Diabetes epidemiology and management最新文献

{"title":"Increase in diabetic deaths during COVID-19 pandemic. Some comments","authors":"Salvatore Chirumbolo","doi":"10.1016/j.deman.2024.100238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.deman.2024.100238","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72796,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes epidemiology and management","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100238"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142427573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of vitamin D status in obese and non-obese patients: A case-control study","authors":"Salma Derbel ,&nbsp;Lamiae Zarraa ,&nbsp;Imane Assarrar ,&nbsp;Nisrine Bouichrat ,&nbsp;Siham Rouf ,&nbsp;Hanane Latrech","doi":"10.1016/j.deman.2024.100237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.deman.2024.100237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Vitamin D is an essential component of healthy bones and its deficiency is widespread in obese patients. Through our study, we aimed to look into vitamin D status in obese and non-obese patients and determine its association with hypertension, glucose levels, and lipid profiles.</p></div><div><h3>Patients and methods</h3><p>A case-control study was laid out to compare serum Vitamin D levels between obese patients and controls. Obese patients (<em>n</em>= 67) over 18 years old were recruited from our Endocrinology-Diabetology and Nutrition department between March 2018 and September 2023. Controls (<em>n</em> = 60) were randomly assigned and were matched for age, sex, glycated hemoglobin, ethnicity, and geographic area. The levels of Vitamin D in the serum were determined in obese patients and non-obese controls.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Average serum Vitamin D concentration was established in both groups, reaching 10,41±4,2 ng/ml in obese patients and 15,14±6,1 ng/ml in the control group. The mean serum Vitamin D was significantly lower in the obese group (<em>p</em> = 0,000). A positive correlation was noticed between body fat and serum Vitamin D (<em>p</em> &lt; 0,05). A significant correlation between vitamin D status and glycated hemoglobin in the obese group (<em>p</em> = 0,047) was found, whereas it was insignificant in the control group (<em>p</em> = 0,966). In addition, the correlation between vitamin D, blood pressure, and body mass index was significant (<em>p</em> <em>=</em> 0.004) as well as between vitamin D and triglycerides (<em>p</em> <em>=</em> 0.015) and cholesterol (<em>p</em> <em>=</em> 0.014).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Vitamin D deficiency is common in obese patients, as highlighted by our study, which is in line with other findings. This may be explained by the fact that vitamin D must be supplied at a greater volume in obese patients. A significant correlation between BMI, vitamin D, glycated hemoglobin, blood pressure, triglycerides, and total cholesterol was found. The pathophysiology behind this association is complex. Further research is needed to clarify the relationship between vitamin D, adipose tissue, and the other components of metabolic syndrome.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72796,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes epidemiology and management","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100237"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666970624000416/pdfft?md5=6312261234fdc2e5e815735d8c34c4e9&pid=1-s2.0-S2666970624000416-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on diabetes-related mortality","authors":"Camilla Mattiuzzi,&nbsp;Giuseppe Lippi","doi":"10.1016/j.deman.2024.100236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.deman.2024.100236","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72796,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes epidemiology and management","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100236"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666970624000404/pdfft?md5=a532904d865fc649ee8f0692d0d710cd&pid=1-s2.0-S2666970624000404-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141961092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diabetes in pregnancy: Anxious minds precarious times","authors":"Ahmed Hasan,&nbsp;Almas Zafar","doi":"10.1016/j.deman.2024.100235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.deman.2024.100235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gestational diabetes is a prevalent condition that affects up to 24.2 % of women in South-East Asia. A study conducted in Iran highlighted the correlation between gestational diabetes and anxiety/depression. Improvements can be made by conducting a cohort study to better establish the causality between the compounding factors of mental health and gestational diabetes. Additionally, conducting a follow-up study in a region with a higher incidence of gestational diabetes, such as South-East Asia, can broaden the geographic distribution of the available data. We must promote awareness campaigns highlighting this correlation to improve holistic healthcare strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72796,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes epidemiology and management","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100235"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666970624000398/pdfft?md5=fec62aa64c34fd7b15ca81914bd6bdbf&pid=1-s2.0-S2666970624000398-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141843525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary care monitoring of HbA1c tests in type 2 diabetic patients in Northern France and impact of the successive COVID-19 pandemic containments","authors":"Dr. Julie Demoule ,&nbsp;Dr. Paul Quindroit ,&nbsp;Dr. Camille Frévent ,&nbsp;Prof. Dr. Claire Collins ,&nbsp;Prof. Dr. Emmanuel Chazard ,&nbsp;Prof. Dr. Jean-Baptiste Beuscart ,&nbsp;Prof. Dr. Christophe Berkhout ,&nbsp;Dr. Matthieu Calafiore ,&nbsp;Dr. François Quersin","doi":"10.1016/j.deman.2024.100233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.deman.2024.100233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>French health authorities recommend the testing of HbA1c every 3 to 6 months in patients with diabetes. The successive containments linked to the SARSCoV-2 pandemic may have had a profound impact on the follow-up of diabetic patients in primary care. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of containments on the volume of HbA1c assays and on HbA1c values of type 2 diabetic patients monitored in primary care in Northern France compared to usual seasonal variations.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Epidemiological study of a multicentre retrospective cohort, collecting the number and the value of HbA1c assays from type 2 diabetic patients, carried out in 73 private medical analysis laboratories in Northern France region between October 1, 2018 and October 31, 2022.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 196,744 patients and 828,037 tests were included. The first and third containments were associated with a significant decrease in the mean number of performed HbA1c tests, the decrease in the 2nd containment did not reach significance. We observed a significant decrease in HbA1c testing during the winter holiday season and the summer months. The variations in HbA1c values were not substantial compared to seasonal variations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72796,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes epidemiology and management","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100233"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666970624000386/pdfft?md5=cd9b06e986a7d80d6a6750bae1c21f51&pid=1-s2.0-S2666970624000386-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141540065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of a Support Tool for Diabetes Control in primary care – A Qualitative study with primary care staff","authors":"Ricko Damberg Nissen,&nbsp;Jesper Bo Nielsen","doi":"10.1016/j.deman.2024.100228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.deman.2024.100228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>In Denmark, the primary responsibility for treatment of patients with diabetes has shifted from hospitals to primary care. Thus, general practice has assumed responsibility for a complex and multifaceted disease. To address this situation a stratification tool to assist the nurses in primary care in their work with diabetes patients was developed.</p></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><p>In the present study we evaluated this stratification tool.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>The evaluation was based on 18 semi-structured interviews conducted with nurses employed in primary care across Denmark, and who had experience with the stratification tool. The data was subsequently analyzed by content and thematic analyses.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The interviewees were generally positive towards the stratification tool. The analyses established three themes 1. Treatment, 2. Resources, and 3. Points of critique.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our study indicates that a combined tool for risk stratification of patients with T2D and for subsequent risk communication is perceived as positive and supportive for quality in care. It is seen to potentially reduce the resources presently allocated to well-regulated and stable T2D patients. These resources will eventually be available for other patients. The positive reception by nurses supports that tools like the Diabetes Control Support Tool could be developed and implemented in general practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72796,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes epidemiology and management","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100228"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666970624000337/pdfft?md5=9c4c5a22cb9a7b99acc7e735767daafd&pid=1-s2.0-S2666970624000337-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141540064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ramadan fasting among adults with type 2 diabetes in five geographically different regions of the world: The DAR 2020 global survey","authors":"Mohamed Hassanein ,&nbsp;M Yakoob Ahmedani ,&nbsp;Inass Shaltout ,&nbsp;Majid Alabbood ,&nbsp;Mehmet Akif Buyukbese ,&nbsp;Khadija Hafidh ,&nbsp;Shehla Shaikh ,&nbsp;Lobna F. El Toony ,&nbsp;Rakesh Kumar Sahay ,&nbsp;Mohammed Ali Batais ,&nbsp;Eman Alfadhli ,&nbsp;Md Farid Uddin ,&nbsp;Abdulaziz F Alfadhly ,&nbsp;Mohan T Shenoy ,&nbsp;Adibah Salleh ,&nbsp;Naweed Alzaman ,&nbsp;Eman Sheshah ,&nbsp;Benabed Kebira ,&nbsp;Reem Alamoudi ,&nbsp;Zanariah Hussein","doi":"10.1016/j.deman.2024.100229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.deman.2024.100229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><p>The DAR 2020 survey summarised fasting practices and complications in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) who fasted during Ramadan, and impact of pre-Ramadan diabetes education towards controlling the complications.