Drug and alcohol dependence reports最新文献

{"title":"Structural brain changes associated with cocaine use and digital cognitive behavioral therapy in cocaine use disorder treatment","authors":"Li Yan McCurdy ,&nbsp;Elise E. DeVito ,&nbsp;Jennifer M. Loya ,&nbsp;Charla Nich ,&nbsp;Zu Wei Zhai ,&nbsp;Brian D. Kiluk ,&nbsp;Marc N. Potenza","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100246","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Few studies have investigated changes in brain structure and function associated with recovery from cocaine use disorder (CUD), and fewer still have identified brain changes associated with specific CUD treatments, which could inform treatment development and optimization.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this longitudinal study, T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired from 41 methadone-maintained individuals with CUD (15 women) at the beginning of and after 12 weeks of outpatient treatment. As part of a larger randomized controlled trial, these participants were randomly assigned to receive (or not) computer-based training for cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT4CBT), and galantamine (or placebo).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Irrespective of treatment condition, whole-brain voxel-based morphometry analyses revealed a significant decrease in right caudate body, bilateral cerebellum, and right middle temporal gyrus gray matter volume (GMV) at post-treatment relative to the start of treatment. Subsequent region of interest analyses found that greater reductions in right caudate and bilateral cerebellar GMV were associated with higher relative and absolute levels of cocaine use during treatment, respectively. Participants who completed more CBT4CBT modules had a greater reduction in right middle temporal gyrus GMV.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These results extend previous findings regarding changes in caudate and cerebellar GMV as a function of cocaine use and provide the first evidence of a change in brain structure as a function of engagement in digital CBT for addiction. These data suggest a novel potential mechanism underlying how CBT4CBT and CBT more broadly may exert therapeutic effects on substance-use-related behaviors through brain regions implicated in semantic knowledge.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772724624000301/pdfft?md5=cb38e552e8482d31b1fca110bf3d9d90&pid=1-s2.0-S2772724624000301-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141276185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the effects of supervised consumption sites on housing prices in Montreal, Canada using interrupted time series and hedonic price models","authors":"Maximilian Schaefer,&nbsp;Dimitra Panagiotoglou","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>In 2017, three brick and mortar supervised consumption sites (SCS) opened in Montreal, Canada. Opponents argued the sites would attract people who use drugs and reduce local real estate prices.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We used interrupted time series and hedonic price models to evaluate the effects of Montreal’s SCS on local real estate prices. We linked the Quebec Professional Association of Real Estate Brokers’ housing sales data provided by Centris Inc. with census tract data and gentrification scores. Homes sold within 200<!--> <!-->m of the SCS locations between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2021 were included. We adjusted for internal (e.g., number of bed/bathrooms, unit size) and external attributes (e.g., neighbourhood demographics), and included a spatio-temporal lag to account for correlation between sales. For sensitivity analysis we used site-specific dummy variables to better account for unmeasured neighbourhood differences, and repeated analyses using 500<!--> <!-->m and 1000<!--> <!-->m radii.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We observed a price shock after the opening of the first two SCS in June 2017 (level effect: −10.5%, 95% CI: −19.1%, −1.1%) but prices rose faster month-to-month (trend effect: 1.1%, 95% CI: 0.7%, 1.6%) after implementation. Following the implementation of the third site in November 2017 there was no immediate impact (level effect: 2.4%, 95% CI: −10.4%, 17.0%) but once more prices roses faster (0.9%, 95% CI: 0.4%, 1.5%) thereafter. When we replaced neighbourhood attributes with a site-specific dummy variable, we observed the same pattern. Sales’ prices dropped (level effect: −9.6%, 95% CI: −15.0%, −3.8%) but rose faster month-to-month (trend effect: 0.9%, 95% CI: 0.6%, 1.2%) following June 2017’s SCS implementations, with no level effect (4.9%, 95% CI: −7.3%, 18.6%) and a positive trend (0.9%, 95% CI: 0.5%, 1.3%) after November 2017’s SCS opening. In most 500<!--> <!-->m and 1000<!--> <!-->m radii models, there were no immediate shocks following SCS opening, however, positive trend effects persisted in all models.