Discover mental health最新文献

{"title":"Awareness and involvement of Nigerian Family Physicians in WHO's Mental Health Gap Action Programme: a qualitative study.","authors":"Olumide Thomas Adeleke, Wulaimat Abimbolanle Adekunle, Oludaisi Adeshina Oduniyi, Akeem Opeyemi Akinbode, Alarape Naomi Oluwasanya, Omorovbiye Aibangbee, Eloho Joy Orji, Temitayo Olabode Aderemi, Adekunle Joseph Ariba","doi":"10.1007/s44192-025-00221-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44192-025-00221-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The World Health Organization's Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP) intervention guide (IG) offers evidence-based recommendations and instruments for evaluating and comprehensive care of priority disorders. Its objective is to close the mental health gap; yet, this gap remains, characterized by substantial differences in access to and quality of care. Family physicians are essential in bridging this gap; nevertheless, their awareness and engagement in executing mhGAP remain ambiguous. This study explored family physicians' awareness and involvement levels in the implementation of mental health services in Nigeria as well as the perceived facilitators and barriers affecting their participation in the \"Mental Health Gap Action Programme\".</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study employed a descriptive participatory action research design, utilizing semi-structured key informant interviews with 24 family physicians nationwide, representing all six geopolitical zones. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using inductive coding and content analysis, revealing key themes and patterns that informed the study's findings, which were represented thematically.  RESULTS: Family physicians demonstrated varying awareness of mental health guidelines and interventions. Involvement levels ranged from minimal to proactive as there was no national unified guide. Facilitators to mhGAP involvement and implementation included training of physicians, patient relationships, and multidisciplinary collaboration while barriers included time constraints, stigma, and systemic gaps.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study reveals the varying levels of mhGAP awareness and involvement among Nigerian family physicians. While some are proactive, many show limited engagement. Training, patient relationships, and collaboration facilitate involvement, while time constraints, stigma, and systemic gaps hinder it. Targeted interventions are needed to bridge the mental health action gap.</p>","PeriodicalId":72827,"journal":{"name":"Discover mental health","volume":"5 1","pages":"87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12162395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144276922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mediating effect of risk propensity between impulsivity and psychotic experiences among Lebanese young adults.","authors":"Lea Kanbar, Diana Malaeb, Fouad Sakr, Mariam Dabbous, Feten Fekih-Romdhane, Souheil Hallit, Sahar Obeid","doi":"10.1007/s44192-025-00223-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44192-025-00223-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Psychotic experiences pose a significant public health concern among young adults. These subclinical symptoms can disrupt daily functioning and are often linked to risk propensity. Impulsivity, a multidimensional construct involving traits such as sensation seeking and lack of premeditation, has been implicated in various psychopathologies, including psychotic disorders. This study investigates the mediating role of risk propensity in the relationship between impulsivity and psychotic experiences among Lebanese young adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>It was a cross-sectional study conducted with 433 participants recruited through a snowball sampling technique. The following scales have been used: General Risk Propensity scale (GRiPS), Prodromal Questionnaire-Brief scale (PQ-B), and Impulsive Behavior Short Scale-8 (I-8).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of this mediation analysis revealed that risk propensity fully mediated the relationship between impulsivity and psychotic experiences (indirect effect: Beta = 0.08, Boot SE = 0.02; 95% CI 0.04; 0.11). Higher impulsivity was significantly associated with increased engagement in risk propensity, which, in turn, was significantly associated with greater severity of psychotic experiences. Direct association between impulsivity and psychotic experiences was not significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings highlight the pivotal role of risk propensity in the link between impulsivity and psychotic experiences among Lebanese adults. Future research should explore longitudinal designs to establish causality and investigate intervention strategies aimed at reducing risk propensity to mitigate the impact of impulsivity on psychotic symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":72827,"journal":{"name":"Discover mental health","volume":"5 1","pages":"85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12151974/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144259459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring mental health in Iranian children: insights from a cohort dataset by using the strengths and difficulties questionnaire.","authors":"Sulmaz Ghahramani, Mona Torkaman Cheh, Ahmad Nemati, Mohammad Sayari, Kamran Bagheri Lankarani","doi":"10.1007/s44192-025-00228-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44192-025-00228-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study examines the mental health of Iranian children aged 9-12 by evaluating data extracted from a cohort dataset that includes various variables from pregnancy to the mentioned age.