Development & reproduction最新文献

{"title":"Differential Expressions of Aquaporin Subtypes in the Adult Mouse Testis.","authors":"Elsayed A Mohamed,&nbsp;Ji Woo Im,&nbsp;Dong-Hwan Kim,&nbsp;Hae-Rahn Bae","doi":"10.12717/DR.2022.26.2.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12717/DR.2022.26.2.59","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many efforts have been made to study the expression of aquaporins (AQP) in the mammalian reproductive system, but there are not enough data available regarding their localized expression to fully understand their specific roles in male reproduction. The present study investigated the expression and localization patterns of different AQP subtypes in the adult mouse testes and testicular spermatozoa using an immunofluorescence assay. All the studied AQPs were expressed in the testes and revealed subtype-specific patterns in the intensity and localization depending on the cell types of the testes. AQP7 was the most abundant and intensive AQP subtype in the seminiferous tubules, expressing in Leydig cells and Sertoli cells as well as all stages of germ cells, especially the spermatids and testicular spermatozoa. The expression pattern of AQP3 was similar to that of AQP7, but with higher expression in the basal and lower adluminal compartments rather than the upper adluminalcompartment. AQP8 expression was limited to the spermatogonia and Leydig cells whereas AQP9 expression was exclusive to tails of the testicular spermatozoa and elongated spermatids. Taken together, the abundance and distribution of the AQPs across the different cell types in the testes indicating to their relavance in spermatogenesis, as well as in sperm maturation, transition, and function.</p>","PeriodicalId":72791,"journal":{"name":"Development & reproduction","volume":"26 2","pages":"59-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/76/13/dr-26-2-59.PMC9336216.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40599995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expressional Evaluation of C/EBP Family, SREBP1, and Steroid Hormone Receptors in the Epididiymal Fat of Postnatally Developing Mouse.","authors":"Yong-Seung Lee,&nbsp;Ki-Ho Lee","doi":"10.12717/DR.2022.26.2.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12717/DR.2022.26.2.49","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The differentiation and development of preadipocyte into mature adipocyte <i>ar</i>e regulated by transcription factors, such as CCAAT enhancer binding protein (<i>Cebp</i>) gene family and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (<i>Srebp1</i>). Steroid hormones give influences on the development and function of adipocyte. The present rese<i>ar</i>ch examined expression patterns of CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha (<i>Cebpa</i>), CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta (<i>Cebpb</i>), CCAAT enhancer binding protein gamma (<i>Cebpg</i>), sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (<i>Srebp1</i>), androgen receptor (<i>Ar</i>), and estrogen receptors (<i>Esr</i>) among different epididymal fat p<i>ar</i>ts during postnatal period by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. In the distal epididymal fat, expression of <i>Cebpa</i>, <i>Cebpb</i>, <i>Cebpg</i>, <i>Srebp1</i>, <i>Ar</i>, and <i>Esr</i>2 was increased until 12 months of age, while expression of <i>Esr1</i> was decreased at 5 months of age and was not detectable after 8 months of age. In the proximal epididymal fat, transcript levels of <i>Cebps</i> and <i>Srebp1</i> were increased at 8 months of age, followed by decreases of <i>Cebpb</i> and <i>Cebpg</i> transcript levels at 12 months of age. An additional increase of <i>Srebp1</i> expression was observed at 12 months of age. Expression of <i>Ar</i> and <i>Esr</i>2 were increased until 8 months of age, followed by a drop of <i>Ar</i> expression level at 12 months of age. Expression pattern of <i>Esr1</i> was simil<i>ar</i> to that in the distal epididymal fat. In the tail epididymal fat, expression of <i>Cebpa</i>, <i>Cebpg</i>, <i>Srebp1</i>, <i>Ar</i>, and <i>Esr</i>2 was increased with age. <i>Esr1</i> was not detectable at all. The highest level of <i>Cebpb</i> was observed at 8 months of age. These data suggest the possibility of developmental and functional differentiation among the epididymal fat p<i>ar</i>ts.</p>","PeriodicalId":72791,"journal":{"name":"Development & reproduction","volume":"26 2","pages":"49-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b7/e8/dr-26-2-49.PMC9336211.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40599994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expressions of Gonadotropin Subunit Genes in the Reproductively Inactive Golden Hamsters.","authors":"Donchan Choi","doi":"10.12717/DR.2022.26.2.