Dementia and neurocognitive disorders最新文献

{"title":"The Clinical Utility of the Cognitive Impairment Screening Test (CIST).","authors":"Hyeseon Han, Soyeon Lim, Suah Kim, Byung Hwa Lee, Hee Jin Kim, Juhee Chin","doi":"10.12779/dnd.2026.25.1.42","DOIUrl":"10.12779/dnd.2026.25.1.42","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>The Cognitive Impairment Screening Test (CIST) was developed for use at the Community Dementia Reassurance Center in South Korea. This study evaluated convergent and discriminant validity of CIST, as well as its clinical utility in identifying cognitive impairment and differentiating amyloid deposition.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled 252 participants from a hospital memory clinic (47 cognitively unimpaired [CU], 116 amnestic mild cognitive impairment, and 89 dementia). Participants completed CIST, K-MMSE-2, the Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery, 2nd edition (SNSB-II), and underwent amyloid positron emission tomography. To evaluate the convergent and discriminant validity of CIST, we conducted correlation analyses with SNSB-II. Receiver operating characteristic analyses were used to evaluate the ability to discriminate cognitive impairment and to distinguish amyloid positivity. Areas under the curve (AUCs) for CIST and K-MMSE-2 were compared using DeLong's test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The total score of CIST correlated significantly with all SNSB-II subtests, and the domain scores of CIST showed stronger associations with corresponding SNSB-II subtests than with unrelated ones. Both CIST and K-MMSE-2 effectively distinguished cognitively impaired individuals from CU, with CIST demonstrating superior discrimination (AUC=0.926 vs. 0.887, <i>p</i>=0.042). In the non-demented group, both CIST and K-MMSE-2 showed acceptable discrimination for amyloid positivity (AUC≈0.73), with high specificity but low sensitivity; however, there were no significant differences between the two tests.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The CIST demonstrated strong validity and discriminatory ability for detecting cognitive impairment. It also showed acceptable discrimination for amyloid positivity in non-demented participants, supporting its utility as a screening tool in both clinical and community settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":72779,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and neurocognitive disorders","volume":"25 1","pages":"42-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12876441/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146144874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Association Between Physical Fitness Components and Cognitive Function in Older Korean Adults: The SUPERBRAIN Exploratory Sub-study.","authors":"Da Ae Kim, Buongo Chun, Muncheong Choi, Kyunghwa Sun, Jee Hyang Jeong, Yoo Kyoung Park, Chang Hyung Hong, Hae Ri Na, Seong Hye Choi, So Young Moon, Hong-Sun Song, Sun Min Lee","doi":"10.12779/dnd.2026.25.1.13","DOIUrl":"10.12779/dnd.2026.25.1.13","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Tailored physical exercise interventions have the potential to promote cognitive health in older adults and offer significant advantages for those more vulnerable to decline. The specific relationship between physical fitness and cognition among the elderly has not been clearly established. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the relationship between physical fitness and cognitive function in older Korean adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighty-four community-dwelling older adults (mean age: 70.7±5.3 years; 81.0% female) completed a standardized physical fitness battery assessing handgrip strength, sit-and-reach, 30-second sit-to-stand, 2-minute stationary march, 3-m sit-walk-and-return, figure-8-walk, and T-wall response time. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). Descriptive statistics, partial correlation analyses, and stepwise multiple linear regression were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Slower T-wall response time was significantly correlated with lower RBANS total index, immediate memory, and delayed memory scores. In regression models, slower T-wall response time was independently associated with lower RBANS total index (β=-0.234, <i>p</i>=0.026) and delayed memory scores (β=-0.295, <i>p</i>=0.029). The regression model for immediate memory was not statistically significant overall; therefore, no predictive conclusion was drawn for this domain. Higher education showed a significant positive association with cognitive performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Coordination, as measured by T-wall response time, emerged as the only physical fitness component consistently associated with cognitive performance in older adults. Coordination-related fitness may be an important correlate of cognitive function in older adults and a promising target for future exercise interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":72779,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and neurocognitive disorders","volume":"25 1","pages":"13-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12876446/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146144789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Gut-Brain Connection: The Role of Microbiota in Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis.","authors":"Azar Rahi, Erfaneh Jafari, Reza Azizian, Mohammad Reza Mohammadi, Atousa Razmfarsa, Sara Shakeri Hosseinabad, Masoud Hamidi","doi":"10.12779/dnd.2026.25.1.1","DOIUrl":"10.12779/dnd.2026.25.