Dementia and neurocognitive disorders最新文献

{"title":"Nationwide Survey on the Awareness of Mild Cognitive Impairment.","authors":"Hyuk Sung Kwon, Kee Hyung Park, Jin San Lee, Hojin Choi, Chan-Nyoung Lee, Jae-Sung Lim, Jae-Won Jang, YongSoo Shim, Seong Hye Choi, Dong Won Yang","doi":"10.12779/dnd.2025.24.3.198","DOIUrl":"10.12779/dnd.2025.24.3.198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), particularly due to Alzheimer's disease (AD), is an important stage for early intervention. We aim to assess awareness among the general population of MCI and AD, and evaluate their willingness to pay for treatment that delays the progression to dementia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A nationwide cross-sectional telephone survey was conducted from August 29 to 31, 2022, targeting adults aged ≥18 years in the Republic of Korea. <i>In toto</i>, 1,006 respondents were randomly selected via a proportional allocation based on age, sex, and region. The survey consisted of 11 questions covering demographic information, awareness of MCI and AD, understanding of diagnostic procedures, such as amyloid positron emission tomography (PET), and willingness to pay for disease-modifying treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the respondents, 41.3% had heard of MCI, but only 12.0% were well informed. Some 77.0% stated that if they experienced cognitive decline, they would visit a hospital. Only 12.4% of respondents knew the important role of amyloid PET in diagnosing MCI due to AD. Regarding the treatment costs of disease-modifying drugs, 42.1% were willing to pay <600,000 KRW (approximately 420 USD) per month, while 18.4% were unwilling to pay. Older age and lower socioeconomic status were significantly associated with decreased willingness to pay (<i>p</i><0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Public awareness of MCI is limited, and willingness to pay decreases with older age and lower socioeconomic status. Targeted education and strategies are therefore required to increase awareness and reduce disparities.</p>","PeriodicalId":72779,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and neurocognitive disorders","volume":"24 3","pages":"198-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12310333/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144762542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effectiveness of VR-Based Cognitive Training Program for Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Seunghee Na, Seung-Keun Lee, Tae-Kyeong Lee, Donggi Hong, Eek-Sung Lee","doi":"10.12779/dnd.2025.24.3.174","DOIUrl":"10.12779/dnd.2025.24.3.174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Virtual reality (VR)-based cognitive training programs represent an emerging intervention for cognitive impairment. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a VR-based cognitive training program in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-two patients diagnosed with MCI according to Peterson's criteria participated in a 12-week VR training program, consisting of twice-weekly 50-minute sessions. Comprehensive assessments were conducted at baseline and after the intervention, including neuropsychological tests, questionnaires for depression, anxiety, quality of life, and dizziness severity. Caregivers evaluated patients' daily living activities and neurobehavioral symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-eight patients completed the program (87.5% women, mean age 73.21 years). Post-intervention analyses revealed significant improvements in both total composite and memory-specific scores on neuropsychological tests. No significant changes were observed in depression, anxiety, dizziness severity, neuropsychiatric symptoms, or daily living activities. Importantly, functional neuroimaging demonstrated statistically significant increases in connectivity among the bilateral hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, and amygdala, regions essential for memory and emotional processing.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This pilot study demonstrates that VR-based cognitive training may be a feasible therapeutic approach for cognitive impairment. The observed improvements in neuropsychological test scores and enhanced brain connectivity in memory-related regions suggest potential benefits for MCI patients. Further research with control group and larger sample sizes is warranted to confirm these findings and distinguish intervention effects from natural learning or test-retest effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":72779,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and neurocognitive disorders","volume":"24 3","pages":"174-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12310335/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144762545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Equivalence of Telephone-MoCA and MoCA-22 in Healthy Adults.","authors":"Haeyoon Kim, Yujin Jung, Jong-Hee Sohn, Juhee Chin, Yeonwook Kang","doi":"10.12779/dnd.2025.24.3.187","DOIUrl":"10.12779/dnd.2025.24.3.187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>The Telephone-Montreal Cognitive Assessment (T-MoCA) is a remote cognitive screening tool increasingly used in clinical and research contexts. However, its applicability in Korean populations remains underexplored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study examined the equivalence between the T-MoCA and the face-to-face Korean MoCA-22 (K-MoCA-22) in a community-based sample of 113 cognitively normal adults aged 21-91 years. The sample was stratified into 2 age groups (<60 and ≥60 years) for subgroup analyses. All participants completed both the T-MoCA and K-MoCA-22 in a counterbalanced order, with