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Physics in Perspective最新文献

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Not Just Boys at Via Panisperna: Women at the Royal Physics Institute in Rome 潘尼斯佩纳大街上不只是男孩:罗马皇家物理研究所的女性
IF 0.4 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-022-00291-x
Miriam Focaccia
{"title":"Not Just Boys at Via Panisperna: Women at the Royal Physics Institute in Rome","authors":"Miriam Focaccia","doi":"10.1007/s00016-022-00291-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00016-022-00291-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper retraces the history of some of the women who attended the Royal Physics Institute of Via Panisperna in Rome, from its founding in 1881 until 1937. Much has been written about the so-called Via Panisperna boys; less known is the story of the girls who attended that same institute starting during the directorship of Pietro Blaserna. Nuclear physicist Edoardo Amaldi, in the typewritten notes in which he began to reconstruct the history of the Institute, was one of the first to document women scientists there. Starting with the first women who graduated in physics at the Institute, and also considering the political and institutional context, I reconstruct the stories of Nella Mortara, Laura Capon, and Ginestra Giovene. The latter two later became the wives, respectively, of Enrico Fermi and Amaldi.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"24 2-3","pages":"154 - 177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00016-022-00291-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4100165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“Philosophysics” at the University of Vienna: The (Pre-)History of Foundations of Quantum Physics in the Viennese Cultural Context 维也纳大学的“哲学”:维也纳文化背景下量子物理学基础的(前)历史
IF 0.4 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-022-00290-y
Flavio Del Santo, Emanuel Schwarzhans
{"title":"“Philosophysics” at the University of Vienna: The (Pre-)History of Foundations of Quantum Physics in the Viennese Cultural Context","authors":"Flavio Del Santo,&nbsp;Emanuel Schwarzhans","doi":"10.1007/s00016-022-00290-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00016-022-00290-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Vienna today is one of the capitals of research on foundations of quantum physics. We reconstruct the development of modern physics in Vienna, with a focus on foundations of quantum mechanics (FQM), which is a sub-field of quantum mechanics. We show that the influence of Erwin Schrödinger and, in more recent years, the initiatives of Anton Zeilinger—the two main intuitive reasons—cannot alone account for today’s outstanding research landscape on FQM in Vienna. We highlight four additional factors that played a crucial role in the development of foundational research in Vienna: 1) the Viennese heritage of the cultural golden age just before World War II; 2) the long-lasting institutional connection between the faculty of physics and philosophy; 3) a rise of several initiatives that gave forum to the interplay of physics and philosophy; and 4) the influence of several external scholars in the Viennese scientific landscape. Our analysis is informed by interviews with the most pertinent scientists, a detailed survey of the relevant social networks, and review of the main primary literature.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"24 2-3","pages":"125 - 153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00016-022-00290-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4703800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Physics and Philosophy—Uneasy Bedfellows? 物理学和哲学——不安的同床共枕?
IF 0.4 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-022-00292-w
Robert L. Naylor, Joseph D. Martin, Richard Staley
{"title":"Physics and Philosophy—Uneasy Bedfellows?","authors":"Robert L. Naylor,&nbsp;Joseph D. Martin,&nbsp;Richard Staley","doi":"10.1007/s00016-022-00292-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00016-022-00292-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"24 2-3","pages":"97 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5169935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Brecht, Galileo, and Møller: A View from Copenhagen, 1938–1939 布莱希特、伽利略和Møller:从哥本哈根看，1938-1939
IF 0.4 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2022-07-18 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-022-00289-5
Helge Kragh
{"title":"Brecht, Galileo, and Møller: A View from Copenhagen, 1938–1939","authors":"Helge Kragh","doi":"10.1007/s00016-022-00289-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00016-022-00289-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The famous German author and playwright Bertolt Brecht lived in exile in Denmark from 1933 to 1939. During the last years of his stay, he was directly and indirectly involved with physicists at Niels Bohr’s Institute for Theoretical Physics in Copenhagen. In the spring of 1938, he had a meeting with Christian Møller concerning his plan to write what became <i>The Life of Galileo</i>. Later, in the early months of 1939, Brecht became aware of and interested in the discovery of uranium fission, in part spurred by a radio broadcast with Møller and other physicists. The paper reconstructs what happened in Copenhagen and discusses how the events influenced Brecht’s writing of <i>Galileo</i> and his views on science and society. It also reconsiders how he was to some extent inspired by Albert Einstein and made theatrical use of the ideas of the great physicist.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"24 2-3","pages":"99 - 124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5015233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Amateurs in the History of Physics 物理学史的业余爱好者
IF 0.4 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2022-04-11 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-022-00288-6
{"title":"Amateurs in the History of Physics","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s00016-022-00288-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00016-022-00288-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"24 1","pages":"1 - 2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4444791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Drama around a Wartime Heisenberg Letter 关于战时海森堡信的戏剧
IF 0.4 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2022-02-07 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-021-00285-1
Stephan Schwarz
