Development & reproduction最新文献

{"title":"Genetic Distances of Binary Pen Shell Atrina pectinata Populations","authors":"Jong-Man Yoon","doi":"10.12717/DR.2022.26.3.127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12717/DR.2022.26.3.127","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The seven oligonucleotides primers were consumed to produce the quantity of unique loci shared to each pen shell team (ULSEPT) and quantity of loci shared by the binary pen shell teams. 154 quantities of LSBPP, with a mediocre of 22.0 per primer, were noticed in the binary pen shell (Atrina pectinata) teams. 328 fragments were recognized in the pen shell team A (PSTA), and 257 in the pen shell team B (PSTB): 77 quantities of ULSEPT (23.48%) in the PSTA and 121 (47.08%) in the PSTB. The band-sharing amount (BS amount) between entity’s no. 01 and no. 05 was the highest (0.884) between the binary PSTs. The median band-sharing amount of entities in the PSTA (0.685±0.011) was higher than in those invented from the PSTB (0.640±0.009) (p<0.05). The highest genetic distance presenting substantial molecular difference was between entities PECTINATA no. 06 and PECTINATA no. 04 (0.498). Through this study, it is possible a certain degree to contribute to increasing the cultivation of pen shells, conservation of species, protection of the natural environment, and preservation of ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":72791,"journal":{"name":"Development & reproduction","volume":"26 1","pages":"127 - 133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48848769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transforming Stimulated Clone 22 (TSC-22) Interacts Directly with Bromodomain-Containing Protein 7 (BRD7) to Enhance the Inhibition of Extracellular Signal-Regulate Kinase (ERK) Pathway in Ovarian Cancer","authors":"Seung-Hoon Lee, D. Choi","doi":"10.12717/DR.2022.26.3.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12717/DR.2022.26.3.117","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Bromodomain-containing protein 7 (BRD7) participates in many cellular processes and embryo development. BRD7 is down-regulated in various cancers and evidence of its tumor suppressor function has been accumulating. Here, we identified transforming stimulated clone 22 (TSC-22) as a novel BRD7 interacting protein and show its novel function as a positive regulator of BRD7. We found that TSC-22 expression potentiated the inactivation of the extracellular signal-regulate kinase (ERK) pathway by BRD7. Our data establishes TSC-22 as a modulator of BRD7 and unravels the molecular mechanisms that drive the synergistic tumor-suppressing effects of TSC-22 and BRD7. Our findings may open new avenues for developing novel molecular therapies for tumors exhibiting down-regulated BRD7 and/or TSC-22.","PeriodicalId":72791,"journal":{"name":"Development & reproduction","volume":"26 1","pages":"117 - 126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48762447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Styrene Cytotoxicity in Testicular Leydig Cells In Vitro","authors":"Jin-Yong Chung, J. Park, Y. Kim, Seung-Jin Lee, Wook-Joon Yu, Jong-Min Kim","doi":"10.12717/DR.2022.26.3.99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12717/DR.2022.26.3.99","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Styrene is the precursor of polystyrene. Human exposure to styrene could occur in occupational and residential settings and via food intake. Styrene is metabolized to styrene-7,8-oxide by cytochrome P450 enzyme. In the present study, we investigated the cytotoxicity mediated by styrene and styrene-7,8-oxide in TM3 testicular Leydig cells in vitro. We first monitored the nuclear fragmentation in Leydig cells after exposure to styrene or styrene-7,8-oxide. Hoechst 33258 cell staining showed that styrene exposure in TM3 Leydig cells did not exhibit nuclear fragmentation at any concentration. In contrast, nuclear fragmentation was seen in styrene-7,8-oxide-exposed cells. These results indicate that cytotoxicity-mediated cell death in Leydig cells is more susceptible to styrene-7,8-oxide than to styrene. Following styrene treatment, procaspase-3 and XIAP protein levels did not show significant changes, and cleaved (active) forms of caspase-3 were not detected. Consistent with the western blot results, the active forms of caspase-3 and XIAP proteins were not prominently altered in the cytoplasm of cells treated with styrene. In contrast to styrene, styrene-7,8-oxide induced cell death in an apoptotic fashion, as seen in caspase-3 activation and increased the expression of XIAP proteins. Taken together, the results obtained in this study demonstrate a fundamental idea that Leydig cells are capable of protecting themselves from cytotoxicity-mediated apoptosis as a result of styrene exposure in vitro. It remains unclear whether the steroid-producing function, i.e., steroidogenesis, of Leydig cells is also unaffected by exposure to styrene. Therefore, further studies are needed to elucidate the endocrine disrupting potential of styrene in Leydig cells.","PeriodicalId":72791,"journal":{"name":"Development & reproduction","volume":"26 1","pages":"99 - 105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44983696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drp1 Expression and Phosphorylation in Steroidogenic Corpus Luteum during the Estrous Cycle in Rat Ovaries.","authors":"Ji-Eun Park,&nbsp;Seung Gee Lee,&nbsp;Young Hyun Yoo,&nbsp;Jong-Min Kim","doi":"10.12717/DR.2022.26.2.