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our models suggest homes sold near SCS may experience a price shock immediately post-implementation, with evidence of market recovery in the months that follow.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277272462400026X/pdfft?md5=0c48104bdb2f2c9d77edfa39402ae8cb&pid=1-s2.0-S277272462400026X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141139118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Xylazine awareness, desire, use and exposure: Preliminary findings from the Rhode Island community-based drug checking cohort study","authors":"Ju Nyeong Park ,&nbsp;Rachel Serafinski ,&nbsp;Merci Ujeneza ,&nbsp;Michelle McKenzie ,&nbsp;Jessica Tardif ,&nbsp;Alex J. Krotulski ,&nbsp;Adina Badea ,&nbsp;Elyse R. Grossman ,&nbsp;Traci C. Green","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100247","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Xylazine is an ⍺2 adrenergic receptor agonist and a veterinary sedative that can cause severe health complications yet interventions to detect and treat human exposure remain underdeveloped. Community-based drug checking services (DCS) involve the testing of small amounts of drugs to increase community knowledge of unregulated supplies and decrease harms. This study characterized xylazine awareness, desire, use and exposure among people who use drugs (PWUD) in Rhode Island, US.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We analyzed data from an ongoing PWUD cohort study. In 2023, 125 PWUD were enrolled and surveyed. Using point-of-care Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-S), we tested a drug sample from each participant onsite and confirmed the results offsite at a laboratory. Results were conveyed in real-time, along with harm reduction education, referrals to resources and care.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Virtually all participants (99.2 %) wanted to avoid xylazine exposure. Half (51.2 %) knew what xylazine was, and a quarter (26.1 %) suspected previous exposure. Xylazine exposure was primarily surmised through sedating (45.2 %) and ulcerative (29.0 %) effects. Only 8.8 % of participants submitted a sample that they expected to contain xylazine. Xylazine was detected in 14.5 % of samples using FTIR-S and in 21.4 % of samples using a dual laboratory approach of gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS). Participants thought that these xylazine-positive samples were fentanyl (78.3 %), heroin (13.0 %), or Percocet® (8.7 %).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Implementing point-of-care DCS at harm reduction organizations could be useful in rapidly increasing xylazine awareness and engaging at-risk individuals in prevention, harm reduction, treatment, and rapid care for xylazine-related wounds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772724624000313/pdfft?md5=b3256a647f78116162a5c239f29497a9&pid=1-s2.0-S2772724624000313-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141323040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Naloxone prescription fills and use by patients treated for opioid use disorder by telehealth","authors":"Scott G. Weiner ,&nbsp;Emily N. Miller ,&nbsp;Barbara Burke ,&nbsp;Brian Clear","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>It is unknown how many people in treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) have naloxone, use naloxone, and what their perceptions and barriers to obtaining it are.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This was a survey of patients treated in a large telehealth OUD program. Between December 6, 2023 and January 6, 2024, all patients who had access to the program’s phone app (n=17,899 individuals, of whom 12,887 were in active treatment), were invited to complete an anonymous online survey.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There were 701 individuals who completed the survey. Nearly all patients (n=693, 99%) knew what naloxone is, and the majority (n=601, 86%) knew how to administer it. A quarter of these patients (n=177, 25%) reported either having naloxone used on themselves or using it on someone else. 161 patients (23%) reported taking a naloxone training course. Of patients who recalled receiving a prescription, 72% (n=382) filled the prescription, and 85% (n=321) reported that insurance paid for all or part of it. If filled, the naloxone was reported as used by 30 (8%) patients. If not filled, reasons were: already had it (n=55, 37%), did not think it was needed (n=54, 37%) or too expensive (n=36, 23%). Patients who reported knowing how to administer naloxone (OR 2.63 (95% CI 1.35–5.00) were more likely to fill the prescription.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Patients prescribed naloxone in a telehealth treatment program filled the prescription 72% of the time, and when it was filled, 8% used the naloxone. Education and cost policy changes may reduce barriers to obtaining naloxone.