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12717/DR.2022.26.2.37","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Photoperiod has well been established to regulate testicular activities in golden hamsters. These animals breed actively around summer but become infertile in winter. In males, testicles are full of multistep germ cells including spermatozoa in summer. But in winter only fundamental cells consisting of the testicles are detected. The testicular degeneration is accompanied by the reduced levels of blood gonadotropins and testosterone. In this study, the expressions of gonadotropin subunit genes were investigated in the reproductive active and inactive testicles. And parts of sequences of the gonadotropin subunits were identified and compared with those of other rodents. As results, common gonadotropin alpha (CGa), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) β, and luteinizing hormone (LH) β genes were equivalently detected in pituitaries of both sexually active and inactive animals. In considering low concentrations of gonadotropin hormones determined in pituitary, the present findings imply that the processes involved in translation and/or formation of functional hormones could be impeded in the sexually inactive hamsters. All the nucleotide sequences of gonadotropin subunits identified in this study were same as those reported previously except for one base in CGa. An unsure amino acid deduced from the CGa sequence was confirmed from mRNA sequencing. The outcomes mentioned above suggest that animals with regressed testes prepare for the sexually active period forthcoming in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":72791,"journal":{"name":"Development & reproduction","volume":"26 2","pages":"37-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/bf/7f/dr-26-2-37.PMC9336214.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40599996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Signal Transduction of C-Terminal Phosphorylation Regions for Equine Luteinizing Hormone/Chorionic Gonadotropin Receptor (eLH/CGR)","authors":"Munkhzaya Byambaragchaa, Hyo-Eun Joo, Sang-Gwon Kim, Yean-Ji Kim, Gyeong-Eun Park, K. Min","doi":"10.12717/DR.2022.26.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12717/DR.2022.26.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study aimed to investigate the signal transduction of phosphorylation sites at the carboxyl (C)-terminal region of equine luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor (eLH/ CGR). The eLH/CGR has a large extracellular domain of glycoprotein hormone receptors within the G protein-coupled receptors. We constructed a mutant (eLH/CGR-t656) of eLH/ CGR, in which the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail was truncated at the Phe656 residue, through polymerase chain reaction. The eLH/CGR-t656 removed 14 potential phosphorylation sites in the intracellular C-terminal region. The plasmids were transfected into Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 and PathHunter Parental cells expressing β-arrestin, and agonist-induced cAMP responsiveness was analyzed. In CHO-K1 cells, those expressing eLH/CGR-t656 were lower than those expressing eLH/CGR wild-type (eLH/CGR-wt). The EC50 of the eLH/ CGR-t656 mutant was approximately 72.2% of the expression observed in eLH/CGR-wt. The maximal response in eLH/CGR-t656 also decreased to approximately 43% of that observed in eLH/CGR-wt. However, in PathHunter Parental cells, cAMP activity and maximal response of the eLH/CGR-t656 mutant were approximately 173.5% and 100.8%, respectively, of that of eLH/CGR-wt. These results provide evidence that the signal transduction of C-terminal phosphorylation in eLH/CGR plays a pivotal role in CHO-K1 cells. The cAMP level was recovered in PathHunter Parental cells expressing β-arrestin. We suggest that the signal transduction of the C-terminal region phosphorylation sites is remarkably different depending on the cells expressing β-arrestin in CHO-K1 cells.","PeriodicalId":72791,"journal":{"name":"Development & reproduction","volume":"26 1","pages":"1 - 12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44871051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression and Functional Analysis of cofilin1-like in Craniofacial Development in Zebrafish","authors":"Sil Jin, Haewon Jeon, Chong Pyo Choe","doi":"10.12717/DR.2022.26.1.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12717/DR.2022.26.1.23","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Pharyngeal pouches, a series of outgrowths of the pharyngeal endoderm, are a key epithelial structure governing facial skeleton development in vertebrates. Pouch formation is achieved through collective cell migration and rearrangement of pouch-forming cells controlled by actin cytoskeleton dynamics. While essential transcription factors and signaling molecules have been identified in pouch formation, regulators of actin cytoskeleton dynamics have not been reported yet in any vertebrates. Cofilin1-like (Cfl1l) is a fish-specific member of the Actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)/Cofilin family, a critical regulator of actin cytoskeleton dynamics in eukaryotic cells. Here, we report the expression and function of cfl1l in pouch development in zebrafish. We first showed that fish cfl1l might be an ortholog of vertebrate adf, based on phylogenetic analysis of vertebrate adf and cfl genes. During pouch formation, cfl1l was expressed sequentially in the developing pouches but not in the posterior cell mass in which future pouch-forming cells are present. However, pouches, as well as facial cartilages whose development is