{"title":"Drama around a Wartime Heisenberg Letter","authors":"Stephan Schwarz","doi":"10.1007/s00016-021-00285-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00016-021-00285-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A recently published letter written by Werner Heisenberg in October 1943 has been interpreted as reporting on a sudden chasm in a close relationship between Heisenberg and Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker. The interpretation is interesting because (as will be argued) it is counterintuitive. There are alternatives; for example, it could be an afterthought following extended nightly small talk, not to be taken seriously. I argue, with reference to other sources, that the long-standing friendship was complex and incongruent in many ways, yet solid. It is unlikely that this relation should be vulnerable to destruction by a single irrational incident, that did not even touch on personal commitments. The incident seems rather to be an atypical expression of frustration, with little consequence. The letter can even be interpreted as a unique expression of its author’s resentment of phraseology with roots in Nazi rhetoric.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"24 1","pages":"72 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00016-021-00285-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4297491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Making and Collecting Instruments in Fair Verona: The Case of the Italian Amateur Scientist Gaetano Spandri (1796–1859) 在维罗纳博览会上制作和收集仪器:意大利业余科学家加埃塔诺·斯潘德里(1796-1859)的案例
IF 0.4 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2022-01-27 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-021-00283-3
Roberto Mantovani
{"title":"Making and Collecting Instruments in Fair Verona: The Case of the Italian Amateur Scientist Gaetano Spandri (1796–1859)","authors":"Roberto Mantovani","doi":"10.1007/s00016-021-00283-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00016-021-00283-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gaetano Spandri (1796–1859) was a “diligent scholar of the physical sciences,” a private collector and maker of scientific instruments who worked in Verona in the first half of the nineteenth century. Born in Verona, the city famous as the setting of Shakespeare’s iconic masterpiece <i>Romeo and Juliet</i> Spandri was primarily a physicist and astronomer, but he was also interested in meteorology and natural sciences. The main sources of information about his scientific work are handwritten papers, parts of his private correspondence, and scientific reports kept at the Verona Academy of Agriculture. For most of his life, he collaborated with the physicist Giuseppe Zamboni and was in contact with important physicists and astronomers of his time. His private apartment was equipped with a rich library, an astronomical and meteorological observatory, and a large room where he gathered a rich and important collection of scientific instruments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"24 1","pages":"3 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00016-021-00283-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5041326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Walter Scott Hill and Uruguayan Physics 沃尔特·斯科特·希尔和乌拉圭物理学
IF 0.4 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2022-01-24 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-021-00284-2
Juan A. Queijo Olano, Antonio A. P. Videira
{"title":"Walter Scott Hill and Uruguayan Physics","authors":"Juan A. Queijo Olano,&nbsp;Antonio A. P. Videira","doi":"10.1007/s00016-021-00284-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00016-021-00284-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The history of physics in Uruguay has long been misunderstood by the country’s historians. This article proposes a new way of considering that past, researching the career of Walter Scott Hill at the Institute of Physics of the University of the Republic of Uruguay (Udelar). By doing so, not only can we fill a gap in the history of Uruguayan science, but we can also understand how important a role the laboratory had in the country’s physics and what ramifications this had. Uruguayan physics did not develop from a university chair or an institute or some scientific society; its embryo was the laboratory at the Faculty of Engineering and Surveying, part of the Institute of Physics at Udelar, even if its subsequent development did not apparently generate further fruit.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"24 1","pages":"35 - 71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00016-021-00284-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4932885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
E Pluribus…? E Pluribus…？
IF 0.4 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2022-01-03 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-021-00282-4
Robert P. Crease, Joseph D. Martin, Richard Staley
{"title":"E Pluribus…?","authors":"Robert P. Crease,&nbsp;Joseph D. Martin,&nbsp;Richard Staley","doi":"10.1007/s00016-021-00282-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00016-021-00282-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"23 4","pages":"179 - 180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4120607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
CERN’s Balancing Act Between Unity and Disunity: The “Sister Experiments” UA1 and UA2 and CERN’s First Nobel Prize CERN在统一与不统一之间的平衡:“姐妹实验”UA1和UA2与CERN的第一个诺贝尔奖
IF 0.4 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2021-11-25 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-021-00281-5
Grigoris Panoutsopoulos, Theodore Arabatzis
{"title":"CERN’s Balancing Act Between Unity and Disunity: The “Sister Experiments” UA1 and UA2 and CERN’s First Nobel Prize","authors":"Grigoris Panoutsopoulos,&nbsp;Theodore Arabatzis","doi":"10.1007/s00016-021-00281-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00016-021-00281-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, we employ Ian Hacking’s insight that “unity” has a double meaning, singleness and harmonious integration, to revisit a major episode from the recent history of CERN: the UA1 and UA2 experiments in the early 1980s, which led to the discovery of the <i>W</i> and <i>Z</i> bosons. CERN is a complex institution, where diverse groups are called upon to cooperate. We argue that this lack of unity, in the first sense of the term, is counterbalanced by specific mechanisms of integration, so that CERN achieves its standing as a unified organization. The UA1/UA2 episode highlights this interplay between unity and disunity. The UA2 experiment was designed and carried out in order to confirm the validity of the results obtained by UA1. The two experimental teams, working independently and with different mentalities, built separate detectors and refrained from systematically sharing their data. This gave rise to strong antagonisms and diametrically opposed opinions over what conclusions could legitimately be drawn from the resulting data. Our analysis focuses on the mechanisms which compensated for that disunity and eventually led to a unified consensus between UA1 and UA2.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"23 4","pages":"181 - 201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5370594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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