Dementia and neurocognitive disorders最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Sarcopenia and Frailty on Cognitive Function, Brain Volume, and Dementia Risk: A Prospective Cohort Study Based on UK Biobank.","authors":"Seok-Jae Heo, Min Young Chun","doi":"10.12779/dnd.2026.25.2.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12779/dnd.2026.25.2.115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Despite the rising prevalence of sarcopenia, frailty, and dementia, their interrelationships remain unclear. This study investigated the associations of sarcopenia and frailty with cognitive function, brain structure, incident dementia, and their longitudinal changes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 390,903 participants aged 40-70 years from the UK Biobank. Sarcopenia was assessed using hand grip strength, muscle mass index, and gait speed; frailty was measured based on weight loss, exhaustion, physical activity, gait speed, and grip strength. Outcomes included cognitive test scores, magnetic resonance imaging-derived brain volumes, and incident dementia. Linear regression, Cox proportional hazards models, and linear mixed effects models were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Frailty was associated with poorer performance across cognitive domains (all <i>p</i><0.05), while sarcopenia was associated with slower reaction time (<i>p</i><0.001). Frailty, but not sarcopenia, was associated with reduced cortical volume. Both conditions increased all-cause dementia risk: frailty with a dose-response gradient (hazard ratio [HR], 2.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.87 to 2.38) and particularly strong associations with vascular dementia (VaD, HR, 2.39; 95% CI, 1.85 to 3.07); sarcopenia with a moderate increase (HR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.09 to 2.12). Longitudinally, sarcopenia-but not frailty-was associated with accelerated cognitive decline.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sarcopenia and frailty show overlapping but non-identical patterns of association with neurocognitive outcomes: sarcopenia was linked to longitudinal cognitive decline, whereas frailty was associated with cortical volume reduction and VaD. Early identification of these conditions is crucial for mitigating neurodegenerative decline and reducing dementia risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":72779,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and neurocognitive disorders","volume":"25 2","pages":"115-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13136627/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147846763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dysphagia Characteristics and Its Neuroanatomical Correlates in Korean Patients With Subcortical Vascular Cognitive Impairment.","authors":"Mee Kyung Suh, Yeong Ju Cho, Byung Hwa Lee, Yisuh Ahn","doi":"10.12779/dnd.2026.25.2.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12779/dnd.2026.25.2.103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Subcortical vascular cognitive impairment (SVCI) is frequently associated with dysphagia, but its specific characteristics and underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the swallowing characteristics in SVCI patients and examine their neuroanatomical correlates using diffusion tensor imaging-voxel-based morphometry (DTI-VBM).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighty-five SVCI patients and 20 normal controls underwent videofluoroscopic swallowing studies and 3.0-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging. Swallowing components were evaluated using Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile, Penetration-Aspiration Scale, and temporal measurements. Fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity maps were analyzed to determine neuroanatomical correlates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SVCI patients exhibited significant differences in tongue control during bolus hold, bolus preparation/mastication, bolus transport/lingual motion, oral residue in the oral stage and anterior hyoid excursion, epiglottic movement, laryngeal vestibular closure, tongue base retraction, vallecular residue, pyriform sinus residue, pharyngeal esophageal segment opening in the pharyngeal stage. Temporal measurements revealed significant delay in pharyngeal transit times (PTT). Time gap was shorter between initiation and maximal displacement of hyoid, hyoid maximal displacement and aryepiglottic closure, and longer between initiating movement of hyoid and bolus head reaching vallecula. DTI-VBM demonstrated that prolonged oral transit time correlated with the right corona radiata and anterior cingulate cortex. Prolonged PTT significantly correlated with microstructural alterations in the anterior insula, anterior cingulate cortex, corona radiata, internal capsule, corpus callosum, thalamus, brainstem, and cerebellar circuits.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SVCI patients manifest dysphagia in the oral and pharyngeal stage. Temporal measurements reveal delay in PTT which is correlated with widespread disruptions in the corticobulbar tract, frontal subcortical circuits, and cerebellar control circuits.