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Eight week post-Ramadan, Muslim people with T2D from 13 countries of five regions (South Asia, Southeast Asia, Gulf Nations, Middle East and North Africa) consented to answer questionnaire on breaking fast, hypoglycaemia, hyperglycaemia, Ramadan-focused diabetes education and self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Among 4889 participants who observed Ramadan fast (&gt;25 days), 51.1 % were females. Hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia was recorded mostly in North Africa (25.2 %) and Gulf Nations (30.2 %), respectively. In Middle East, 2.5 % and 3.1 % people required hospitalisation following hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia respectively. In South Asia, lowest incidents of hypoglycaemia (8.4 %) and hyperglycaemia (7.0 %) were noted. Pre-Ramadan diabetic education was received by total 45.9 % participants. SMBG was performed more frequently in North Africa (19.5 %). Metformin, Sulfonylureas and basal insulin were used most commonly in all regions.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Fasting complications occurred in each region, but well-managed by the participants, physicians and family members amidst difficult time of COVID-19. The findings promote the necessity of patient education programmes for more people with diabetes to ensure safe fasting during Ramadan.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72796,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes epidemiology and management","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100229"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666970624000349/pdfft?md5=9c2db7d84c8876d6f20cadf5fff7d45d&pid=1-s2.0-S2666970624000349-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141483329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive factors of diabetic ketoacidosis in patients with newly onset type 1 diabetes: A single center study","authors":"Siham Benouda ,&nbsp;Imane Ziani ,&nbsp;Imane Assarrar ,&nbsp;Siham Rouf ,&nbsp;Hanane Latrech","doi":"10.1016/j.deman.2024.100231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.deman.2024.100231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Diabetic ketoacidosis is a severe metabolic emergency often associated with the onset of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, with significant morbidity and mortality. Its incidence as the initial presentation of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus varies widely by country. In Morocco, there is a lack of comprehensive research on the prevalence and risk factors of diabetic ketoacidosis in children with newly diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, highlighting the need for this study.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The aim of our study was to analyze the predictive factors of diabetic ketoacidosis at the onset of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in children and adolescents at a single medical center in Morocco to develop prevention and management strategies.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A retrospective, single-center study including 200 patients aged between 1 and 18 years at Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus onset, between September 2019 and September 2023. The population was divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of diabetic ketoacidosis. Medical records provided data for analysis with SPSS v21, employing Chi-square and Student's <em>t</em>-tests, followed by logistic regression to identify predictors of diabetic ketoacidosis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Multivariate regression identified several factors that were significantly associated with diabetic ketoacidosis at presentation, including age below 5 years (OR: 3.98; <em>p</em> = 0.021 compared to 6–10 years and OR: 5.07; <em>P</em> = 0.003 compared to 11–18 years), rural living (OR: 2.95; <em>p</em> = 0.032), low family income (OR: 9.22; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), delayed diagnosis (OR: 21.27; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), longer symptom duration before diagnosis (OR: 1.02; <em>p</em> = 0.010), preceding infections (OR: 2.72; <em>p</em> = 0.019), and lower vitamin D levels (OR: 0.90; <em>p</em> = 0.011).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our findings underscore the critical need for increased awareness, education, use of point-of-care glucose testing, and targeted interventions in rural areas, in order to reduce the incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis. We also highlight the potential role of vitamin D in increasing the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis at the onset of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. This study provides important information on the present state of pediatric diabetes care in our country, and suggests target points for future interventions and research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72796,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes epidemiology and management","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100231"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666970624000362/pdfft?md5=6889502f31f8240668f7424c96c609ae&pid=1-s2.0-S2666970624000362-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141483237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthropometric measures of obesity as risk indicators for prediabetes. A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Víctor Juan Vera-Ponce ,&nbsp;Fiorella E. Zuzunaga-Montoya ,&nbsp;Luisa Erika Milagros Vásquez-Romero ,&nbsp;Joan A. Loayza-Castro ,&nbsp;Cori Raquel Iturregui Paucar ,&nbsp;Carmen Inés Gutiérrez De Carrillo ,&nbsp;Mario J. Valladares-Garrido ,&nbsp;Maritza Placencia Medina","doi":"10.1016/j.deman.2024.100230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.deman.2024.100230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Several previous studies have provided evidence that obesity is a significant risk factor for the increase in prediabetes, but there are discrepancies regarding whether all the classic ways of measuring obesity, the body mass index (BMI), the waist circumference (WC) or the Waist to height ratio (WHtR) present the same level of risk.