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Physics in Perspective最新文献

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Calculating and Mapping the Disposition of Future Heavens: Ferdinand Verbiest’s Weather Forecasting and Its Termination During the Qing Court (1669–1680) 计算和绘制未来天象：费迪南德-韦尔比斯特的天气预报及其在清廷的终止（1669-1680 年）
IF 0.1 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2023-09-10 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-023-00301-6
Weixing Niu, Yejing Ge, Haohao Zhu
{"title":"Calculating and Mapping the Disposition of Future Heavens: Ferdinand Verbiest’s Weather Forecasting and Its Termination During the Qing Court (1669–1680)","authors":"Weixing Niu,&nbsp;Yejing Ge,&nbsp;Haohao Zhu","doi":"10.1007/s00016-023-00301-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00016-023-00301-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>After the resurgence of Jesuit astronomy in 1669, the Flemish Jesuit missionary Ferdinand Verbiest (1623–1688) became the de facto head of the Astronomical Bureau in Qing China. Following the actions of the Italian priest Matteo Ricci (1552–1610) and of the German astronomer Johann Adam Schall von Bell (1591–1666), Verbiest mainly focused on weather forecasting to substitute Chinese traditional astrology with European natural astrology (how planetary motions affected the weather, disease, and agriculture), thereby disseminating his religious beliefs via Western mathematical science. Meanwhile, a series of strategies were mobilized to boost the credibility of this craft, including claiming its technical superiority based on actual celestial positions and calculations, masking the uncertainties with “approximate agreement” (the widening of the acceptable range), and dedicating mathematical instruments for a deep understanding. However, due to sudden political changes and Emperor Kangxi’s (1654–1722) criticism, Verbiest was forced to compromise on the public astrological discourse. Eventually, as the very speculative nature of his craft became apparent, the authorities declared the end of natural astrology and the full restoration of Chinese astrology. Verbiest’s story broadens the current picture of the calendrical and astrological reforms led by Jesuit scientists in China and provides a wider framework to analyze the global spread of Jesuit science and belief.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"25 3","pages":"137 - 168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136071897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Before and After the Fall: Geography of Soviet and Post-Soviet Physics Surveyed via Leading Journals 苏联解体前后:主要期刊对苏联和后苏联物理地理学的调查
IF 0.4 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-023-00298-y
Ivan Sterligov
{"title":"Before and After the Fall: Geography of Soviet and Post-Soviet Physics Surveyed via Leading Journals","authors":"Ivan Sterligov","doi":"10.1007/s00016-023-00298-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00016-023-00298-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Using a dataset of corresponding addresses in the <i>Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics</i> (<i>JETP</i>) and <i>JETP Letters</i> (<i>JETPL</i>), which were the leading venues for Soviet physics, we perform a large-scale survey of the spatial geography of Soviet and post-Soviet physics during the period 1975–2015, capturing the changing roles of different republics and cities within the USSR, post-Soviet states, and countries that were never part of the Soviet Union. We also pay attention to the role of Russian-speaking emigrants. Such a detailed and data-driven geography, based on two leading cross-physics publications, serves as a novel addition to the fields of the history of physics and Soviet/post-Soviet science and geopolitics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"25 1-2","pages":"41 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4978591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Between Old and New Interpretations of Life: Animal Electricity at the First Congress of Italian Scientists 在生命的新旧解释之间:意大利科学家第一次会议上的动物电
IF 0.4 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2023-04-10 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-023-00296-0
Roberto Mantovani
{"title":"Between Old and New Interpretations of Life: Animal Electricity at the First Congress of Italian Scientists","authors":"Roberto Mantovani","doi":"10.1007/s00016-023-00296-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00016-023-00296-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In 1839, collaborating with physicist Luigi Pacinotti, the Italian physician and historian of medicine Francesco Puccinotti announced a successful measurement of the existence of electrovital currents in live warm- and cold-blooded animals. To perform this measurement, they used the astatic galvanometer developed by Leopoldo Nobili. The experimental demonstrations took place in Pisa on the morning of October 13, 1839 as part of the First Congress of Italian Scientists. The experiment had been carefully prepared and tested ahead of the Congress in June and July of the same year. Two congressional commissions, composed respectively of doctors and physicists, discussed the results of the experiments and disclosed conflicting views. The physicists diplomatically expressed doubt, saying that the current measured might have been similar, although weaker, to that found in already dead animals and therefore could be traced to physicochemical processes. A debate developed at the Congress and continued afterwards. This significant episode helped keep the question of animal electricity open in Italy, stimulating the development of new electrophysiological studies in the following decade.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"25 1-2","pages":"3 - 40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00016-023-00296-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4408546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Vital Physics 重要的物理
IF 0.4 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2023-03-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-023-00297-z
Robert L. Naylor, Joseph D. Martin, Richard Staley
{"title":"Vital Physics","authors":"Robert L. Naylor,&nbsp;Joseph D. Martin,&nbsp;Richard Staley","doi":"10.1007/s00016-023-00297-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00016-023-00297-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"25 1-2","pages":"1 - 2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4827997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Small Physics 小的物理
IF 0.4 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2023-01-17 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-022-00295-7
Joseph D. Martin, Robert L. Naylor, Richard Staley
{"title":"Small Physics","authors":"Joseph D. Martin,&nbsp;Robert L. Naylor,&nbsp;Richard Staley","doi":"10.1007/s00016-022-00295-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00016-022-00295-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"24 4","pages":"179 - 180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4680559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Laboratory Life Instead of Nuclear Weapons: A New Perspective on the German Uranium Club 实验室生活代替核武器:德国铀俱乐部的新视角