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772724624000283/pdfft?md5=19712d8b6dbdcb89485bcb6c26c2b373&pid=1-s2.0-S2772724624000283-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141239931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nicotine flux and pharmacokinetics-based considerations for early assessment of nicotine delivery systems","authors":"Aditya R. Kolli ,&nbsp;Emilija Veljkovic ,&nbsp;Florian Calvino-Martin ,&nbsp;Marco Esposito ,&nbsp;Arkadiusz K. Kuczaj ,&nbsp;Ondrej Koumal ,&nbsp;Jed E. Rose ,&nbsp;Manuel C. Peitsch","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the past few years, technological advancements enabled the development of novel electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). Several empirical measures such as “nicotine flux” are being proposed to evaluate the abuse liability potential of these products. We explored the applicability of nicotine flux for clinical nicotine pharmacokinetics (PK) and 52-week quit success from cigarettes for a wide range of existing nicotine delivery systems. We found that the differences in nicotine flux for various nicotine delivery systems are not related to changes in PK, as nicotine flux does not capture key physiological properties such as nicotine absorption rate. Further, the 52-week quit success and abuse liability potential of nicotine nasal sprays (high nicotine flux product), and nicotine inhalers (nicotine flux similar to ENDS) are low, suggesting that nicotine flux is a poor metric for the assessment of nicotine delivery systems. PK indices are more dependable for characterizing nicotine delivery systems, and a nicotine plasma <span><math><mfrac><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>C</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>max</mi></mrow></msub></mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>max</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></mfrac></math></span> &gt; 1 could improve 52-week quit success from cigarettes. However, a single metric may be inadequate to fully assess the abuse liability potential of nicotine delivery systems and needs to be further studied. A combination of <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in silico</em> approaches could potentially address the factors influencing the inhaled aerosol dosimetry and resulting PK of nicotine to provide early insights for ENDS assessments. Further research is required to understand nicotine dosimetry and PK for <em>ad libitum</em> product use, and abuse liability indicators of nicotine delivery systems. This commentary is intended to (1) highlight the need to think beyond a single empirical metric such as nicotine flux, (2) suggest potential PK-based metrics, (3) suggest the use of <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in silico</em> tools to obtain early insights into inhaled aerosol dosimetry for ENDS, and (4) emphasize the importance of considering comprehensive clinical pharmacology outcomes to evaluate nicotine delivery systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772724624000295/pdfft?md5=37909534c08a2ec13225650a1f63ad1f&pid=1-s2.0-S2772724624000295-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141243003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Policies, adaptations, and ongoing challenges to naloxone, buprenorphine and nonprescription syringe access across four-states: Findings from an environmental scan and key Informant interviews","authors":"Anthony S. Floyd ,&nbsp;Joseph Silcox ,&nbsp;Gail Strickler ,&nbsp;Thuong Nong ,&nbsp;Malcolm Blough ,&nbsp;Derek Bolivar ,&nbsp;Megan Rabin ,&nbsp;Jeffrey Bratberg ,&nbsp;Adriane N. Irwin ,&nbsp;Daniel M. Hartung ,&nbsp;Ryan N. Hansen ,&nbsp;Robert Bohler ,&nbsp;Traci C. Green","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>As the US opioid-involved morbidity and mortality increase, uptake and implementation of evidence-based interventions remain key policy responses. Respond to Prevent was a multi-component, randomized trial implemented in four states and two large pharmacy chains with the aim of improving the pharmacy’s capacity to provide naloxone, dispense buprenorphine, and sell nonprescription syringes (NPS). We sought to provide context and assess how policies and organizational practices affect communities and pharmacies across the study states.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Using a multi-method approach we: 1) conducted an environmental scan of published literature and online materials spanning January 2015 to June 2021, 2) created timelines of key events pertaining to those policies and practices and 3) conducted semi-structured interviews with stakeholders (key informants) at the state and local levels (N=36) to provide further context for the policies and practices we discovered.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Key informants discussed state policies, pharmacy policies and local practices that facilitated access to naloxone, buprenorphine and NPSs. Interviewees from all states spoke about the impact of naloxone standing orders, active partnerships with community-based harm reduction organizations, and some federal and state policies like Medicaid coverage for naloxone and buprenorphine, and buprenorphine telehealth permissions as key facilitators. They also discussed patient stigma, access in rural settings, and high cost of medications as barriers.