns, and SAM use increases acute risks at the daily level. However, less is known about long-term risks of SAM use and, specifically, how SAM use relates to maturing out of alcohol and cannabis use. Using four consecutive years of survey data from young adults who reported SAM use (<em>N</em>=409; 1636 responses; aged 18–25 at baseline), we first estimated age-related changes in symptoms of alcohol and cannabis use disorder (AUD/CUD) using multilevel growth modeling. Findings supported a maturing out process, as both AUD and CUD symptom severity significantly declined across young adulthood, on average (4 % and 5 % per year respectively, with significant acceleration). Cross-level interactions tested whether participants’ mean SAM use frequency across all four timepoints moderated age-related trajectories in AUD/CUD symptom severity. Significant interactions indicated that, relative to less-frequent SAM use, participants with more frequent SAM use showed less steep declines in AUD (1 % decrease per year vs. 6 % per year) and CUD symptoms (0 % decrease per year vs. 7 % per year); thus, SAM frequency was associated with slower/delayed maturing out of hazardous alcohol and cannabis use. Findings highlight that SAM use may be a correlate or risk-factor for prolonged high-risk substance use during young adulthood that relates to deviations from maturing out processes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772724624000362/pdfft?md5=0d9e754725c5055fd3fb6bfcba2564ab&pid=1-s2.0-S2772724624000362-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141541882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric evaluation of the Self-Report Habit Index for assessing habitual e-cigarette use behavior in high school adolescents","authors":"Meghan E. Morean ,&nbsp;Danielle R. Davis ,&nbsp;Grace Kong ,&nbsp;Krysten W. Bold ,&nbsp;Amelia Talley ,&nbsp;Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>E-cigarettes are the most-used nicotine product among adolescents, but limited psychometrically-sound, e-cigarette-relevant measures exist for adolescents. We examined psychometric properties of the Self-Report Habit Index (SRHI) for assessing adolescents’ habitual e-cigarette use.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>During Fall 2022, 4855 students from eight Connecticut high schools completed an anonymous survey. The analytic sample comprised 491 students who reported past-month e-cigarette use and completed the SRHI (Age M=15.94, SD=1.24 years, 56 % female, 37.1 % Hispanic, 57.6 % White). We examined the SRHI’s latent factor structure; internal reliability; measurement invariance and between-groups differences (e.g., nicotine vs. nicotine-free vaping); and associations with total e-cigarette flavors used in the past month, past-30-day vaping frequency, and e-cigarette dependence.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The SRHI’s 6-item, 1-factor structure was confirmed. Internal reliability was excellent. The SRHI was scalar invariant for all subgroups tested. Nicotine (vs. nicotine-free) and daily (vs. non-daily) e-cigarette use were associated with greater habitual e-cigarette use behavior. In adjusted models, habitual e-cigarette use was associated with using more e-cigarette flavors, vaping more frequently, and greater e-cigarette dependence. Habitual e-cigarette use incrementally accounted for variance in past-month flavors used and vaping frequency beyond dependence.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The SRHI evidenced solid psychometric properties for assessing habitual e-cigarette use behavior among high school students. Relationships between habitual use and frequency of use, e-cigarette flavors, and dependence might be expected as these constructs are associated with the three characterizing features of habitual behaviors: frequent repetition, cue-driven elicitation, and automaticity. Future prospective research can clarify the temporal ordering of habitual e-cigarette use and dependence in adolescents.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772724624000350/pdfft?md5=e94573654c3222cd8f467d5f5cb93bec&pid=1-s2.0-S2772724624000350-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141483529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of and trends in current cannabis use among US youth and adults, 2013–2022","authors":"Delvon T. Mattingly ,&nbsp;Maggie K. Richardson ,&nbsp;Joy L. Hart","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100253","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Cannabis use is increasing due to several factors including the adoption of laws legalizing its use across the United States (US). We examined changes in current cannabis use among US youth and adults and by key sociodemographic groups.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Using data from the 2013–2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (n=543,195), we estimated the prevalence of (2013–2019, 2020, 2021–2022) and trends in (2013–2019, 2021–2022) current (i.e., past 30-day) cannabis use among US youth (aged 12–17) and adults (aged 18+) overall and by age, gender, race and ethnicity, educational attainment, and total annual family income. We also examined sociodemographic factors associated with use from 2013 to 2019, in 2020, and from 2021 to 2022.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Cannabis use increased from 7.59 % to 11.48 % in 2013–2019, was 11.54 % in 2020, and increased again from 13.13 % to 15.11 % in 2021–2022. Among youth, cannabis use remained constant from 2013 to 2019 and 2021–2022. In 2022, use was highest among aged 18–34, male, non-Hispanic multiracial, and generally lower SES adults. From 2021–2022, cannabis use increased among several groups such as adults who were aged 35–49 (14.25–17.23 %), female (11.21–13.00 %), and Hispanic (10.42–13.50 %). Adults who were aged 18–25, male, non-Hispanic multiracial, some college educated, and of lower annual family income had consistently higher odds of current cannabis use from 2013 to 2019, in 2020, and from 2021 to 2022.