IF 0.4 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2023-01-11 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-022-00294-8
Christian Forstner
{"title":"Laboratory Life Instead of Nuclear Weapons: A New Perspective on the German Uranium Club","authors":"Christian Forstner","doi":"10.1007/s00016-022-00294-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00016-022-00294-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Why did German physicists not build an atomic bomb during the Second World War? This question has long been controversial. This essay provides a new perspective through a focus on the everyday practice of the physicists in their laboratories. The study of everyday research work has long been obscured by the question of the bomb. To this end, the research of the Viennese group in the German <i>Uranverein</i>, or “Uranium Club,” will be analyzed in detail. What breaks and continuities were there in everyday laboratory practice? Were the physicists able to acquire new resources? Did they at least come close to the scale of Big Science or did their research remain tied to the academic laboratory?</p></div>","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"24 4","pages":"181 - 207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00016-022-00294-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4757388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
(Mis)Translating Entropy?: Camille Flammarion and the Multiple Theologies of the Death of the Universe 熵(Mis)翻译吗?:卡米尔·弗拉马里昂和宇宙死亡的多重理论
IF 0.4 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2022-12-23 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-022-00293-9
Nadya D. Kelly
{"title":"(Mis)Translating Entropy?: Camille Flammarion and the Multiple Theologies of the Death of the Universe","authors":"Nadya D. Kelly","doi":"10.1007/s00016-022-00293-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00016-022-00293-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>By the 1860s, the tendency of matter toward increasing chaos—or entropy—had become a fundamental tenet of the new science of thermodynamics. But in Victorian Britain, the ramifications of this second law of thermodynamics for a Christian conception of a progressive universe remained subject to heated ideological debate. Historians of thermodynamics have held up French astronomer Camille Flammarion’s popular science fiction as comprehensive evidence that this entropic–theological debate was widespread across disciplines, media, and cultures. I show that Flammarion’s argument has been misrepresented. Not only did Flammarion not employ entropic heat-death metaphors at all—instead evoking a hot apocalypse—but he interpreted entropy through a distinctive theology, at odds with that of British scientists. A study of Flammarion’s theology, concept of entropy, and novels exhibits how investigating influential popular works can dismantle assumptions about the geographic and religious scope of the entropic–theological debate.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"24 4","pages":"208 - 222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00016-022-00293-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4890284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Not Just Boys at Via Panisperna: Women at the Royal Physics Institute in Rome 潘尼斯佩纳大街上不只是男孩:罗马皇家物理研究所的女性
IF 0.4 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-022-00291-x
Miriam Focaccia
{"title":"Not Just Boys at Via Panisperna: Women at the Royal Physics Institute in Rome","authors":"Miriam Focaccia","doi":"10.1007/s00016-022-00291-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00016-022-00291-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper retraces the history of some of the women who attended the Royal Physics Institute of Via Panisperna in Rome, from its founding in 1881 until 1937. Much has been written about the so-called Via Panisperna boys; less known is the story of the girls who attended that same institute starting during the directorship of Pietro Blaserna. Nuclear physicist Edoardo Amaldi, in the typewritten notes in which he began to reconstruct the history of the Institute, was one of the first to document women scientists there. Starting with the first women who graduated in physics at the Institute, and also considering the political and institutional context, I reconstruct the stories of Nella Mortara, Laura Capon, and Ginestra Giovene. The latter two later became the wives, respectively, of Enrico Fermi and Amaldi.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"24 2-3","pages":"154 - 177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00016-022-00291-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4100165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“Philosophysics” at the University of Vienna: The (Pre-)History of Foundations of Quantum Physics in the Viennese Cultural Context 维也纳大学的“哲学”:维也纳文化背景下量子物理学基础的(前)历史
IF 0.4 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-022-00290-y
Flavio Del Santo, Emanuel Schwarzhans
{"title":"“Philosophysics” at the University of Vienna: The (Pre-)History of Foundations of Quantum Physics in the Viennese Cultural Context","authors":"Flavio Del Santo,&nbsp;Emanuel Schwarzhans","doi":"10.1007/s00016-022-00290-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00016-022-00290-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Vienna today is one of the capitals of research on foundations of quantum physics. We reconstruct the development of modern physics in Vienna, with a focus on foundations of quantum mechanics (FQM), which is a sub-field of quantum mechanics. We show that the influence of Erwin Schrödinger and, in more recent years, the initiatives of Anton Zeilinger—the two main intuitive reasons—cannot alone account for today’s outstanding research landscape on FQM in Vienna. We highlight four additional factors that played a crucial role in the development of foundational research in Vienna: 1) the Viennese heritage of the cultural golden age just before World War II; 2) the long-lasting institutional connection between the faculty of physics and philosophy; 3) a rise of several initiatives that gave forum to the interplay of physics and philosophy; and 4) the influence of several external scholars in the Viennese scientific landscape. Our analysis is informed by interviews with the most pertinent scientists, a detailed survey of the relevant social networks, and review of the main primary literature.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"24 2-3","pages":"125 - 153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00016-022-00290-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4703800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Physics and Philosophy—Uneasy Bedfellows? 物理学和哲学——不安的同床共枕?
IF 0.4 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-022-00292-w
Robert L. Naylor, Joseph D. Martin, Richard Staley
{"title":"Physics and Philosophy—Uneasy Bedfellows?","authors":"Robert L. Naylor,&nbsp;Joseph D. Martin,&nbsp;Richard Staley","doi":"10.1007/s00016-022-00292-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00016-022-00292-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"24 2-3","pages":"97 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5169935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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