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD), the primary cause of dementia accounting for 60% to 70% of cases globally, results in a gradual decline in cognitive abilities, affecting memory, executive function, and daily activities. Recent research highlights the essential involvement of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in AD pathogenesis, characterized by complex bidirectional signaling that modulates neuroinflammation, neurogenesis, neurotransmission, and immune functions. This manuscript extends the discussion beyond the gut alone by emphasizing the significance of the oral-gut microbiota axis as a dynamic and relatively under-investigated factor in AD progression. Microbial populations in both the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract produce key neurotransmitters, such as gamma-aminobutyric acid, noradrenaline, and dopamine, as well as neuroactive metabolites like short-chain fatty acids, which together impact brain physiology. Disturbances in gut and oral microbial balance can compromise barrier integrity, promoting systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation, and facilitating amyloid-β plaque formation and tau-related changes typical of AD. This review introduces a novel probiotic, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics (PPSP) therapeutic model designed to modulate both oral and gut microbiota, aiming to restore homeostasis, regulate neuroimmune interactions, and counteract cognitive impairment. We comprehensively assess emerging clinical and translational findings supporting the effectiveness of microbiota-targeted therapies in the scope of this dual-axis framework, addressing both their potential to alter disease course and recognized limitations. By underscoring the importance of the integrated oral-gut microbiota axis alongside targeted PPSP interventions, this manuscript puts forth a paradigm-shifting conceptual strategy that may redefine approaches to AD management and improve cognitive outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":72779,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and neurocognitive disorders","volume":"25 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12876440/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146144818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting Brain Amyloid PET Positivity Using the Amyloid Beta Composite (ABC) Index in Patients With Cognitive Impairment.","authors":"Juyoun Lee, Sukyoung Jung, Ae Young Lee","doi":"10.12779/dnd.2026.25.1.79","DOIUrl":"10.12779/dnd.2026.25.1.79","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) is a crucial diagnostic tool for Alzheimer's disease (AD), but its application is constrained by cost and accessibility. This study aimed to create a practical composite index to predict cerebral amyloid positivity in patients with cognitive impairment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included patients with mild cognitive impairment or early-stage AD who underwent amyloid PET. Various combinations of clinical and imaging variables were assessed through receiver operating characteristic analysis to identify the optimal model for predicting amyloid positivity. The Amyloid Beta Composite (ABC) index, a risk scoring model, was developed using logistic regression and a weighted scoring system. We evaluated the ABC index's performance based on accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, and conducted internal validation using a chronological split-sample from the same cohort.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We analyzed a total of 223 patients. The best-performing model incorporated five variables: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), secondary memory recall from the modified MMSE, Clinical Dementia Rating-Sum of Boxes, medial temporal lobe atrophy, and apolipoprotein E genotype. This model demonstrated excellent performance in the development group (area under the curve [AUC], 0.88; 95% confidence interval, 0.82-0.94). In the validation group, the ABC index achieved an AUC of 0.74, with an accuracy of 0.70, sensitivity of 0.63, and specificity of 0.78.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The ABC index, utilizing commonly accessible clinical data, serves as a simple and practical screening tool for predicting cerebral amyloid deposition. It may aid in patient selection for amyloid PET, anti-amyloid therapies, and clinical trials, thereby reducing unnecessary imaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":72779,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and neurocognitive disorders","volume":"25 1","pages":"79-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12876445/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146144853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesenchymal Stem Cells With Adjuvant Dexamethasone in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease: A Phase IIa Trial.","authors":"Na Kyung Lee, Hyemin Jang, Yejoo Choi, Song Hwangbo, Seunghoon Lee, Jung Il Lee, Young Ju Kim, Juhee Chin, Jong Wook Chang, Sang Won Seo, Hyo Jin Son, Soo Jin Choi, Duk L Na, Hee Jin Kim","doi":"10.12779/dnd.2025.24.4.272","DOIUrl":"10.12779/dnd.2025.24.4.272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>This phase IIa trial assessed the safety and efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy for Alzheimer's disease (AD). An open-label extension (OLE) further explored the adjunctive role of dexamethasone.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MSCs (n=24) or a saline placebo (n=12) were administered intraventricularly three times at four-week intervals. In the OLE, MSCs and dexamethasone (15 mg, n=5) were administered to patients who received saline in phase IIa. Clinical parameters and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MSC therapy exhibited no significant clinical benefits, but was associated with reductions in CSF AD biomarkers (amyloid-beta, phosphorylated-tau, and total-tau) compared to placebo. The MSC group experienced more adverse events (fever, headache, nausea, and vomiting), while co-administration of dexamethasone appeared to attenuate immune-related reactions and limit increases in CSF white blood cell and interleukin-6.