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Cannabis use is increasing overall and among certain sociodemographic groups. Our findings inform prevention and harm reduction efforts aimed at mitigating the prevalence of cannabis use in the US.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772724624000374/pdfft?md5=b59ea96d246fd01a366cf4db70ee5259&pid=1-s2.0-S2772724624000374-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141541883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the accuracy of substance use disorder treatment search tools: A cross-sectional analysis of national and state-level directories","authors":"Sean R. Riley ,&nbsp;Leslie P.M. Brouwer ,&nbsp;Daniel E. Jonas","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Addressing the critical public health crisis of substance use disorder (SUD), this study evaluates the accuracy of SUD treatment search tools, such as FindTreatment.gov, to connect patients with appropriate care.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>To ensure geographic diversity, we randomly selected one state from four distinct US regions (Arizona, Florida, Massachusetts, Ohio) and then randomly selected counties of varying sizes (one large, two medium, three small) within each state using a random number generator. Contact information for practices was extracted from the tools and validated through phone calls. The primary outcome measures were exact accuracy rate (wherein all information was accurate) and functional accuracy rate (wherein enough information was provided to facilitate care establishment).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 697 practices from within ten SUD treatment search tools were assessed. Accuracy of the ten SUD treatment search tools varied considerably, with exact accuracy rates ranging from 9.1 % to 76.0 % (mean: 56.0 %) and functional accuracy rates from 50.0 % to 92.0 % (mean: 82.8 %). National tools exhibited higher accuracy for both exact accuracy rate (66.3 % v. 49.0 %; p = 0.2864) and functional accuracy rate (83.8 % v. 82.2 %; p = 0.9148) than state tools, while privately funded tools demonstrated higher accuracy for both exact accuracy rates (66.8 % v. 48.9 %; p = 0.2008) and functional accuracy rates (83.8 % v. 82.2 %; p = 0.9148), but none of these differences were statistically significant.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study found that SUD treatment search tools commonly list inaccurate information, underscoring the need for systematic improvements in data management and validation practices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772724624000337/pdfft?md5=09cb0c47ef507d00a8268efe58180b86&pid=1-s2.0-S2772724624000337-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141483530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“If everyone knew about this, how many lives could we save?”: Do drug suppliers have a role in reducing overdose risk?","authors":"Bethany Hedden-Clayton ,&nbsp;Jes Cochran ,&nbsp;Jennifer J. Carroll ,&nbsp;Alex H. Kral ,&nbsp;Grant Victor ,&nbsp;Erin Comartin ,&nbsp;Bradley Ray","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>An unpredictable illicit drug supply is driving high levels of overdose death in North America. Prior research has demonstrated the importance of involving people who use drugs in harm reduction intervention design and implementation. The inclusion of people who supply drugs in these efforts has been scant. We explore this possibility by interviewing persons targeted by a harm reduction educational program designed specifically for people who supply drugs.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In-person interviews with people who use drugs were conducted in 2022 in Indianapolis, Indiana. We conducted a thematic analysis of data from six interviews with people who were either primarily or secondarily trained through this harm reduction training for people who supply drugs,</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Participants described a diverse array of harm reduction strategies, some gained through the targeted education program, which they regularly practiced as they consumed and/or supplied drugs to others. People who supply drugs were regularly identified as key actors capable of widely reducing risk across drug networks. Participants described being motivated by a moral imperative to protect community members, tying the previous loss of friends and loved ones to overdose to their commitments to the safety of others.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This article contributes to the scholarship on the role of people who supply drugs in implementing harm reduction interventions and reducing overdose risk. Better enabling grassroots harm reduction organizations to provide people who supply drugs with harm reduction training and access to harm reduction resources may help to reduce drug-related harms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772724624000349/pdfft?md5=9d1ace09c78ad3b657885a7c4ddf4295&pid=1-s2.0-S2772724624000349-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141539771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contraceptive uptake in postpartum people with and without opioid use disorder and opioid use with co-occurring substance use","authors":"Jennifer K. Bello ,&nbsp;Kevin Y. Xu ,&nbsp;Joanne Salas ,&nbsp;Jeannie Kelly ,&nbsp;Richard A. Grucza","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Using contraception to delay pregnancy allows people with opioid use disorder (OUD) to choose when they are ready to continue their families. Yet, postpartum contraceptive uptake among people with OUD has not been well characterized.