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Data from the Fars Birth Cohort (FBC) was used, involving 714 children aged 9-12 in 2021. The study recorded various characteristics, including parental sociodemographics and child health, and assessed behavioral difficulties using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) through parent-reported phone interviews. A multivariate logistic regression model identified factors linked to SDQ scores, categorized as normal or borderline/abnormal.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average age of participants was 10.06 years, with a majority being girls (51.68%). Breastfeeding varied, with 42.30% breastfeeding for 4-6 months. Physical health was generally good, although common diagnoses included allergies (12.04%) and anemia (12.61%). Mental health evaluations indicated that 3.08% of children were diagnosed with depression or anxiety, while 2.52% were identified as having ADHD. Additionally, 94.96% of participants reported using technology for at least one hour daily. In terms of SDQ scores, 10.78% and 13.16% of children fell into the \"Borderline\" and \"Abnormal\" categories, respectively. Among subscales, the highest percentage of children scored within the \"normal\" range for prosocial behavior, while the highest proportion for the \"abnormal\" was emotional difficulties. Higher education levels of fathers (OR = 6.95), household smoking (OR = 1.89), ADHD diagnoses (OR = 22.87), and frequent technology use (OR = 3.92) were all significantly associated with increased abnormal scores. Also, child's age was a predictor of higher odds of an abnormal SDQ score (OR = 1.77).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlights complex relationships among parental, environmental, and child-specific factors affecting childhood behavioral difficulties. It underscores the need for comprehensive interventions targeting multiple risk factors, particularly household smoking, hyperactivity, and excessive technology use.</p>","PeriodicalId":72827,"journal":{"name":"Discover mental health","volume":"5 1","pages":"86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12151934/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144259458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social context in the development of problematic gaming habits: a narrative exploration.","authors":"Benediktas Gelūnas","doi":"10.1007/s44192-025-00220-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44192-025-00220-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This qualitative study explores the development of problematic gaming habits outside of the dominant diagnostic framework of gaming addiction, synthesizing insights from narrative interviews with 30 adult males recruited from the online community \"Stop Gaming\". Participants revealed diverse patterns of early gaming experiences, influenced by family and peer dynamics. Problematic gaming emerged as a coping mechanism during stressful life periods, defined by factors such as social isolation, lack of direction, or health issues. Game-intrinsic attractions such as professional ambitions, the feeling of productivity, and safety from real risk also played significant roles in intensifying gaming habits. The findings challenge the conventional addiction model by highlighting how the development of problematic gaming habits is dependent on social and cultural factors. The study emphasizes the need to address underlying circumstances when it comes to understanding and managing the personal and social distress associated with problematic gaming.</p>","PeriodicalId":72827,"journal":{"name":"Discover mental health","volume":"5 1","pages":"84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12144011/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144251153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of epidermolysis bullosa on quality of life and mental health.","authors":"Guilherme Martins Freitas, Louise Hernandes Claure, Fabiana Antunes de Andrade, Kátia Sheylla Malta Purim","doi":"10.1007/s44192-025-00209-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44192-025-00209-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a rare, chronic, incurable, multisystemic genetic disorder characterized by skin fragility, resulting in blistering from minimal trauma or spontaneously. Despite its physical impact, little is known about the mental health and quality of life (QoL) of those affected. This study aims to investigate these aspects in individuals with EB.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted in Brazil using a self-administered questionnaire and a convenience sample. Data on clinical-epidemiological characteristics, QoL (DLQI-BRA and QoLEB), and depression indicators (PHQ-9) were collected. Descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test were used, with a significance level of p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sample consisted of 31 patients, predominantly women (89.3%), with a mean age of 33.32 ± 11.3 years. The recessive dystrophic subtype was most common (54.8%), and depressive symptoms were present in 71%. PHQ-9 results revealed 29% had \"mild depression,\" 16.1% \"moderate depression,\" 22.6% \"moderately severe depression,\" and 3.2% \"severe depression.