</p>","PeriodicalId":72779,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and neurocognitive disorders","volume":"25 2","pages":"103-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13136626/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147846819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stage-Specific Efficacy of Lecanemab and Donanemab in Early Alzheimer's Disease: An Indirect, Comparative Interpretation of Phase 3 Trials.","authors":"YongSoo Shim","doi":"10.12779/dnd.2026.25.2.130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12779/dnd.2026.25.2.130","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72779,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and neurocognitive disorders","volume":"25 2","pages":"130-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13136620/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147846801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Baseline Clinical and Neuropsychological Characteristics of Amyloid PET-Confirmed Alzheimer's Disease Treated With Lecanemab: Early Experience at a Tertiary Hospital in Korea.","authors":"Hyeongjin Kim, Jeongha Lee, Hee Kyung Park, Kyung Bok Lee, Jun Pyo Kim, Byung Hwa Lee","doi":"10.12779/dnd.2026.25.2.137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12779/dnd.2026.25.2.137","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72779,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and neurocognitive disorders","volume":"25 2","pages":"137-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13136625/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147846787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI-Based Dementia Prediction From Low-Dose Brain CT in Mild Cognitive Impairments.","authors":"Seongbeom Park, Jehyun Ahn, Duk L Na, Kichang Kwak, Jun Pyo Kim","doi":"10.12779/dnd.2026.25.2.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12779/dnd.2026.25.2.91","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often limited by safety concerns and long acquisition times in elderly patients. We evaluated the potential clinical utility of an artificial intelligence (AI) model, Morph Computed Tomography (CT) Plus, to predict three-year dementia conversion in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using rapid low-dose CT scans, prioritizing its role as a safe and efficient triage tool.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed 896 MCI (Clinical Dementia Rating [CDR]=0.5) patients from the Korea-Registries to Overcome Dementia and Accelerate Dementia Research cohort. A deep learning model quantified regional brain atrophy. We implemented a dual-cutoff risk-stratification strategy to optimize clinical workflow, comparing 90% and 95% sensitivity/specificity operating targets.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The model achieved an area under the curve of 0.870. The 90% strategy was superior for clinical triage, limiting the intermediate-risk group to 27.3% (n=99) compared to 49.6% (n=180) in the 95% strategy. For the combined high- and low-risk groups, the 90% strategy yielded an overall accuracy of 87.5%, with a positive predictive value of 83.3% and a negative predictive value of 90.4%. High-risk patients demonstrated a 14.13-fold higher hazard of conversion (<i>p</i><0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AI-driven CT analysis provides a high-precision, inclusive triage tool. The 90% strategy offers a scalable solution for early dementia management, especially for patients with MRI contraindications, demonstrating significant potential clinical utility.</p>","PeriodicalId":72779,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and neurocognitive disorders","volume":"25 2","pages":"91-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13136622/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147846761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demographic, Social, and Clinical Profiles of Patients Initiating Lecanemab in Clinical Practice: A Single-Center Experience in Korea.","authors":"Jeongha Lee, Hyeongjin Kim, Hee Kyung Park, Suah Kim, Kyung Bok Lee, Heekyoung Kang, Daeun Shin, Jun Pyo Kim, Byung Hwa Lee","doi":"10.12779/dnd.2026.25.2.134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12779/dnd.2026.25.2.134","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72779,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and neurocognitive disorders","volume":"25 2","pages":"134-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13136623/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147846779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concordance Between Subtest-Based and Domain Score-Based Determinations of Cognitive Impairment on the SNSB-II.","authors":"Yeje Ban, Hyun Ho Lee, Jae-Sung Lim, Yeonwook Kang","doi":"10.12779/dnd.2026.25.1.69","DOIUrl":"10.12779/dnd.2026.25.1.69","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Clinicians typically use 2 methods to determine impairment in a specific cognitive domain based on the Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery, 2nd Edition: (1) identifying impairment when one or more subtests fall below the normal range (< mean -1.5 standard deviation), and (2) using the cognitive domain score. Because agreement between these methods may differ by the severity of cognitive impairment, this study examined their concordance in the overall sample and across Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) levels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 1,086 patients (age 74.27±9.62 years; education 9.07±4.77 years) were included. Concordance between subtest-based and domain score-based classifications was assessed for each cognitive domain using cross-tabulation analyses and Cohen's kappa statistics. To assess the influence of the severity of cognitive impairment, analyses were conducted across CDR levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>When impairment was defined as having at least one abnormal subtest, concordance rates were 90.8% for Attention, 88.8% for Language, 84.6% for Visuospatial Function, 74.3% for Memory, and 73.6% for Frontal/Executive Function. In the Frontal/Executive Function domain, requiring 2 or more abnormal subtests increased concordance to 90.9%. CDR subgroup analyses showed that Memory concordance was particularly low in the CDR 0.5 group (65.8%) compared with the CDR 1 (85.5%) and CDR 2 (98.5%) groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Concordance between the 2 classification methods was moderately high for Attention, Language, and Visuospatial Function but substantially lower for Memory and Frontal/Executive Function, especially in individuals with mild cognitive impairment. These findings highlight the need to consider both subtest-level performance and domain scores when determining impairment in memory or frontal/executive function.