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Analyses used 73,811 pregnancy episodes among 61,221 people (2016–2021) from the St. Louis University-SSM Virtual Data Warehouse. OUD was defined from the year prior and through pregnancy. Contraceptive uptake was defined within 90-days after delivery. We used Generalized Estimating Equations-type multinomial logit models to assess association of OUD +/- co-occurring substance use disorders (SUDs) with any contraception (yes/no) and type of contraception (effective – pills, patch, ring, injection; or highly effective – long-acting reversible, LARC methods [intrauterine device, implant] and sterilization).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The sample was 66.0 % white and average age was 27.7 years (±5.6). 32.5 % of pregnancies were followed by contraception initiation, 2.3 % had an OUD diagnosis, and 1.3 % OUD with co-occurring SUD. There was no association between OUD and postpartum contraception receipt, but OUD was associated with decreased highly effective compared to effective method initiation (aOR=0.76; 95 % CI: [0.64–0.91]). OUD plus co-occurring SUD was associated with decreased uptake across all contraception types (aOR=0.81[0.70–0.93]), specifically, highly-effective methods (aOR=0.48[0.38–0.61]).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Overall postpartum contraception uptake among people with OUD is comparable to uptake in the non-OUD population. People with OUD plus co-occurring SUDs are particularly unlikely to receive contraception. The reasons people choose contraceptive methods are complex and may differ by SUD severity. More information is needed to understand factors that impact postpartum contraception initiation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772724624000325/pdfft?md5=e714e8d53c208e096b43cfab5eb1b575&pid=1-s2.0-S2772724624000325-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141483531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural brain changes associated with cocaine use and digital cognitive behavioral therapy in cocaine use disorder treatment","authors":"Li Yan McCurdy ,&nbsp;Elise E. DeVito ,&nbsp;Jennifer M. Loya ,&nbsp;Charla Nich ,&nbsp;Zu Wei Zhai ,&nbsp;Brian D. Kiluk ,&nbsp;Marc N. Potenza","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100246","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Few studies have investigated changes in brain structure and function associated with recovery from cocaine use disorder (CUD), and fewer still have identified brain changes associated with specific CUD treatments, which could inform treatment development and optimization.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this longitudinal study, T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired from 41 methadone-maintained individuals with CUD (15 women) at the beginning of and after 12 weeks of outpatient treatment. As part of a larger randomized controlled trial, these participants were randomly assigned to receive (or not) computer-based training for cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT4CBT), and galantamine (or placebo).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Irrespective of treatment condition, whole-brain voxel-based morphometry analyses revealed a significant decrease in right caudate body, bilateral cerebellum, and right middle temporal gyrus gray matter volume (GMV) at post-treatment relative to the start of treatment. Subsequent region of interest analyses found that greater reductions in right caudate and bilateral cerebellar GMV were associated with higher relative and absolute levels of cocaine use during treatment, respectively. Participants who completed more CBT4CBT modules had a greater reduction in right middle temporal gyrus GMV.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These results extend previous findings regarding changes in caudate and cerebellar GMV as a function of cocaine use and provide the first evidence of a change in brain structure as a function of engagement in digital CBT for addiction. These data suggest a novel potential mechanism underlying how CBT4CBT and CBT more broadly may exert therapeutic effects on substance-use-related behaviors through brain regions implicated in semantic knowledge.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772724624000301/pdfft?md5=cb38e552e8482d31b1fca110bf3d9d90&pid=1-s2.0-S2772724624000301-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141276185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the effects of supervised consumption sites on housing prices in Montreal, Canada using interrupted time series and hedonic price models","authors":"Maximilian Schaefer,&nbsp;Dimitra Panagiotoglou","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>In 2017, three brick and mortar supervised consumption sites (SCS) opened in Montreal, Canada. Opponents argued the sites would attract people who use drugs and reduce local real estate prices.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We used interrupted time series and hedonic price models to evaluate the effects of Montreal’s SCS on local real estate prices. We linked the Quebec Professional Association of Real Estate Brokers’ housing sales data provided by Centris Inc. with census tract data and gentrification scores. Homes sold within 200<!--> <!-->m of the SCS locations between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2021 were included. We adjusted for internal (e.g., number of bed/bathrooms, unit size) and external attributes (e.g., neighbourhood demographics), and included a spatio-temporal lag to account for correlation between sales. For sensitivity analysis we used site-specific dummy variables to better account for unmeasured neighbourhood differences, and repeated analyses using 500<!--> <!-->m and 1000<!--> <!-->m radii.