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12717/DR.2022.26.2.71","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In response to luteinizing hormone (LH), a higher concentration of progesterone (P4) is produced in luteal cells of corpus luteum (CL). Mitochondria are an essential cellular organelle in steroidogenesis. The specific engagement of the concept regarding mitochondrial shaping with early stages of steroidogenesis was suggested in reproductive endocrine cells. Although the specific involvement of GTPase dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) with steroidogenesis has been demonstrated in luteal cells of bovine CL <i>in vitro</i>, its actual relationship with ovarian steroidogenesis during the estrous cycle remains unknown. In this study, while Fis1 and Opa1 protein levels did not show significant changes during the estrous cycle, Drp1, Mfn1, and Mfn2 proteins exhibited relatively lower levels at proestrus than at estrus or diestrus. 3<i>β</i>-HSD showed higher levels at proestrus than at estrus or diestrus. In addition, Drp1 phosphorylation (s637) was higher in proestrus than in estrus or diestrus. Immune-positive cells for Drp1, pDrp1 (s637), and 3<i>β</i>-HSD were all localized in the cytoplasm of luteal cells in the CL. The immune-positive cells for 3<i>β</i>-HSD were more frequently seen in the CL at proestrus than at estrus or diestrus. Immunoreactivity for Drp1 in luteal cells at proestrus was weaker than that at estrus or diestrus. However, pDrp1 (s637) immune-positive cells were mostly detected in luteal cells at proestrus. These results imply that steroidogenesis (P4 production) in the CL is closely related to phosphorylation of Drp1 at serine 637. Taken together, this study presents evidence that Drp1 phosphorylation at serine 637 is an important step in steroidogenesis in the CL.</p>","PeriodicalId":72791,"journal":{"name":"Development & reproduction","volume":"26 2","pages":"71-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a5/4d/dr-26-2-71.PMC9336213.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40709075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PCR Analysis for Genetic Distances of Two <i>Charybdis</i> Crab Populations.","authors":"Jong-Man Yoon","doi":"10.12717/DR.2022.26.2.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12717/DR.2022.26.2.91","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genomic DNA (gDNA) set apart from two populations of Korean <i>Charybdis</i> crab (<i>Charybdis japonica</i>) was augmented by PCR experiments. The five oligonucleotides primers (ONT-primers) were spent to yield the number of unique loci shared to each crab population (ULSECP) and number of loci shared by the two crab populations (LSTCP). 305 fragments (FRAGs) were identified in the <i>Charybdis</i> crab population A (CCPA), and 344 in the <i>Charybdis</i> crab population B (CCPB): 44 number of ULSECP (14.43%) in the CCPA and 110 (31.98%) in the CCPB. 44 number of LSTCP, with an average of 8.8 per primer, were detected in the two crab populations. The bandsharing (BS) value between entity's no. 01 and no. 10 was the lowest (0.371) between the two CCPs. The average bandsharing (ABS) values of individuals in the CCPA (0.575±0.014) were lesser than in those originated from the CCPB (0.705±0.011) (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The polar hierarchical dendrogram (PHD) achieved by the five ONT-primers denotes three genetic clusters (GCs): cluster I (CHARYBCRAB 01, 04, 05, 06, and 08), cluster II (CHARYBCRAB 02, 03, 07, 09, 10, and 11) and cluster III (CHARYBCRAB 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, and 22). The shortest genetic distance (GD) displaying significant molecular difference (MD) was between individuals CHARYBCRAB no. 18 and CHARYBCRAB no. 17 (0.055).</p>","PeriodicalId":72791,"journal":{"name":"Development & reproduction","volume":"26 2","pages":"91-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b4/11/dr-26-2-91.PMC9336212.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40599997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zebrafish Klf11b is Required to Maintain Cell Viability by Inhibiting p53-Mediated Apoptosis.","authors":"Hee Jeong Kong,&nbsp;Jung Jin Lee,&nbsp;Ju-Won Kim,&nbsp;Julan Kim,&nbsp;Young-Ok Kim,&nbsp;Sang-Yeob Yeo","doi":"10.12717/DR.2022.26.2.