Drug and alcohol dependence reports最新文献

{"title":"Benzodiazepine use for anxiety disorders is associated with increased long-term risk of mood and substance use disorders: A large-scale retrospective cohort study","authors":"Ching-Fang Sun ,&nbsp;Akhil S. Pola ,&nbsp;Kuan-Pin Su ,&nbsp;Binx Y. Lin ,&nbsp;Anita S. Kablinger ,&nbsp;Robert L. Trestman","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Benzodiazepines (BZDs) are widely prescribed for anxiety disorders. However, the long-term implications on mental health remain uncertain, especially the potential association between chronic BZD use and subsequent diagnosis of mood and substance use disorders (SUDs).</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>We conducted a 5-year retrospective cohort study by analyzing the TriNetX database, a real-time electronic medical record network. The study population was defined as patients aged 18–65 with anxiety disorders (ICD-10-CM: F40-F48). We employed propensity score matching to pair a BZD-exposed cohort (≥12 BZD prescriptions) with a BZD-unexposed control cohort. The outcomes were defined as depressive disorders, bipolar disorders, and SUDs. We employed Kaplan-Meier analyses to assess the survival probability over five years following diagnosis and BZD exposure; log-rank test to obtain the hazard ratio (HR) with 95 % confidence interval (CI).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We identified and matched 76,137 patients in the study and control cohorts. Compared to the control cohort, the BZD-exposed group exhibited significantly higher risks of being diagnosed with depressive disorders (HR, 2.64; 95 % CI, 2.59–2.68), bipolar disorders (HR, 4.39; 95 % CI, 4.15–4.64), overall substance use disorders (HR, 3.00; 95 % CI, 2.92–3.08), alcohol use disorder (HR, 3.38; 95 % CI, 3.20–3.57), stimulant use disorder (HR, 3.24; 95 % CI, 2.95, 3.55), cannabis use disorder (HR, 2.93; 95 % CI, 2.75–3.11), inhalant use disorder (HR, 4.14; 95 % CI, 3.38–5.06), and nicotine use disorder (HR, 2.72; 95 % CI, 2.63–2.81).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our findings demonstrate a concerning association between BZD use and an increased risk of being diagnosed with various mood disorders and SUDs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772724624000544/pdfft?md5=667fa21a23886a7ff2e889255168a280&pid=1-s2.0-S2772724624000544-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142002258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal tracking of alcohol expectancies and their associations with impulsivity in alcohol naïve youth in the adolescent brain cognitive development (ABCD) study","authors":"Faith Adams ,&nbsp;Karmiella S. Ferster ,&nbsp;Laurel S. Morris ,&nbsp;Marc N. Potenza ,&nbsp;Iliyan Ivanov ,&nbsp;Muhammad A. Parvaz","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100271","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100271","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Positive and negative alcohol expectancies (PAEs and NAEs, respectively) and impulsivity are key risk factors for the onset of alcohol use. While both factors independently contribute to alcohol initiation, the developmental aspects of AEs and their nuanced relationship with impulsivity are not adequately understood. Understanding these relationships is imperative for developing targeted interventions to prevent or delay alcohol use onset in youth.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study utilized the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development cohort to examine how PAEs and NAEs develop over time and relate to each other. We also explored how self-reported and behavioral impulsivity at baseline (~10 years old) are associated with the longitudinal development of PAEs and NAEs in youth Ages 11, 12, and 13 (n = 7493; 7500; and 6981, respectively), as well as their time-specific relationships.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Findings revealed while PAEs increased steadily over all three years, NAEs increased from ages 11–12 and then remained unchanged between 12 and 13. Overall, PAEs and NAEs were inversely related. Moreover, PAEs positively correlated with sensation seeking and lack of premeditation, while NAEs negatively correlated with positive urgency. Interestingly, a time-specific association was observed with PAEs and lack of perseverance, with a stronger correlation to PAEs at Age 11 compared to Age 12.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the divergent developmental trajectory of PAEs and NAEs, and their overall and time-specific associations with impulsivity. These findings may guide focused and time-sensitive prevention and intervention initiatives, aiming to modify AEs and reduce underage drinking.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772724624000556/pdfft?md5=bb42277beb89d86956bd50ab2a74fce8&pid=1-s2.0-S2772724624000556-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142020947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of perceived pain relief from acute alcohol intake in a laboratory setting","authors":"Sharmagh Aghabeigi ,&nbsp;Nicholas J. Bush ,&nbsp;Jeff Boissoneault","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Studies of alcohol analgesia often assume that changes in pain sensitivity reflect the negative reinforcing effects of alcohol in pain self-management. However, factors that may influence perceived pain relief due to alcohol use remain incompletely characterized. Thus, the primary aim of this study was to identify which factors are most strongly related to self-reported pain relief in individuals with and without chronic pain after alcohol consumption.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study combined data from two studies of alcohol analgesia in individuals who regularly consume alcohol with and without chronic pain. Alcohol analgesia expectancies were assessed during screening. In laboratory sessions, participants received an alcohol-containing (.08<!--> <!