</p>","PeriodicalId":72779,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and neurocognitive disorders","volume":"25 1","pages":"69-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12876448/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146144689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Protocol of Korean JOint RegistrY for ALZheimer's Treatment and Diagnostics (JOY-ALZ).","authors":"Geon Ha Kim, Jung-Min Pyun, Danbee Kang, Sung Hoon Kang, Seong-Ho Koh, Jae Seung Kim, So Young Moon, Won-Jin Moon, Young Ho Park, YongSoo Shim, Dong Won Yang, Young Chul Youn, Young Hee Jung, Hanna Cho, Hojin Choi, Jae-Sung Lim, Kee Hyung Park, Seong Hye Choi","doi":"10.12779/dnd.2026.25.1.25","DOIUrl":"10.12779/dnd.2026.25.1.25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>To assess the long-term effectiveness, safety, and economic viability of recently approved Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapies, as well as to evaluate the real-world application of novel diagnostics among AD patients with diverse comorbidities, comprehensive real-world data (RWD) analysis is essential. The Korean JOint RegistrY for ALZheimer's Treatment and Diagnostics (JOY-ALZ) endeavors to create a registry of RWD derived from clinical practice on new diagnostic methods and therapeutic agents for AD introduced in Korea since 2021.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants must fulfill all the following: 1) be at least 19 years old; 2) be actively receiving, scheduled to initiate, or undergoing evaluation for any AD disease-modifying treatment; 3) have completed amyloid positron emission tomography or cerebrospinal fluid AD immunoassay (a positive result is not essential for participation); 4) have a clinical classification of cognitively unimpaired, mild cognitive impairment, or probable AD dementia. Data generated during routine care is segmented into a minimum dataset, extended dataset, and research-only dataset requiring extra consent. Assessments encompass clinical, cognitive, functional, neurobehavioral, neuroimaging, and biomarker evaluations, in addition to systematic monitoring of new AD treatments and their safety. Data are collected and monitored at baseline, at semiannual intervals during the initial 2 years, and then annually up to 2034. To date, 46 medical centers will participate in JOY-ALZ.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>JOY-ALZ is expected to promote understanding of the long-term clinical outcomes, safety, and cost-effectiveness of recently introduced diagnostics and treatments for AD, thereby supporting the progress of precision medicine in AD care and diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06889818.</p>","PeriodicalId":72779,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and neurocognitive disorders","volume":"25 1","pages":"25-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12876444/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146144728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Prior Exercise Habits and Adherence on Cognitive Function, Physical Fitness, and Vascular Health in Older Adults: An Exploratory Exercise-Based Intervention Trial.","authors":"Da Ae Kim, Muncheong Choi, Buongo Chun, Kyunghwa Sun, So Young Moon, Hong-Sun Song, Sun Min Lee","doi":"10.12779/dnd.2026.25.1.54","DOIUrl":"10.12779/dnd.2026.25.1.54","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Given the irreversible nature of dementia, this study examined the effects of a 20-week exercise-based dementia prevention program in community-dwelling older adults, focusing on prior exercise experience and program adherence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this exploratory, non-randomized trial, 55 older adults (65-79 years) were allocated to an intervention (n=26) or control (n=29) group, and blinding was not feasible. The intervention comprised supervised rhythmic aerobic exercise with cognitive-motor components performed three times per week. Cognition was the primary outcome, and secondary outcomes included physical fitness, blood pressure, and blood biomarkers. Subgroup analyses classified participants by prior exercise experience and intervention exposure: G1 and G2 comprised control subgroups with no intervention exposure, whereas G3 and G4 comprised intervention-exposed subgroups stratified by adherence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant group-by-time interactions were observed for cognitive outcomes. Participants with prior exercise experience and low adherence (G2) showed significant improvement on the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (β=1.66, <i>p</i>=0.024) despite declines in physical fitness, whereas higher adherence in G3-G4 was associated with stable or favorable physical performance, with G4 showing a positive trend in the 30-second sit-to-stand test. Systolic blood pressure decreased significantly in G2-G4.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although overall cognitive gains were modest and not group specific, prior exercise experience and sustained adherence were associated with favorable changes in physical fitness and vascular outcomes, suggesting that tailored multicomponent exercise programs and long-term engagement may help promote cognitive health in older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":72779,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and neurocognitive disorders","volume":"25 1","pages":"54-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12876443/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146144782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: Nationwide Survey on the Awareness of Mild Cognitive Impairment.","authors":"Hyuk Sung Kwon, Kee Hyung Park, Jin San Lee, Hojin Choi, Chan-Nyoung Lee, Jae-Sung Lim, Jae-Won Jang, YongSoo Shim, Seong Hye Choi, Dong Won Yang","doi":"10.12779/dnd.2026.25.1.90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12779/dnd.2026.25.1.90","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article on p. 198 in vol. 24, PMID: 40746342.].</p>","PeriodicalId":72779,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and neurocognitive disorders","volume":"25 1","pages":"90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12876439/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146144797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}