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12717/DR.2022.26.2.79","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Krüppel-like factor 10 (KLF10) regulates various cellular functions, such as proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, as well as the homeostasis of several types of tissue. In the present study, we attempted a loss-of-function analysis of zebrafish <i>Klf11a</i> and <i>Klf11b</i>, which constitute human KLF10 homologs. Embryos injected with <i>klf11b-morpholino</i> (<i>MO</i>) showed developmental retardation and cell death, whereas <i>klf11a-MO</i>-injected embryos showed normal development. In <i>klf11b-MO</i>-injected embryos, a dramatic increase in the amount of zebrafish <i>p53</i> mRNA might be the cause of the increase in that of <i>bax</i>. The degree of apoptosis decreased in the <i>klf11b-MO</i> and <i>p53-MO</i> co-injected embryos. These findings imply that KLF10 is a negative regulator of p53-dependent transcription, suggesting that the KLF10/p53 complex may play an important role in apoptosis for maintenance of tissue homeostasis during embryonic development.</p>","PeriodicalId":72791,"journal":{"name":"Development & reproduction","volume":"26 2","pages":"79-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/82/47/dr-26-2-79.PMC9336215.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40599993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential Expressions of Aquaporin Subtypes in the Adult Mouse Testis.","authors":"Elsayed A Mohamed,&nbsp;Ji Woo Im,&nbsp;Dong-Hwan Kim,&nbsp;Hae-Rahn Bae","doi":"10.12717/DR.2022.26.2.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12717/DR.2022.26.2.59","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many efforts have been made to study the expression of aquaporins (AQP) in the mammalian reproductive system, but there are not enough data available regarding their localized expression to fully understand their specific roles in male reproduction. The present study investigated the expression and localization patterns of different AQP subtypes in the adult mouse testes and testicular spermatozoa using an immunofluorescence assay. All the studied AQPs were expressed in the testes and revealed subtype-specific patterns in the intensity and localization depending on the cell types of the testes. AQP7 was the most abundant and intensive AQP subtype in the seminiferous tubules, expressing in Leydig cells and Sertoli cells as well as all stages of germ cells, especially the spermatids and testicular spermatozoa. The expression pattern of AQP3 was similar to that of AQP7, but with higher expression in the basal and lower adluminal compartments rather than the upper adluminalcompartment. AQP8 expression was limited to the spermatogonia and Leydig cells whereas AQP9 expression was exclusive to tails of the testicular spermatozoa and elongated spermatids. Taken together, the abundance and distribution of the AQPs across the different cell types in the testes indicating to their relavance in spermatogenesis, as well as in sperm maturation, transition, and function.</p>","PeriodicalId":72791,"journal":{"name":"Development & reproduction","volume":"26 2","pages":"59-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/76/13/dr-26-2-59.PMC9336216.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40599995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expressional Evaluation of C/EBP Family, SREBP1, and Steroid Hormone Receptors in the Epididiymal Fat of Postnatally Developing Mouse.","authors":"Yong-Seung Lee,&nbsp;Ki-Ho Lee","doi":"10.12717/DR.2022.26.2.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12717/DR.2022.26.2.49","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The differentiation and development of preadipocyte into mature adipocyte <i>ar</i>e regulated by transcription factors, such as CCAAT enhancer binding protein (<i>Cebp</i>) gene family and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (<i>Srebp1</i>). Steroid hormones give influences on the development and function of adipocyte. The present rese<i>ar</i>ch examined expression patterns of CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha (<i>Cebpa</i>), CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta (<i>Cebpb</i>), CCAAT enhancer binding protein gamma (<i>Cebpg</i>), sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (<i>Srebp1</i>), androgen receptor (<i>Ar</i>), and estrogen receptors (<i>Esr</i>) among different epididymal fat p<i>ar</i>ts during postnatal period by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. In the distal epididymal fat, expression of <i>Cebpa</i>, <i>Cebpb</i>, <i>Cebpg</i>, <i>Srebp1</i>, <i>Ar</i>, and <i>Esr</i>2 was increased until 12 months of age, while expression of <i>Esr1</i> was decreased at 5 months of age and was not detectable after 8 months of age. In the proximal epididymal fat, transcript levels of <i>Cebps</i> and <i>Srebp1</i> were increased at 8 months of age, followed by decreases of <i>Cebpb</i> and <i>Cebpg</i> transcript levels at 12 months of age. An additional increase of <i>Srebp1</i> expression was observed at 12 months of age. Expression of <i>Ar</i> and <i>Esr</i>2 were increased until 8 months of age, followed by a drop of <i>Ar</i> expression level at 12 months of age. Expression pattern of <i>Esr1</i> was simil<i>ar</i> to that in the distal epididymal fat. In the tail epididymal fat, expression of <i>Cebpa</i>, <i>Cebpg</i>, <i>Srebp1</i>, <i>Ar</i>, and <i>Esr</i>2 was increased with age. <i>Esr1</i> was not detectable at all. The highest level of <i>Cebpb</i> was observed at 8 months of age. These data suggest the possibility of developmental and functional differentiation among the epididymal fat p<i>ar</i>ts.