a one-month interval between assessments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both T-MoCA and K-MoCA-22 scores were significantly associated with age and education, but not with sex in either age group. However, none of these variables significantly influenced the score differences between the 2 tests. Lin's concordance correlation coefficient indicated strong agreement between the 2 tests in the overall sample and in participants aged ≥60, with minimal systematic bias. Equivalence testing using the two one-sided tests procedure supported statistical equivalence in the total sample and the <60 group, but not in the ≥60 group. Subtest-level differences were observed in the ≥60 group, with higher repetition scores on the K-MoCA-22 and higher delayed recall scores on the T-MoCA, possibly reflecting absence of visual cues, reduced supervision, and lower anxiety during remote testing.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings support the T-MoCA as an equivalent and reliable alternative to the K-MoCA-22 for remote cognitive screening in Korean adults. Nonetheless, age-related and modality-specific factors should be considered when interpreting scores, particularly in older individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":72779,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and neurocognitive disorders","volume":"24 3","pages":"187-197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12310332/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144762541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Cognition in Neurodegenerative Disorders.","authors":"YongSoo Shim, Seunghee Na, Soh-Jeong Yang, Hui Jin Ryu, Bora Yoon, Hak Young Rhee, Jae-Won Jang, Young Hee Jung, Juhee Chin","doi":"10.12779/dnd.2025.24.3.147","DOIUrl":"10.12779/dnd.2025.24.3.147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Social cognition, including theory of mind, empathy, social perception, and behavior, is crucial for interpersonal relationships and social functioning. Impairments in social cognition have also been recognized in neurodegenerative disorders including frontotemporal dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. This review defines social cognition components, summarizes assessment tools, and evaluates their clinical applicability in these disorders. Despite research, the incorporation of social cognition assessments into clinical practice remains limited. Developing standardized, validated tools and integrating them with current, conventional neuropsychological assessments is crucial for improving the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of neurodegenerative disorders. Emerging interventions targeting specific social cognitive domains or their neural systems hold promise in enhancing the social functioning and quality of life of affected individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":72779,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and neurocognitive disorders","volume":"24 3","pages":"147-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12310334/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144762543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standardized Procedures for Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid Collection and Storage in Neurodegenerative Biomarker Research: A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Hyuk Sung Kwon, Geon Ha Kim, Sun Ah Park, So Young Moon, Jae-Won Jang, Kee Hyung Park, Young Ho Park, Jae-Sung Lim, Dong Won Yang, Seong Hye Choi, Byeong C Kim, SangYun Kim, Seong-Ho Koh","doi":"10.12779/dnd.2025.24.3.162","DOIUrl":"10.12779/dnd.2025.24.3.162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are essential tools for the rapid diagnosis and monitoring of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, even minor variations in sample collection and storage procedures can significantly impact biomarker measurements, emphasizing the importance of standardized operating procedures. This review discusses the main pre-analytical factors that influence biomarker stability, outlines the best practices for blood and CSF collection and storage, and extensively analyzes recent research findings to ensure optimal reproducibility in biomarker studies. It also discusses the future directions and recommendations for enhancing biomarker research methodologies, including advancements in automated processing and quality control measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":72779,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and neurocognitive disorders","volume":"24 3","pages":"162-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12310336/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144762544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive Impairment Screening Test in Korea as a Screening Tool for Dementia: The Correlation Study of Subtest Scores With Korean Version of the Mini Mental State Examination 2nd Edition.","authors":"Minseong Kim, Doyun Heo, Seonkyeong Kim, Yunjin Lee, Yong Sung Kim, Wonjae Sung, Hee-Jin Kim","doi":"10.12779/dnd.2025.24.2.126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12779/dnd.2025.24.2.126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>The Cognitive Impairment Screening Test in Korea (CIST-K) was designed to detect cognitive decline. Developed independently and widely used in Korea, it is yet to be validated with other screening tests. This study aimed to introduce normative data to the CIST-K and assess its clinical usefulness through correlation analysis with the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination, 2nd edition (K-MMSE-2).