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We observed a price shock after the opening of the first two SCS in June 2017 (level effect: −10.5%, 95% CI: −19.1%, −1.1%) but prices rose faster month-to-month (trend effect: 1.1%, 95% CI: 0.7%, 1.6%) after implementation. Following the implementation of the third site in November 2017 there was no immediate impact (level effect: 2.4%, 95% CI: −10.4%, 17.0%) but once more prices roses faster (0.9%, 95% CI: 0.4%, 1.5%) thereafter. When we replaced neighbourhood attributes with a site-specific dummy variable, we observed the same pattern. Sales’ prices dropped (level effect: −9.6%, 95% CI: −15.0%, −3.8%) but rose faster month-to-month (trend effect: 0.9%, 95% CI: 0.6%, 1.2%) following June 2017’s SCS implementations, with no level effect (4.9%, 95% CI: −7.3%, 18.6%) and a positive trend (0.9%, 95% CI: 0.5%, 1.3%) after November 2017’s SCS opening. In most 500<!--> <!-->m and 1000<!--> <!-->m radii models, there were no immediate shocks following SCS opening, however, positive trend effects persisted in all models.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our models suggest homes sold near SCS may experience a price shock immediately post-implementation, with evidence of market recovery in the months that follow.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277272462400026X/pdfft?md5=0c48104bdb2f2c9d77edfa39402ae8cb&pid=1-s2.0-S277272462400026X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141139118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Xylazine awareness, desire, use and exposure: Preliminary findings from the Rhode Island community-based drug checking cohort study","authors":"Ju Nyeong Park ,&nbsp;Rachel Serafinski ,&nbsp;Merci Ujeneza ,&nbsp;Michelle McKenzie ,&nbsp;Jessica Tardif ,&nbsp;Alex J. Krotulski ,&nbsp;Adina Badea ,&nbsp;Elyse R. Grossman ,&nbsp;Traci C. Green","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100247","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Xylazine is an ⍺2 adrenergic receptor agonist and a veterinary sedative that can cause severe health complications yet interventions to detect and treat human exposure remain underdeveloped. Community-based drug checking services (DCS) involve the testing of small amounts of drugs to increase community knowledge of unregulated supplies and decrease harms. This study characterized xylazine awareness, desire, use and exposure among people who use drugs (PWUD) in Rhode Island, US.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We analyzed data from an ongoing PWUD cohort study. In 2023, 125 PWUD were enrolled and surveyed. Using point-of-care Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-S), we tested a drug sample from each participant onsite and confirmed the results offsite at a laboratory. Results were conveyed in real-time, along with harm reduction education, referrals to resources and care.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Virtually all participants (99.2 %) wanted to avoid xylazine exposure. Half (51.2 %) knew what xylazine was, and a quarter (26.1 %) suspected previous exposure. Xylazine exposure was primarily surmised through sedating (45.2 %) and ulcerative (29.0 %) effects. Only 8.8 % of participants submitted a sample that they expected to contain xylazine. Xylazine was detected in 14.5 % of samples using FTIR-S and in 21.4 % of samples using a dual laboratory approach of gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS). Participants thought that these xylazine-positive samples were fentanyl (78.3 %), heroin (13.0 %), or Percocet® (8.7 %).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Implementing point-of-care DCS at harm reduction organizations could be useful in rapidly increasing xylazine awareness and engaging at-risk individuals in prevention, harm reduction, treatment, and rapid care for xylazine-related wounds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772724624000313/pdfft?md5=b3256a647f78116162a5c239f29497a9&pid=1-s2.0-S2772724624000313-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141323040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Naloxone prescription fills and use by patients treated for opioid use disorder by telehealth","authors":"Scott G. Weiner ,&nbsp;Emily N. Miller ,&nbsp;Barbara Burke ,&nbsp;Brian Clear","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>It is unknown how many people in treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) have naloxone, use naloxone, and what their perceptions and barriers to obtaining it are.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This was a survey of patients treated in a large telehealth OUD program. Between December 6, 2023 and January 6, 2024, all patients who had access to the program’s phone app (n=17,899 individuals, of whom 12,887 were in active treatment), were invited to complete an anonymous online survey.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There were 701 individuals who completed the survey. Nearly all patients (n=693, 99%) knew what naloxone is, and the majority (n=601, 86%) knew how to administer it. A quarter of these patients (n=177, 25%) reported either having naloxone used on themselves or using it on someone else. 161 patients (23%) reported taking a naloxone training course. Of patients who recalled receiving a prescription, 72% (n=382) filled the prescription, and 85% (n=321) reported that insurance paid for all or part of it. If filled, the naloxone was reported as used by 30 (8%) patients. If not filled, reasons were: already had it (n=55, 37%), did not think it was needed (n=54, 37%) or too expensive (n=36, 23%). Patients who reported knowing how to administer naloxone (OR 2.63 (95% CI 1.35–5.00) were more likely to fill the prescription.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Patients prescribed naloxone in a telehealth treatment program filled the prescription 72% of the time, and when it was filled, 8% used the naloxone. Education and cost policy changes may reduce barriers to obtaining naloxone.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772724624000283/pdfft?md5=19712d8b6dbdcb89485bcb6c26c2b373&pid=1-s2.0-S2772724624000283-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141239931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}