\" QoLEB indicated significant impairment in functional domains, while DLQI showed that 45.2% of patients experienced severe QoL impact. The most affected domains were leisure, symptoms and feelings, and daily activities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings highlight the substantial impact of EB on mental health, QoL, and personal relationships. These results reinforce the need for early mental health screening and the integration of multidisciplinary care to optimize patient outcomes. Implementing structured psychological support, along with comprehensive dermatological and medical management, could mitigate the burden of the disease and enhance the overall well-being of affected individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":72827,"journal":{"name":"Discover mental health","volume":"5 1","pages":"83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12133663/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144210398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polygenic scores and symptom severity change after internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for depression and anxiety.","authors":"Julia Bäckman, John Wallert, Matthew Halvorsen, James J Crowley, David Mataix-Cols, Christian Rück","doi":"10.1007/s44192-025-00213-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44192-025-00213-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Depressive and anxiety disorders are leading causes of disability globally. Therapist-guided, Internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy (ICBT) is an established treatment for depression and anxiety, but a considerable proportion of treated patients do not achieve sufficient improvement. Predicting symptom changes based solely on clinical variables is challenging, and genetic data could offer additional insights into who might benefit most from ICBT. We conducted a study of 2,668 adults (62% women, average age 35.6) from the Swedish MULTI-PSYCH cohort, to investigate the association between polygenic scores (PGS) for eight psychiatric and cognitive traits and symptom change after ICBT. All participants had been diagnosed with depression, panic disorder or social anxiety disorder. The primary outcome was a harmonised symptom score. Using large discovery data sets, PGSs were computed for ADHD, autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder and schizophrenia, cross-disorder psychopathology, educational attainment, and intelligence. Linear mixed-effects models identified a significant negative association between PGS for educational attainment (PGS-EDU) and symptom severity in the adjusted model (B = - 0.69, p = 0.034), suggesting that a higher PGS-EDU was associated with lower symptom severity. There was also a significant PGS-EDU*time interaction, indicating that PGS-EDU also influenced the symptom change rate. When excluding outliers, these effects remained statistically significant. No other PGSs were statistically significant. Sensitivity analysis showed that self-reported education level provided a stronger association to the outcome than PGS-EDU, indicating that the potential clinical applications of PGS are currently limited. While these results await replication, they could have important implications for how the ICBT could be adapted to suit a wider portion of the population.</p>","PeriodicalId":72827,"journal":{"name":"Discover mental health","volume":"5 1","pages":"82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12130394/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The devastating impact of conflict in Sudan on mental health services: a rapid review.","authors":"Wagd Mutaz Osman, Leena Abdelghani Mohamed, Abdulqadir J Nashwan","doi":"10.1007/s44192-025-00207-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44192-025-00207-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sudan's healthcare system teeters on the brink of collapse as the country continues to reel from political instability and conflict that escalated in April 2023. The latest outbreak of violence between the national army and the Rapid Support Forces has exacerbated an already fragile healthcare infrastructure. This review provides a narrative synthesis of the existing literature and reports on the current state of mental health services in Sudan. The ongoing conflict has triggered widespread displacement, economic instability, and trauma, which have in turn contributed to increased rates of mental illness. While mental health services were limited even before the conflict, the current crisis has significantly reduced access to care, especially for vulnerable populations. In this review, we highlight the urgent need for comprehensive mental health interventions and sustained support for healthcare providers under increasingly dangerous conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":72827,"journal":{"name":"Discover mental health","volume":"5 1","pages":"81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12130403/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An investigation into the prevalence and perceptions of mental health disorders in Appalachian West Virginia.","authors":"Tyann Dotson, Jerry Derringer, Lauren Hudson Rose, Nathan L Vanderford, Amanda Hinkle, Lindsay E Cormier","doi":"10.1007/s44192-025-00218-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44192-025-00218-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Appalachian West Virginia's population is disproportionately afflicted by mental illness, with Logan County having the highest depression rates in the United States. To further understand the mental health situation in Appalachian West Virginia, this research study aims to evaluate the prevalence and perceptions of mental health disorders among patients of Coalfield Health Center.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An online survey was administered to patients at Coalfield Health Center containing 25 questions categorized into three parts: demographic, beliefs/perceptions about behavioral health, and behavioral healthcare access.