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Findings underscore the important role harm reduction-related policies play in boosting and institutionalizing interventions in communities and pharmacies while also identifying structural barriers where more focused state and local attention is needed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772724624000271/pdfft?md5=00ed1fb7fdfde86d68963499e61aeb15&pid=1-s2.0-S2772724624000271-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141243001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fentanyl, carfentanil and other fentanyl analogues in Canada’s illicit opioid supply: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Robert A. Kleinman","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Despite the increase in fentanyl-involved overdose deaths in Canada, there have been no national-level studies evaluating the proportion of illicit opioids containing fentanyl or fentanyl analogues in Canada.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This cross-sectional exploratory study characterized trends in fentanyl, carfentanil and other fentanyl analogues within opioids seized by law enforcement agencies in Canada from 2012 to 2022 and submitted to the Health Canada Drug Analysis Service (DAS). Analyses were stratified by province/region. Mann-Kandell tests were used to test for trends.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 157,616 samples containing any opioid (“opioid-containing samples”) were submitted to the DAS from Canadian provinces between 2012 and 2022, of which 81,165 (51.5%) contained fentanyl or a fentanyl analogue. The percentage of opioid-containing samples that were positive for fentanyl or a fentanyl analogue increased from 3.0% (95% CI: 2.6–3.4%) in 2012–68.3% (67.7–68.9%) in 2022 (p &lt; 0.001 for trend). The percentage of opioid-containing samples that were positive for fentanyl or a fentanyl analogue increased between 2012 and 2022 in all regions. In 2022, the percentage of samples containing fentanyl or an analogue followed an east-to-west gradient: 15.8% (13.3–18.6%) of samples in Atlantic Canada and 84.7% (83.6–85.7%) in British Columbia. Carfentanil was present in 4.9% (4.6–5.2%) of opioid-containing samples in Canada in 2022 and 19.7% (18.3–21.2%) of opioid-containing samples in Alberta.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The illicit opioid supply in Canada increasingly contains toxic synthetic opioids. As of 2022, important regional differences existed in the illicit opioid supply in Canada.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772724624000246/pdfft?md5=0b0344a0ce5ba0a2913ab6886ccba2b0&pid=1-s2.0-S2772724624000246-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141137122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pilot findings on the real-world performance of xylazine test strips for drug residue testing and the importance of secondary testing methods","authors":"Erin Thompson ,&nbsp;Jessica Tardif ,&nbsp;Merci Ujeneza ,&nbsp;Adina Badea ,&nbsp;Traci C. Green ,&nbsp;Haley McKee ,&nbsp;Michelle McKenzie ,&nbsp;Ju Nyeong Park","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Xylazine is a sedative found increasingly in the illicit fentanyl supply that can cause hypotension, bradycardia, necrosis and death. This pilot examined the real-world performance of BTNX xylazine test strips (XTS) in drug residue samples.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study was nested within a drug checking service in Rhode Island. We tested unmeasured drug residue dissolved in 5<!--> <!-->mL of distilled water using XTS and Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS). Analyses compared XTS and LC-QTOF-MS results to calculate XTS detection of xylazine in residue.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Among 41 residue samples, xylazine was detected in 11% by the XTS and 44 % by the laboratory. The LC-QTOF-MS detected xylazine in 18 samples: 4 major, 9 minor, 5 trace by volume relative to the whole sample. The XTS disagreed with the LC-QTOF-MS by indicating a negative result in 77.8 % (N=14) of the samples but never indicated a positive when the LC-QTOF-MS reported xylazine’s absence. The XTS correctly detected xylazine 22 % of the time, however, this increased to 100 % of the time if xylazine was a major active component.