-->g/dL target BrAC) or placebo beverage and rated subjective intoxication and subjective response (positive/negative aspects of stimulation/sedation). Participants underwent quantitative sensory testing to measure pain intensity, pain threshold, and relief. Paired sample t-tests determined effects of alcohol on pain measures. Hierarchical linear models determined factors associated with pain relief ratings in the alcohol condition.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Pain relief and pain threshold were higher in the alcohol session relative to placebo, but pain intensity did not differ. In a 4-step hierarchical linear model, expectancy of pain relief, subjective intoxication, and high positive affect, but not pain threshold or pain intensity, were significantly and uniquely associated with perceived relief.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Taken together, results suggest the negative-reinforcing effects of alcohol for pain-management are not completely reflected by changes in pain sensitivity in a laboratory setting. Expectancies and subjective response may be important in determining an individual’s evaluation of alcohol’s efficacy for pain self-management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772724624000519/pdfft?md5=c0806e9ed77914ca5f3f8bc11b029e6e&pid=1-s2.0-S2772724624000519-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141962960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fentanyl-positive urine drug screens in the emergency department: Association with intentional opioid misuse and racial disparities","authors":"Erin F. Shufflebarger ,&nbsp;Lindy M. Reynolds ,&nbsp;Landon McNellage ,&nbsp;James S. Booth ,&nbsp;Julie Brown ,&nbsp;Andrew R. Edwards ,&nbsp;Li Li ,&nbsp;Derek A. Robinett ,&nbsp;Lauren A. Walter","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>An increase in opioid-related overdoses, notably from potent synthetic opioids like fentanyl, prompted this consideration of characteristics of emergency department (ED) patients with evidence for illicit fentanyl use or exposure, the correlation with intentional opioid misuse, and subsequent ED management.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A retrospective review was performed of patients presenting to an urban academic medical center ED with evidence for illicit fentanyl use, determined by positive urine drug screens (UDS), from 6/2021 through 11/2021. Participant demographics, comorbidities, ED chief complaint and disposition, and evidence of intentional opioid misuse were considered. Secondary outcomes included provision of buprenorphine/naloxone and/or naloxone kits at discharge, ED recidivism, and six-month mortality. Bivariate comparisons and logistic regression models were performed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Among 409 unique patients, most were white and male with a mean age of 39.4. Approximately half presented with opioid-related complaints. Evidence of intentional opioid misuse was identified in 72.6 % of patients. Black patients had 79 % lower odds of intentional opioid misuse compared to white patients. Regarding ED management, 28.8 % were discharged with buprenorphine/naloxone and 14.0 % with a naloxone kit. Black patients had 63 % lower odds of receiving buprenorphine/naloxone compared to white patients after controlling for covariates. Nearly 6 % of the study population died within six months of the initial ED visit.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This fentanyl-focused review describes patient characteristics which largely mirror the epidemiology of the current opioid epidemic; however, despite evidence of objective exposure, it also suggests that Black patients may be less likely to use fentanyl intentionally. It also highlights potential disparities related to ED-based opioid misuse patient management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772724624000532/pdfft?md5=f4a62af456f6a7386ee24a4f9f7cc95c&pid=1-s2.0-S2772724624000532-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141963464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extensive social media use and frequency of current e-cigarette use among US youth","authors":"Maggie K. Richardson ,&nbsp;Osayande Agbonlahor ,&nbsp;Joy L. Hart ,&nbsp;Delvon T. Mattingly","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100266","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100266","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Both electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) and social media use among youth are public health concerns. While the health impacts of extensive social media use and frequent use of e-cigarettes have been discussed independently in the literature, little is known about the relationship between the two. This study aims to examine the potential association between extensive social media use and the frequency of current, e-cigarette use among United States (US) youth.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Data from the 2022 National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS) were analyzed. The sample included 23,655 middle and high school students aged 9–18 years. Frequency of current e-cigarette use was categorized based on past-30 day use (i.e., never/former, 1–9 days, 10–29 days, or 30 days). Social media use was dichotomized into less than 4 hours daily and 4+ hours daily (i.e., extensive use). Multivariable multinomial logistic regression estimated the relationship between social media use and e-cigarette use frequency.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Over one-third (35.8 %) of youth used social media extensively and 8.6 % reported current use of e-cigarettes. Extensive social media use was associated with daily e-cigarette use (OR: 1.94, 95 % CI: 1.48–2.56) but not with other use categories. Older age, female sex, lower grades, current other tobacco use, and family tobacco use were also associated with daily e-cigarette use.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Extensive social media use is associated with daily e-cigarette use among US youth. Public health interventions should consider the influence of social media on tobacco use behaviors and tailor prevention strategies to address this potential modifiable risk factor.