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The data demonstrated that 37% of participants had received a mental illness diagnosis and 82% knew someone with a mental illness. Nearly 10% of participants denied having reliable transportation or health insurance coverage. Patients reported lacking mental health knowledge and a majority indicated a need for mental health education.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The data affirm a high prevalence of mental illness in Logan County, with barriers to care including a negative community perception, low socioeconomic status, lack of access to resources, and low health literacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":72827,"journal":{"name":"Discover mental health","volume":"5 1","pages":"80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12125426/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between physical activity and depressive symptoms in U.S. adults is modulated by sleep duration: gender disparities.","authors":"Juxiang Yang, Xi Zheng, Yi Wang, Hongchu Wang, Gang Song","doi":"10.1007/s44192-025-00212-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44192-025-00212-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The joint effects of physical activity and sleep duration on depression remain unclear. The aim of this study is to explore the independent and joint associations between physical activity (PA) and sleep duration with depressive symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included and analyzed 18,052 participants (age ≥ 20 years) from the cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2007 and 2014.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After adjustment, both males and females showed a significant correlation between PA, sleep duration, and depressive symptoms. In the joint association analysis, we found: 1. The interaction between PA and sleep duration was statistically significant in males but not significant in females (P = 0.380). 2. Compared to individuals with the lowest PA level and not meeting the National Sleep Foundation's (NSF) guidelines, those with the highest PA level and recommended sleep duration had a 79% decrease in depression risk in males (odds ratio [OR] 0.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.14-0.32) and a 74% decrease in females (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.20-0.35). 3. In male participants adhering to NSF guidelines, each increase in PA quartile is associated with a 19% reduction in the risk of depression (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.71-0.92). Conversely, among male participants not adhering to NSF guidelines, there is a 23% decrease in depression risk (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.69-0.86). For female participants, the respective reductions in depression risk are 20% (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.73-0.89) and 14% (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.80-0.93).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>For males, adherence to recommended sleep duration weakens the relationship between physical activity and depression, while the opposite is observed for females.</p>","PeriodicalId":72827,"journal":{"name":"Discover mental health","volume":"5 1","pages":"79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12125408/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A summary review of the development of using a brief imagery-competing task intervention (ICTI) for reducing intrusive memories of psychological trauma: applications in healthcare settings for both staff and patients.","authors":"Julie Highfield, Lalitha Iyadurai, Emily A Holmes","doi":"10.1007/s44192-025-00205-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44192-025-00205-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psychological trauma for those utilising and delivering healthcare is common, and in particular the experience of repeated and unwanted intrusive memories (IM) of the trauma can occur. There are several psychological interventions that have been shown to be effective with the full syndrome of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), but researchers have only recently explored targeted interventions for IMs. This review provides a summary of a body of work on a behavioural technique called \"Imagery Competing Task Intervention\" (ICTI) for intrusive memories after trauma by Holmes and colleagues. The papers presented outline the underlying cognitive science, the historical development of the intervention, and its application to various different populations in healthcare settings including clinical tests of efficacy. Settings and populations include traumatic events experienced by emergency department patients and emergency caesarean section patients, as well as after work-related trauma experienced by intensive care staff and wider healthcare staff. Timing of ICTI intervention delivery has included the same day of trauma, within 72 h and for older memories weeks, months (or years) post-trauma. The intervention has been delivered with a guided session, which in some studies is in person and some remotely via digital health application. There is a brief overview of other related interventions. The ICTI approach shows potential scalability in trauma laden environments such as healthcare, where exposure is unlikely to be limited or managed and symptoms such as subclinical IMs are common. As such the intervention could be used in a preventing-and-treating approach and in subclinical-to-clinical samples who have IMs after exposure to psychological trauma. Future research would be needed to test ICTI as an intervention for the full syndrome of PTSD.</p>","PeriodicalId":72827,"journal":{"name":"Discover mental health","volume":"5 1","pages":"78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12116969/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144164152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}