The impact of oral health on fasting blood sugar levels in diabetic individuals: insights from the PERSIAN Guilan cohort study

Background

Managing diabetes and its complications is a global health priority. Inflammation exacerbates diabetes and contributes to complications such as periodontitis. This study investigates the impact of oral hygiene practices on fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels in diabetic individuals, focusing on the role of inflammation.

Methods

This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 2365 diabetic participants without dentures in the PERSIAN Guilan Cohort Study. Oral health variables included tooth brushing frequency, flossing, mouthwash usage, and DMFT scores. Diabetes status was classified based on FBS test results and/or self-report of physician-diagnosed diabetes and/or hypoglycemic drug use. Statistical analyses included ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and linear regression.

Results

Diabetic individuals who did not brush their teeth had significantly higher FBS levels (mean FBS: 153.82 mg/dL) compared to those brushing once daily (138.48 mg/dL, p = 0.006). A lower frequency of tooth brushing was associated with higher FBS levels (β = -2.994, p = 0.017). The DMFT score was positively correlated with FBS (Pearson correlation = 0.057, p = 0.005). Flossing and mouthwash usage were not significantly associated with FBS levels.

Conclusion

Enhancing oral health is particularly crucial for individuals with diabetes, as it can lead to improved glycemic control. However, it is essential to interpret these findings with caution due to the potential influence of confounding factors.