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772724624000507/pdfft?md5=eb6c967acc869cba8493e849a961ae3a&pid=1-s2.0-S2772724624000507-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141950839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Youth and young adult knowledge of and access to opioid harm reduction policies and interventions in North Carolina","authors":"Kathleen L. Egan ,&nbsp;Thomas P. McCoy ,&nbsp;Renata Yassa ,&nbsp;Jonna Daniel ,&nbsp;Kimberly G. Wagoner ,&nbsp;Melinda M. Pankratz ,&nbsp;Justin B. Moore ,&nbsp;Jennifer Cornacchione Ross ,&nbsp;Parissa J. Ballard ,&nbsp;Scott D. Rhodes","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100265","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>From 2019–2021, overdose deaths among youth and young adults ages 10–19 years of age residing in the United States increased by 109 %. We sought to examine the extent to which youth and young adults who have experience with substance use are aware of the harm reduction policies and interventions, including the statewide Good Samaritan Law (GSL), naloxone, and fentanyl test strips, and have access to naloxone and fentanyl test strips.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>From December 2022 to February 2023, we conducted a cross-sectional telephone survey of individuals ages 12–25 years who resided in North Carolina (NC) (N=15,000). We assessed awareness of and access to harm reduction policies and interventions among participants who reported ever using heroin/fentanyl, diverted prescription medication, cocaine, methamphetamine, and hallucinogens (<em>n</em>=539). Logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with awareness of and access to these policies and interventions.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We found that 81.5 % of the sample of youth and young adults who reported ever use of substances were aware of NC’s GSL, 80.0 % were aware of naloxone, 43.0 % perceived they had access to naloxone, 74.4 % were aware of fentanyl test strips, and 21.9 % perceived they had access to fentanyl test strips. There were individual and community-level characteristics associated with awareness of and perceived access to these harm reduction policies and interventions.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Efforts are needed to improve access to harm reduction interventions among youth and young adults as they are experiencing an increased risk of dying from opioid-involved overdoses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772724624000490/pdfft?md5=7fd6b4dc4804292ce311aa0ecdcc4d49&pid=1-s2.0-S2772724624000490-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141951151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changing patterns of hospitalization for sedative misuse among youth aged 10–24 years in Quebec, Canada","authors":"Nathalie Auger ,&nbsp;Jessica Healy-Profitós ,&nbsp;Gabriel Côté-Corriveau","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100264","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>To assess trends in hospitalization for sedative misuse among youth.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Using a serial cross-sectional design, we computed hospitalization rates for sedative-related suicide attempts, sedative use disorders, and other sedative poisonings within individuals aged 5–24 years in Quebec, Canada. We computed sedative-related hospitalization rates in 2006–2011, 2012–2017, and 2018–2023, and examined differences according to age, sex, polysubstance use, mental health comorbidity, and social vulnerability using rate ratios (RR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) comparing the last time period relative to the first.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Sedative-related hospitalization rates more than doubled during the study. Suicide attempts using sedatives increased from 50.5 per 100,000 youth in 2006–2011, to 82.2 in 2012–2017 and 114.4 in 2018–2023 (RR 2.26, 95 % CI 1.63–3.15), while sedative use disorders increased from 13.1 to 21.8 and 60.5 per 100,000 in these same time periods (RR 4.62, 95 % CI 2.54–8.40). Rates increased for 10–24 year-olds and in both sexes, particularly among youth with polysubstance use, anxiety and attention disorders, and social vulnerability.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>Sedative misuse requiring hospitalization appears to be a growing issue among youth.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772724624000489/pdfft?md5=e8f14f5940ff0ec4ee6a3439f14d2cb4&pid=1-s2.0-S2772724624000489-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141840065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Smoking weed it gets you over the hump”: Cannabis co-use as a facilitator of decreased opioid use among people who inject drugs in Los Angeles, California","authors":"Siddhi S. Ganesh ,&nbsp;Erin E. Gould ,&nbsp;Bradley T. Conner ,&nbsp;Jimi Huh ,&nbsp;Rachel Carmen Ceasar ,&nbsp;Ricky N. Bluthenthal","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100257","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100257","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Opioid overdose mortality rates have surged dramatically in the last decade due largely to fentanyl in the illicit US drug supply. As of June 2024, 38 states, three territories, namely US Virgin Islands, Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands, and the District of Columbia, allow the medical use of cannabis products. However, there remains limited qualitative community-based evidence on the role of cannabis co-use among opioid using and injecting populations. In this study, we present data from people who inject drugs (PWID)’s co-use of cannabis-opioid.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We conducted 30 one-on-one semi-structured interviews with PWID from July 2021 to April 2022 at two community sites in Los Angeles, CA, near a syringe service program and a methadone clinic. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. We used constructivist grounded theory methods for identifying and comparing the emerging themes that appeared across transcripts to construct a conceptual explanation of how PWID co-used cannabis and opioids. Participant inclusion criteria included injection drug use, opioid and cannabis use, English fluency, and age 18+ years.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>PWID described that cannabis co-use assisted in developing patterns of reduced opioid use in a number of ways: 1) maintain opioid cessation and/or adhere to opioid use disorder treatment by managing cessation-specific symptoms, 2) manage symptoms of opioid withdrawal episodically and, 3) decrease opioid use due to low barrier accessibility of cannabis.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>Participants reported myriad benefits of opioid and cannabis co-use for reducing patterns of opioid use. These findings have two major harm reduction implications for PWID: 1) the distribution of cannabis via low threshold peer programming and interventions can facilitate changes in opioid use patterns and 2) access to cannabis co-use, potentially alongside existing Medication for Opioid Use Disorder, in treatment settings may improve efficacy of uptake and treatment outcomes and goals for individual PWID.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772724624000416/pdfft?md5=cad8fb086601cef0ce6ab1e31de44917&pid=1-s2.0-S2772724624000416-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141852083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthcare expenditures for people with substance use disorders in drug courts compared to their peers in traditional courts","authors":"Barrett Wallace Montgomery ,&nbsp;Arnie Aldridge ,&nbsp;Dara Drawbridge ,&nbsp;Ira Packer ,&nbsp;Gina M. Vincent ,&nbsp;Rosa Rodriguez-Monguio","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Individuals within the criminal justice system are at greater risk of substance use–related morbidity and mortality and have substantial healthcare needs. In this quasi-experimental study, we assessed utilization patterns of Massachusetts Medicaid Program (MassHealth) services and associated expenditures among drug court probationers compared to a propensity score–matched sample of traditional court probationers. Risk of reoffending, employment status, age, and living arrangement data were used to calculate propensity scores and match probationers between the two court types, producing a final sample of 271 in each court (N=542). Utilization of services and associated expenditures were analyzed using a two-part model to address the skewed distribution of the data and to control for residual differences after matching from the perspective of the payer (i.e., MassHealth). The largest categories of MassHealth spending were prescription pharmaceuticals, hospital inpatient visits, and physician visits. In the unadjusted analysis, drug court probationers exhibited greater MassHealth services utilization and expenditures than traditional court probationers. However, drug courts enrolled more females, more people at higher risk of reoffending, and more people with opioid use disorders. After controlling for differences between the two court types, the difference in MassHealth services utilization and associated expenditures did not reach statistical significance. Drug court probationers were more likely to engage with healthcare services but did not incur significantly greater expenditures than traditional court probationers after controlling for differences between the samples.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772724624000428/pdfft?md5=b42e2a32e91ba5663a369a09d3871013&pid=1-s2.0-S2772724624000428-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141849540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extended-release buprenorphine induction in opioid non-tolerant incarcerated individuals","authors":"Michael S. Gordon ,&nbsp;Thomas R. Blue ,&nbsp;Frank J. Vocci ,&nbsp;Shannon G. Mitchell ,&nbsp;Kevin R. Wenzel ,&nbsp;Marc Fishman","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100261","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Buprenorphine maintenance treatment remains unavailable in most jails in the US. We provide data on a four-day rapid sublingual buprenorphine (SL-B) induction strategy followed by a weekly dose of extended-release injectable buprenorphine (XR-B) with incarcerated individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) ho were not opioid tolerant.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Between October 2020 to April 2024, <em>N</em> = 65 individuals with an opioid use disorder in jails participating in a larger randomized, controlled trial received SL-B and XR-B prior to release. Primary outcomes included completing the proposed dose induction and any reported adverse events (AEs).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Sixty-five individuals received SL-B dose induction from our team’s medical staff, 53 (81.5 %) completed the four-day SL-B dose induction and received their first weekly XR‑B injection on day 5. Of the 65 individuals, 10 (15.38 %) participants reported AEs during the dosing period and/or in the week following the dosing period. All but one of the AE’s were rated as mild. One participant experienced a serious adverse event in the week following dose induction. The study medical team determined that this was unlikely to be related to the intervention.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>Overall, our study findings demonstrate the feasibility of implementing a four-day sublingual dose induction followed by a weekly XR-B injection with incarcerated individuals who are not opioid tolerant. This study provides important data to illustrate a dose induction strategy that might assist in reducing illicit diversion in jails, which is a main barrier to buprenorphine delivery cited by correctional administrators.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772724624000453/pdfft?md5=6711d8e5a7274d4200164e1988df0887&pid=1-s2.0-S2772724624000453-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141847557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}