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest exploratory biological effects of MSCs on AD biomarkers, with dexamethasone potentially mitigating MSC-induced immune responses.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02054208, NCT03172117, and NCT04954534.</p>","PeriodicalId":72779,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and neurocognitive disorders","volume":"24 4","pages":"272-285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12599408/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145497643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Executive Summary of 2025 International Conference of the Korean Dementia Association and International Congress of the Asian Society Against Dementia (IC-KDA/ASAD 2025): A Report From the Academic Committee of the Korean Dementia Association.","authors":"Jaeho Kim, Geon Ha Kim, Kyunghun Kang, Hee Jin Kim, Jeewon Suh, Bora Yoon, Hanna Cho, Jung-Min Pyun, Young Ho Park, Han Kyoung Choe, Yun Kyung Kim, Kun Ho Lee, Jae Gwan Kim, Soh-Jeong Yang, Min Jae Baek, Juhee Chin, Hyemin Jang, So Young Moon","doi":"10.12779/dnd.2025.24.4.209","DOIUrl":"10.12779/dnd.2025.24.4.209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The International Conference of the Korean Dementia Association (IC-KDA) 2025 was held jointly with the 19th International Congress of the Asian Society Against Dementia (ASAD) in Seoul, South Korea (May 8-10, 2025), under the theme \"Breaking Barriers of Dementia: From Research to Real-world Practice.\" The program opened with a Pre-Conference Symposium on \"Dementia Treatment Update: Lecanemab and NPH\" featuring 14 speakers, followed by the main meeting comprising 3 plenary sessions (5 speakers), 7 luncheon-symposium presentations, 16 parallel symposia (48 speakers), a special symposium (2 speakers), and 4 oral-presentation sessions (20 presenters). The congress was attended by 1,052 participants from 27 countries and included 213 poster presentations. Scientific highlights spanned the continuum from discovery to implementation: plasma and imaging biomarkers, retinal and electroencephalogram/voice-based digital biomarkers, and multimodal neuroimaging for risk stratification and outcome prediction; updates on anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies (MABs) (lecanemab, donanemab), safety/amyloid-related imaging abnormalities management, and real-world data frameworks; mechanistic and multi-omics insights (genetics, metabolomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics); neuroinflammation and glia-mediated pathways; young-onset dementia cohorts across Asia-Pacific; vascular cognitive impairment trials and pathophysiology; neuropsychiatric symptoms and evidence-based behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia care; lifestyle and multidomain prevention (Mediterranean-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay-based interventions); dementia-friendly communities and caregiver support; and emerging neuromodulation modalities (low-intensity ultrasound, photobiomodulation, vagus nerve stimulation). Together, the joint IC-KDA & ASAD 2025 meeting emphasized precision medicine and implementation science, bridging laboratory advances with clinical practice and health-system delivery to improve outcomes for people living with dementia and their caregivers.</p>","PeriodicalId":72779,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and neurocognitive disorders","volume":"24 4","pages":"209-232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12599462/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145497350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Utility and Diagnostic Accuracy of the Tablet-Based Seoul Cognitive Status Test: Evidence for Scalable Cognitive Assessment.","authors":"Young Ju Kim, Joon Soo Shin, Dayeong An, Duk L Na, Hee Jin Kim","doi":"10.12779/dnd.2025.24.4.286","DOIUrl":"10.12779/dnd.2025.24.4.286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>The Seoul Cognitive Status Test (SCST) is a brief (~30 minutes), tablet-based battery that yields domain-specific and composite scores and uses automated scoring for rapid result generation, reduced examiner burden, and scalability for large or longitudinal assessments. We evaluated the SCST's psychometric and diagnostic performance against multidisciplinary final clinical diagnoses derived from a multidimensional workup.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional diagnostic study of 777 outpatients (SCST-Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery [SNSB] n=639; SCST-Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease [CERAD] n=138) who underwent standardized diagnostic evaluation; multidisciplinary final diagnoses served as the reference. Participants completed the SCST and either the Korean version of CERAD (CERAD-K) or SNSB-second edition (SNSB-II). We assessed convergent validity of SCST subtests with traditional measures and compared SCST composite scores and classifications with reference diagnoses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pearson correlations between SCST subtests and corresponding CERAD-K/SNSB-II measures were all significant (<i>p</i><0.001), with key domain correlations ≥0.7 (language, memory, executive). In the pooled sample, covariate-adjusted receiver operating characteristic area under the curves (AUCs) for the SCST composite ranged from 0.854 (cognitively unimpaired [CU] vs. mild cognitive impairment [MCI]) to 0.980 (CU vs. dementia); AUC for CU vs. cognitively impaired [CI] was 0.903. SCST-based classification sensitivity was 0.859 (CU vs. CI), 0.984 (CU vs. dementia), 0.758 (CU vs. MCI), 0.896 (MCI vs. dementia), and 0.882 (no dementia vs. dementia).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings support the SCST's clinical utility; further studies in broader community-based cohorts are warranted to confirm generalizability.