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled 85 participants from a tertiary university hospital in Korea, including patients diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease by experienced neurologists. Both the CIST-K and K-MMSE-2 were administered to assess the cognitive function of the participants, with scores from each subtest of the neuropsychological tests compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multivariate correlation analysis, which was adjusted for age, sex, and education level, revealed a significant correlation between the two tests in orientation, memory, and attention. However, no significant correlation was found between the two tests in visuospatial and language functions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, this study demonstrates that some subtests in the CIST-K align with corresponding scores on the K-MMSE-2. However, caution is advised when interpreting visuospatial and language test scores from the CIST-K. Further validity studies are necessary to enhance the sensitivity of each subtest.</p>","PeriodicalId":72779,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and neurocognitive disorders","volume":"24 2","pages":"126-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12046244/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144054681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing Regional Aβ Cutoffs and Exploring Subgroup Prevalence Across Cognitive Stages Using BeauBrain Amylo^®.","authors":"Seongbeom Park, Kyoungmin Kim, Soyeon Yoon, Seongmi Kim, Jehyun Ahn, Kyoung Yoon Lim, Hyemin Jang, Duk L Na, Hee Jin Kim, Seung Hwan Moon, Jun Pyo Kim, Sang Won Seo, Jaeho Kim, Kichang Kwak","doi":"10.12779/dnd.2025.24.2.135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12779/dnd.2025.24.2.135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques are key in Alzheimer's disease (AD), with Aβ positron emission tomography imaging enabling non-invasive quantification. To address regional Aβ deposition, we developed regional Centiloid scales (rdcCL) and commercialized them through the computed tomography (CT)-based BeauBrain Amylo platform, eliminating the need for three-dimensional T1 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to establish robust regional Aβ cutoffs using the commercialized BeauBrain Amylo platform and to explore the prevalence of subgroups defined by global, regional, and striatal Aβ cutoffs across cognitive stages.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 2,428 individuals recruited from the Korea-Registries to Overcome Dementia and Accelerate Dementia Research project. We calculated regional Aβ cutoffs using Gaussian Mixture Modeling. Participants were classified into subgroups based on global, regional, and striatal Aβ positivity across cognitive stages (cognitively unimpaired [CU], mild cognitive impairment, and dementia of the Alzheimer's type).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MRI-based and CT-based global Aβ cutoffs were highly comparable and consistent with previously reported Centiloid values. Regional cutoffs revealed both similarities and differences between MRI- and CT-based methods, reflecting modality-specific segmentation processes. Subgroups such as global(-)regional(+) were more frequent in non-dementia stages, while global(+)striatal(-) was primarily observed in CU individuals.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study established robust regional Aβ cutoffs using a CT-based rdcCL method and demonstrated its clinical utility in classifying amyloid subgroups across cognitive stages. These findings highlight the importance of regional Aβ quantification in understanding amyloid pathology and its implications for biomarker-guided diagnosis and treatment in AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":72779,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and neurocognitive disorders","volume":"24 2","pages":"135-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12046247/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144059121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective Genes Against Alzheimer's Disease: Case Review and Therapeutic Implications.","authors":"Nabiha Hossain, Yong Jeong","doi":"10.12779/dnd.2025.24.2.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12779/dnd.2025.24.2.75","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques and tau tangles, shows cognitive decline. Recent genetic studies have identified over 30 variants that are resilient to AD pathology, offering new therapeutic opportunities. This review explores key protective mutations of <i>APOE3 Christchurch</i>, <i>RELN-COLBOS</i>, <i>FN1</i>, <i>APP A673T</i>, <i>BDNF Val66Met</i>, <i>SORL1</i>, <i>CR1</i>, <i>TREM2</i>, <i>PICALM</i>, and <i>INPP5 D</i> genes. These affect critical pathways, including lipid metabolism, synaptic function, tau regulation, and immune response. Potential treatments are discussed, including gene therapy and neuroprotective strategies, emphasizing a shift toward precision medicine focused on genetic resilience. By reviewing case studies and relevant literatures, the work explores the mechanisms by which these variants mitigate amyloid accumulation, tau pathology, neurodegeneration, and neuroinflammation, the key contributors to AD progression. Understanding these protective pathways offers critical insights into potential therapeutic applications, such as gene therapy, immune-modulating treatments, and personalized medicine approaches tailored to the individual's genetic profile. The findings highlight the potential to leverage genetic protection mechanisms to develop precision interventions for AD, offering new hope to prevent or delay disease onset and progression. These discoveries could transform future treatment strategies, shifting the focus from risk management to exploiting genetic resilience to combat AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":72779,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and neurocognitive disorders","volume":"24 2","pages":"75-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12046246/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144043886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproducibility of Plasma Biomarker Measurements Across Laboratories: Insights Into ptau217, GFAP, and NfL.","authors":"Heekyoung Kang, Sook-Young Woo, Daeun Shin, Sohyun Yim, Eun Hye Lee, Hyunchul Ryu, Bora Chu, Henrik Zetterberg, Kaj Blennow, Jihwan Yun, Duk L Na, Hee Jin Kim, Hyemin Jang, Jun Pyo Kim","doi":"10.12779/dnd.2025.24.2.