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>In this study, the BTNX XTS often disagreed with LC-QTOF-MS by indicating a negative result, likely due to the dilution levels used and sample composition. The XTS may not be accurate in detecting residual amounts of xylazine, especially if xylazine is not a dominant component of the tested sample. Given the novelty of BTNX’s XTS products, we recommend XTS only be used in conjunction with other advanced drug checking modalities for residue testing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772724624000258/pdfft?md5=56767014de9dc64ba0787efb30f0538b&pid=1-s2.0-S2772724624000258-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141027016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substance use stigma: A systematic review of measures and their psychometric properties","authors":"Angelica Spata ,&nbsp;Ishita Gupta ,&nbsp;M. Kati Lear ,&nbsp;Karsten Lunze ,&nbsp;Jason B. Luoma","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Instruments to measure substance use stigma are emerging, however little is known regarding their psychometric properties. While research has evolved to view substance use stigma as a context sensitive international phenomenon that is embedded within cultures, validated self-report measures are lacking and comprehensive reviews of the existing measures are extremely limited. In this systematic review of substance use stigma and shame measures, we aim to contextualize results from existing research, lay the groundwork for future measurement development research, and provide a thorough resource for research scientists currently designing studies to measure substance use stigma.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We searched three databases using Boolean search terms for psychometric evaluations of measures of substance use stigma and shame and evaluated the quality/psychometric properties using an adaptation of the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) systematic review guidelines.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We identified 18 measures of substance use stigma. Overall, most measures had minimal psychometric assessments and none of the measures met all domains of the COSMIN measure quality criteria. However, most studies reported satisfactory factor analyses and internal consistency scores.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Most measures of substance use stigma and shame had psychometric assessment across a limited range of criteria and no measures of structural substance use stigma were found. The most reported psychometric properties were structural validity and convergent validity. We suggest future researchers investigate test-retest reliability and cross-cultural validity for existing substance use stigma measures, as well as develop and evaluate novel measures assessing structural stigma of substance use.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772724624000210/pdfft?md5=d8a85beda8215dbade4df4b6d23e10f4&pid=1-s2.0-S2772724624000210-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140914056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating changes in overdose death rates from increasing methamphetamine supply in Ohio: Evidence from crime lab data","authors":"Daniel Rosenblum ,&nbsp;Jeffrey Ondocsin ,&nbsp;Sarah G. Mars ,&nbsp;Dennis Cauchon ,&nbsp;Daniel Ciccarone","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>We investigate the relationship between the supply of methamphetamine and overdose death risk in Ohio. Ohio and the overall US have experienced a marked increase in overdose deaths from methamphetamine combined with fentanyl over the last decade. The increasing use of methamphetamine may be increasing the risk of overdose death. However, if people are using it to substitute away from more dangerous synthetic opioids, it may reduce the overall risk of overdose death.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Ohio’s Bureau of Criminal Investigation’s crime lab data include a detailed list of the content of drug samples from law enforcement seizures, which are used as a proxy for drug supply. We use linear regressions to estimate the relationship between the proportion of methamphetamine in lab samples and unintentional drug overdose death rates from January 2015 through September 2021.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Relatively more methamphetamine in crime lab data in a county-month has either no statistically significant relationship with overdose death rates (in small and medium population counties) or a negative and statistically significant relationship with overdose death rates (in large population counties). Past overdose death rates do not predict future increases in methamphetamine in crime lab data.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The results are consistent with a relatively higher supply of methamphetamine reducing the general risk of overdose death, possibly due to substitution away from more dangerous synthetic opioids. However, the supply of methamphetamine appears unrelated to the past illicit drug risk environment. The non-lethal and yet serious health effects of MA use were not explored and, thus, even if the presence of MA reduces the population-level overdose mortality rate, the rise of other adverse health effects may counteract any public health benefits of fewer deaths.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772724624000222/pdfft?md5=3afdcc1751e39f904890e6b45823a55c&pid=1-s2.0-S2772724624000222-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140879661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}