dependent upon pouch formation, were unaffected by loss-of-function mutations in cfl1l. Although it could not be completely ruled out a possibility of a genetic redundancy of Cfl1l with other Cfls, our results suggest that the cfl1l expression in the developing pouches might be dispensable for regulating actin cytoskeleton dynamics in pouch-forming cells.","PeriodicalId":72791,"journal":{"name":"Development & reproduction","volume":"26 1","pages":"23 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45624002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of Pituitary Cells and Tissues to Neurokinin B and F in the Nile tilapia","authors":"Seong Hee Mun, H. J. Oh, J. Kwon","doi":"10.12717/DR.2022.26.1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12717/DR.2022.26.1.13","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Neurokinin B (NKB) is a neuropeptide involved in the regulation of reproductive endocrine system of vertebrate animals, including fish. However, the pathway of NKB action in fish has not been clearly elucidated. In order to clarify the effect of NKB and NKF (neurokinin F) on gonadotropic hormone (GTH) gene expression in the pituitary, we studied the changes of LHβ and FSHβ gene expressions by using two different pituitary culture methods (whole pituitary culture or dispersed pituitary cell culture). Pituitaries were removed from mature female and male Nile tilapia. Changes of LHβ and FSHβ gene expressions were measured and compared after the treatment with NKB or NKF peptides at concentrations 0 to 1,000 nM. Expression of GTH genes in the whole pituitary cultures treated with NKB or NKF peptides did not show significant difference except in female at one concentration when treated with NKF. On the contrary, there were significant changes of GTH gene expressions in the dispersed pituitary cell cultures when treated with NKB and NKF peptides. These results suggest that dispersed pituitary cell culture is more relevant than whole pituitary culture in studying the function of pituitary, and that NKB and NKF could act directly on the pituitary to regulate the expression of GTH genes.","PeriodicalId":72791,"journal":{"name":"Development & reproduction","volume":"26 1","pages":"13 - 21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47001329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Chronic-Low-Dose Exposing of DEHP with OECD TG 443 Altered the Histological Characteristics and Steroidogeic Gene Expression of Adrenal Gland in Female Mice.","authors":"Bo Young Lee,&nbsp;Jeong Bin Jo,&nbsp;Donchan Choi,&nbsp;Sung-Ho Lee,&nbsp;Yong-Pil Cheon","doi":"10.12717/DR.2021.25.4.257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12717/DR.2021.25.4.257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phthalates and their metabolites are well-known endocrine disrupting chemicals. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) has been widely used in industry and the exposing possibility to adult is high. In this study, DEHP was treated (133 μg/L and 1,330 μg/L in drinking water) according to the OECD test guideline 443 to mature female mice and their adrenal gland were examined for histological characteristics and steroidogenic gene expression. The wet weight of the adrenal gland was increased in all administrated groups compared to control. The diameter of zona fasciculata (ZF) was increased by DEHP in both outer ZF and inner ZF but there was no difference in morphology of the cells and arrangements into zona between groups. In addition, the arrangement of extracellular matrix was not different between control and DEHP groups. CYP11B1 was mainly localized at ZF and the intensity was not different between groups. DAX1 was localized in zona glomerulosa (ZG) and ZF, and its expression levels were decreased by DEHP administration. Its level was lower in DEHP133 group than DEHP1330 group. On the other hand, CYP17A1 was localized in ZG of DEHP1330 group. These results suggest that chronic low-dose DEHP exposing may modify the microstructure and function of the adrenal cortical cortex.</p>","PeriodicalId":72791,"journal":{"name":"Development & reproduction","volume":"25 4","pages":"257-268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/01/05/dr-25-4-257.PMC8807134.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39767381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impairment of Thyroid Hormones Homeostasis after Short-Term Exposure to Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in Adolescent Male Rats.","authors":"Sang-Yon Kim,&nbsp;Yeon-Pyo Hong,&nbsp;Yun-Jung Yang","doi":"10.12717/DR.2021.25.4.293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12717/DR.2021.25.4.293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) could induce metabolic disorders through interfering with thyroid homeostasis. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of short term to environmental relevant doses of DEHP on thyroid hormones. Four week old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were treated with vehicle (corn oil), and DEHP 0.75, 7.5, and 150 mg/kg/day. The rats were treated with once daily by oral gavage and were sacrificed with after 1 week. They were measured body weight and relative thyroid weight, serum thyroid hormones and histological changes of thyroid. There was no difference in body weight between the control and DEHP exposed rats. Relative thyroid weight in DEHP 150 mg/kg/day treated group was significantly lower than control. Serum thyroxine levels was decreased in rats exposed to 0.75 and 150 mg/kg/day DEHP. No histological changes were observed in the thyroid of rats administered DEHP compared to control. Exposure to DEHP at environmental relevant levels, even short-term exposure, can cause hypothyroidism in adolescent rats even the exposure period is relative short.</p>","PeriodicalId":72791,"journal":{"name":"Development & reproduction","volume":"25 4","pages":"293-298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a7/99/dr-25-4-293.PMC8807126.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39781492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gonadal Changes during the Annual Reproductive Cycle of the Ascidian <i>Halocynthia aurantium</i> (Pallas).","authors":"Wang Jong Lee,&nbsp;Gil Jung Kim","doi":"10.12717/DR.2021.25.4.299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12717/DR.2021.25.4.299","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ascidian <i>Halocynthia aurantium</i> (sea peach), a marine invertebrate, belongs to the same genus of the phylum Chordata along with the ascidian <i>Halocynthia roretzi</i> (sea pineapple), which is one of the model animals in the field of developmental biology. The characteristics of development and reproduction of <i>H. aurantium</i> are not yet known in detail. In order to find out the spawning period of <i>H. aurantium</i>, we investigated development of the gonads during the annual reproductive cycle. Testis and ovary were both in the bisexual gonads (ovotestes) of <i>H. aurantium</i>, which is a hermaphrodite like <i>H. roretzi</i>. In <i>H. aurantium</i>, the right gonad was longer and slightly larger than the left gonad throughout the year. In each gonad, the number of the testis gonoducts was slightly higher than that of the ovary gonoducts. These features were similarly observed in <i>H. roretzi</i>. However, the number of the testis gonoducts and the ovary gonoducts in each gonad of <i>H. aurantium</i> was about half that of <i>H. roretzi</i>. The gonads of <i>H. aurantium</i> contracted during the winter and summer seasons. The gonads decreased to the smallest size around February, and then started to increase again in March. The gonads were most developed in September of the year. Therefore, it is estimated that the spawning of <i>H. aurantium</i> begins around this period.</p>","PeriodicalId":72791,"journal":{"name":"Development & reproduction","volume":"25 4","pages":"299-303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a6/cd/dr-25-4-299.PMC8807128.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39781493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deficiency of Formyl Peptide Receptor 2 Retards Hair Regeneration by Modulating the Activation of Hair Follicle Stem Cells and Dermal Papilla Cells in Mice.","authors":"Jinsol Han,&nbsp;Chanbin Lee,&nbsp;Youngmi Jung","doi":"10.12717/DR.2021.25.4.279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12717/DR.2021.25.4.279","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hair loss is one of the most common chronic diseases, with a detrimental effect on a patient's psychosocial life. Hair loss results from damage to the hair follicle (HF) and/or hair regeneration cycle. Various damaging factors, such as hereditary, inflammation, and aging, impair hair regeneration by inhibiting the activation of hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) and dermal papilla cells (DPCs). Formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) regulates the inflammatory response and the activity of various types of stem cells, and has recently been reported to have a protective effect on hair loss. Given that stem cell activity is the driving force for hair regeneration, we hypothesized that FPR2 influences hair regeneration by mediating HFSC activity. To prove this hypothesis, we investigated the role of FPR2 in hair regeneration using Fpr2 knockout (KO) mice. Fpr2 KO mice were found to have excessive hair loss and abnormal HF structures and skin layer construction compared to wild-type (WT) mice. The levels of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) and <i>β</i>-catenin, which promote HF regeneration, were significantly decreased, and the expression of bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp)2/4, an inhibitor of the anagen phase, was significantly increased in Fpr2 KO mice compared to WT mice. The proliferation of HFSCs and DPCs was significantly lower in Fpr2 KO mice than in WT mice. These findings demonstrate that FPR2 impacts signaling molecules that regulate HF regeneration, and is involved in the proliferation of HFSCs and DPCs, exerting a protective effect on hair loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":72791,"journal":{"name":"Development & reproduction","volume":"25 4","pages":"279-291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ff/94/dr-25-4-279.PMC8807127.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39767383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}