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12779/dnd.2025.24.2.91","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Plasma biomarkers, including phosphorylated tau (ptau217), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light chain (NfL), are promising tools for detecting Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. However, cross-laboratory reproducibility remains a challenge, even when using identical analytical platforms such as single-molecule array (Simoa). This study aimed to compare plasma biomarker measurements (ptau217, GFAP, and NfL) between 2 laboratories, the University of Gothenburg (UGOT) and DNAlink, and evaluate their associations with amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) imaging.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Plasma biomarkers were measured using Simoa platforms at both laboratories: the UGOT and DNAlink Incorporation. Diagnostic performance for predicting amyloid PET positivity, cross-laboratory agreement, and the impact of normalization techniques were assessed. Bland-Altman plots and correlation analyses were employed to evaluate agreement and variability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Plasma ptau217 concentrations exhibited strong correlations with amyloid PET global centiloid values, with comparable diagnostic performance between laboratories (area under the curve=0.94 for UGOT and 0.95 for DNAlink). Cross-laboratory agreement for ptau217 was excellent (<i>r</i>=0.96), improving further after natural log transformation. GFAP and NfL also demonstrated moderate to strong correlations (<i>r</i>=0.86 for GFAP and <i>r</i>=0.99 for NfL), with normalization reducing variability.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Plasma biomarker measurements were consistent across laboratories using identical Simoa platforms, with strong diagnostic performance and improved agreement after normalization. These findings support the scalability of plasma biomarkers for multi-center studies and underscore their potential for standardized applications in AD research and clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":72779,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and neurocognitive disorders","volume":"24 2","pages":"91-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12046245/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144058432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying Brain Atrophy Using a CSF-Focused Segmentation Approach.","authors":"Kyoung Yoon Lim, Seongbeom Park, Duk L Na, Sang Won Seo, Min Young Chun, Kichang Kwak","doi":"10.12779/dnd.2025.24.2.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12779/dnd.2025.24.2.115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Brain atrophy, characterized by sulcal widening and ventricular enlargement, is a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Visual assessments are subjective and variable, while automated methods struggle with subtle intensity differences and standardization, highlighting limitations in both approaches. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a novel method focusing on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) regions by assessing segmentation accuracy, detecting stage-specific atrophy patterns, and testing generalizability to unstandardized datasets.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We utilized T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging data from 3,315 participants from Samsung Medical Center and 1,439 participants from other hospitals. Segmentation accuracy was evaluated using the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), and W-scores were calculated for each region of interest (ROI) to assess stage-specific atrophy patterns.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The segmentation demonstrated high accuracy, with average DSC values exceeding 0.9 for ventricular and hippocampal regions and above 0.8 for cortical regions. Significant differences in W-scores were observed across cognitive stages (cognitively unimpaired, mild cognitive impairment, dementia of Alzheimer's type) for all ROIs (all, <i>p</i><0.05). Similar trends were observed in the images from other hospitals, confirming the algorithm's generalizability to datasets without prior standardization.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrates the robustness and clinical applicability of a novel CSF-focused segmentation method for assessing brain atrophy. The method provides a scalable and objective framework for evaluating structural changes across cognitive stages and holds potential for broader application in neurodegenerative disease research and clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":72779,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and neurocognitive disorders","volume":"24 2","pages":"115-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12046248/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144059746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}