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>to carry out a systematic review (SR) with meta-analysis to determine the association between indicators of obesity and prediabetes.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A systematic review (SR) with a meta-analysis of observational studies was performed. The search was conducted in four databases: Pubmed/Medline, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and EMBASE. Association measures were presented as odds ratios (OR), relative risk (RR), or hazard ratio (HR), together with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of the total number of manuscripts chosen, 12 had an analytical cross-sectional design, and 4 were cohort studies. For the cross-sectional studies, together they presented a statistically significant association for BMI (OR: 1.99; 95% CI 1.65 – 1.34), WC (OR: 1.41; 95% CI 1.30 – 1.54), and WHtR (OR: 2.47 IC 95 % 1.50 – 4.06). In the meta-analysis of the cohort studies, an association was found with WC (RR: 4.95; 95% CI 3.42 – 7.17) but not with BMI (HR: 1.22; 95% CI 0.81 – 1.85). There were no studies with WHtR.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>According to the results, considering cohort studies, WC could be the best risk indicator for prediabetes. There is a high degree of heterogeneity between the studies about the way obesity is measured, including the cut-off points used, so further longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate the association and confirm the results found.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72796,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes epidemiology and management","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100230"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666970624000350/pdfft?md5=f6755fe212739b3c2af790ce9df1b1af&pid=1-s2.0-S2666970624000350-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141483267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between serum high-density lipoprotein and hemoglobin A1c in T2DM: Evidence from a nationwide cross-sectional study in diabetic patients","authors":"Methavee Poochanasri ,&nbsp;Sethapong Lertsakulbunlue ,&nbsp;Chutawat Kookanok ,&nbsp;Ram Rangsin ,&nbsp;Wisit Kaewput ,&nbsp;Boonsub Sakboonyarat ,&nbsp;Mathirut Mungthin ,&nbsp;Parinya Samakkarnthai","doi":"10.1016/j.deman.2024.100232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.deman.2024.100232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is expected to rise, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. This study explores the relationship between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and glycemic control in T2DM patients, measured by hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). While HDL is known to confer cardiovascular benefits, its impact on glycemic control remains unclear.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This cross-sectional study analyzed 30,195 Thai adults with T2DM data from the 2018 Thailand DM/HT database. Well-controlled HbA1c was defined as less than 53 mmol/mol (7 %). The study utilized multivariable linear, piecewise linear, and logistic regression analyses to investigate the relationship between HDL levels and glycemic control.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The impact of HDL on HbA1c levels was nonlinear, showing a U-shaped relationship among the study participants with an HDL inflection point of 59 mg/dl. In females, a U-shaped relationship was also observed at the same inflection point, where increased HDL above this level was associated with a rise in HbA1c (Adjusted β = 0.205, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). In contrast, a linear model better explained the consistent negative relationship between HDL and HbA1c in males (Adjusted β = –0.076, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, in the poorly controlled HbA1c group, a significant U-shaped pattern was observed with an inflection point at 59 mg/dl.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study found a nonlinear, gender-specific relationship between HDL and HbA1c in T2DM patients. Males with higher HDL are more likely to achieve glycemic control, while a U-shaped relationship is observed in females. Further research is needed to understand the differing correlation between well-controlled and poorly controlled groups.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72796,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes epidemiology and management","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100232"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666970624000374/pdfft?md5=6925a89cb7b18007b10d54f8ce35a2c3&pid=1-s2.0-S2666970624000374-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141483328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}