</p>","PeriodicalId":72779,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and neurocognitive disorders","volume":"24 4","pages":"286-300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12599473/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145497183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gait Patterns and Balance Impairment in Parkinson's Disease With Correlation to Disease Severity.","authors":"Danyeong Kim, Da-Eun Jeong, Hyunkyung Yi, Min Ju Kang","doi":"10.12779/dnd.2025.24.4.259","DOIUrl":"10.12779/dnd.2025.24.4.259","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Accurate and early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains challenging, as clinical assessments have notable limitations. Gait impairment, a hallmark motor symptom, appears in the early stages and is indicative of disease evolution. This study aimed to examine gait parameters and their associations with established clinical measures to assess their potential as diagnostic and monitoring biomarkers in a Korean PD cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PD patients (n=18) and healthy controls (HCs, n=15) underwent gait assessments with MotionCore (JEIOS Inc.). Gait parameters were measured during both the 10-m walk (locomotion) and Timed Up and Go (TUG) tests, including stride length, cadence, single and double support time, toe-off time, and turning performance. Clinical assessments comprised the Hoehn & Yahr (H&Y) scale, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III, Freezing of Gait Questionnaire, Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination, Geriatric Depression Scale, and Berg Balance Scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with PD demonstrated significantly shortened stride length and higher cadence. Reduced single support time, extended double support time, and delayed toe-off time were observed in the PD group. Integrating gait metrics from both the 10-m locomotion and TUG tests improved discrimination between PD patients and healthy controls, as well as among different H&Y stages. Turning-related measures were significantly higher in PD patients. Gait measures showed robust correlations with clinical indices, including motor severity, cognitive status, and balance scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Gait analysis identified prominent motor and balance deficits in PD patients that were strongly associated with clinical severity. Gait parameters hold considerable potential as objective digital biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of PD progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":72779,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and neurocognitive disorders","volume":"24 4","pages":"259-271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12599442/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145497330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mendelian Randomization Reveals Unidirectional Links Between Amyloid-β and Tau in Alzheimer's Disease.","authors":"Jun Pyo Kim, Hyunwoo Lee, Bo-Hyun Kim, Kwangsik Nho, Shannon L Risacher, Andrew J Saykin, Sang Won Seo, Han-Na Kim","doi":"10.12779/dnd.2025.24.4.246","DOIUrl":"10.12779/dnd.2025.24.4.246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Prior research has indicated that changes in the amyloid-beta (Aβ) biomarker precede tau biomarker alterations in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, establishing causality through temporal correlations remains contentious. This study aimed to explore the causal relationship between Aβ and tau using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted two-sample MR analyses employing genome-wide association studies (GWASs) summary statistics for Aβ positron emission tomography (PET) and cerebrospinal fluid phosphorylated tau (CSF pTau). Additionally, to reinforce and validate the results of the two-sample MR, we performed two-sample MR using tau PET GWAS summary statistics and one-sample MR analysis using autopsy data. In the one-sample MR analysis, the exposure and outcome variables were neuritic plaque burden and neurofibrillary tangle burden, respectively, determined through neuropathological examination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The two-sample MR analysis unveiled a causal association between Aβ accumulation and CSF pTau level (BETA [standard error]=0.30 [0.10], <i>p</i>=0.004). The absence of heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy was confirmed. In contrast, there was no evidence causally relating CSF pTau level to Aβ accumulation (<i>p</i>=0.56). Our results were reinforced by consistently directional effects observed in the two-sample MR using tau PET GWAS and one-sample MR analysis, indicating a causal direction from Aβ burdens (measured by neuritic plaques) to tau burdens (measured by neurofibrillary tangles) (<i>p</i>=1.24×10^-13).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest a causal relationship between Aβ burdens and tau burdens in AD, reinforcing the notion of Aβ as a pivotal upstream factor in AD pathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":72779,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and neurocognitive disorders","volume":"24 4","pages":"246-258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12599413/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145497637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extensive Cerebral White Matter Involvement and Migrainous Headache in a Patient With Aquaporin-4-Positive NMOSD Mimicking CADASIL.","authors":"Sukyoon Lee, Seong-Il Oh","doi":"10.12779/dnd.2025.24.4.311","DOIUrl":"10.12779/dnd.2025.24.4.311","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72779,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and neurocognitive disorders","volume":"24 4","pages":"311-314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12599437/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145497293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}