</p>","PeriodicalId":72791,"journal":{"name":"Development & reproduction","volume":"26 2","pages":"49-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b7/e8/dr-26-2-49.PMC9336211.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40599994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expressions of Gonadotropin Subunit Genes in the Reproductively Inactive Golden Hamsters.","authors":"Donchan Choi","doi":"10.12717/DR.2022.26.2.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12717/DR.2022.26.2.37","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Photoperiod has well been established to regulate testicular activities in golden hamsters. These animals breed actively around summer but become infertile in winter. In males, testicles are full of multistep germ cells including spermatozoa in summer. But in winter only fundamental cells consisting of the testicles are detected. The testicular degeneration is accompanied by the reduced levels of blood gonadotropins and testosterone. In this study, the expressions of gonadotropin subunit genes were investigated in the reproductive active and inactive testicles. And parts of sequences of the gonadotropin subunits were identified and compared with those of other rodents. As results, common gonadotropin alpha (CGa), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) β, and luteinizing hormone (LH) β genes were equivalently detected in pituitaries of both sexually active and inactive animals. In considering low concentrations of gonadotropin hormones determined in pituitary, the present findings imply that the processes involved in translation and/or formation of functional hormones could be impeded in the sexually inactive hamsters. All the nucleotide sequences of gonadotropin subunits identified in this study were same as those reported previously except for one base in CGa. An unsure amino acid deduced from the CGa sequence was confirmed from mRNA sequencing. The outcomes mentioned above suggest that animals with regressed testes prepare for the sexually active period forthcoming in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":72791,"journal":{"name":"Development & reproduction","volume":"26 2","pages":"37-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/bf/7f/dr-26-2-37.PMC9336214.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40599996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Signal Transduction of C-Terminal Phosphorylation Regions for Equine Luteinizing Hormone/Chorionic Gonadotropin Receptor (eLH/CGR)","authors":"Munkhzaya Byambaragchaa, Hyo-Eun Joo, Sang-Gwon Kim, Yean-Ji Kim, Gyeong-Eun Park, K. Min","doi":"10.12717/DR.2022.26.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12717/DR.2022.26.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study aimed to investigate the signal transduction of phosphorylation sites at the carboxyl (C)-terminal region of equine luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor (eLH/ CGR). The eLH/CGR has a large extracellular domain of glycoprotein hormone receptors within the G protein-coupled receptors. We constructed a mutant (eLH/CGR-t656) of eLH/ CGR, in which the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail was truncated at the Phe656 residue, through polymerase chain reaction. The eLH/CGR-t656 removed 14 potential phosphorylation sites in the intracellular C-terminal region. The plasmids were transfected into Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 and PathHunter Parental cells expressing β-arrestin, and agonist-induced cAMP responsiveness was analyzed. In CHO-K1 cells, those expressing eLH/CGR-t656 were lower than those expressing eLH/CGR wild-type (eLH/CGR-wt). The EC50 of the eLH/ CGR-t656 mutant was approximately 72.2% of the expression observed in eLH/CGR-wt. The maximal response in eLH/CGR-t656 also decreased to approximately 43% of that observed in eLH/CGR-wt. However, in PathHunter Parental cells, cAMP activity and maximal response of the eLH/CGR-t656 mutant were approximately 173.5% and 100.8%, respectively, of that of eLH/CGR-wt. These results provide evidence that the signal transduction of C-terminal phosphorylation in eLH/CGR plays a pivotal role in CHO-K1 cells. The cAMP level was recovered in PathHunter Parental cells expressing β-arrestin. We suggest that the signal transduction of the C-terminal region phosphorylation sites is remarkably different depending on the cells expressing β-arrestin in CHO-K1 cells.","PeriodicalId":72791,"journal":{"name":"Development & reproduction","volume":"26 1","pages":"1 - 12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44871051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}