Advanced Engineering Materials最新文献

{"title":"The Nonlinear Visco-Hyperelastic Damage Mechanics of Individual Electrospun Polycaprolactone Fibers: Experiments and Modeling","authors":"Sascha L. Granhold,&nbsp;Alberto Madariaga,&nbsp;Matthew J. Lohr,&nbsp;Sarah Jones,&nbsp;Andrew J. Robinson,&nbsp;Elizabeth Cosgriff-Hernandez,&nbsp;Emma Lejeune,&nbsp;Berkin Dortdivanlioglu,&nbsp;Manuel K. Rausch","doi":"10.1002/adem.202500253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202500253","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Electrospinning is a versatile, inexpensive, and, thus, popular manufacturing technique for non-woven fiber materials. Although there is a rich literature exploring the mechanics of electrospun composites or mats, relatively little is known about the mechanics of individual fibers. The goal of this article is to fill this existing knowledge gap, specifically for polycaprolactone (PCL). To this end, this study sets out to characterize the mechanics of PCL fibers under “small” (up to 20%) and “large” strain (up to 100%). Additionally, it captures these mechanics in a thermo-dynamically consistent constitutive model that could be used in predictive frameworks. Thus, individual fibers are tested in a three-point bending setup under cyclic loading of incremental magnitude. These data are also fit into a constitutive model based on the quasi-linear viscoelastic theory by Fung, the damage model by Simo, and the hyperelastic model by Ogden. The data suggest that individual electrospun PCL fibers exhibit strain-stiffening, strain-hardening, and are subject to both viscoelastic and damage-mediated dissipation. The chosen model fits the experimental data accurately and provides new insight into the complex mechanics of PCL fibers. Additionally, the data and model should enable more accurate electrospun network models to improve (virtual) material design.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"27 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adem.202500253","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144582059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical Properties of Different Austenitic High-Nitrogen Steel Grades Produced by Powder Mixtures","authors":"Felix Radtke,&nbsp;Louis Becker,&nbsp;Lars Schultze-Schlutius,&nbsp;Anke Kaletsch,&nbsp;Jonathan Lentz,&nbsp;Sebastian Weber,&nbsp;Christoph Broeckmann","doi":"10.1002/adem.202500885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202500885","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The advantages of nitrogen as an alloying element in austenitic stainless steels has been recognized for decades. However, its solubility varies across steel phases, with the highest in the austenitic solid state. Recent studies show that Si₃N₄ and X2CrNi18-9 (AISI 304L) powder mixtures enable solid-state alloy formation. During hot isostatic pressing (HIP), Si₃N₄ dissolves, allowing nitrogen diffusion into the austenitic matrix, forming high-nitrogen steel (HNS). This study examines the mechanical properties of HNS produced via powder metallurgy HIP and additive manufacturing using a shell-core scanning strategy, followed by HIP densification. Processing routes significantly affect microstructure and nitrogen content. Clear trends are found between hardness, tensile strength, and high-cycle fatigue strength, influenced by processing conditions and nitrogen levels. Additionally, Si₃N₄ particle size distribution impacts microstructure, with larger particles reducing grain size and enhancing strength. A linear relationship is observed between nitrogen content and both hardness and tensile strength.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"27 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adem.202500885","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144681358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Low-Frequency Vibration on the Tribological Properties of Thin-Walled Inconel 601 with Laser Wire Additive Manufacturing","authors":"Guiling Hu,&nbsp;Qigao Feng,&nbsp;Cuiya Feng,&nbsp;Bin Zhang,&nbsp;Lijie Ma,&nbsp;Minghua Pang","doi":"10.1002/adem.202500187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202500187","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study systematically investigates the effects of low-frequency vibration (0–100 Hz, 12 μm amplitude) on the tribological performance of thin-walled Inconel 601 components fabricated via laser wire additive manufacturing (LWAM). A CW1000T single-mode fiber laser is used for the experiments. Key process parameters, including scanning speed (2.5 mm s⁻¹), interlayer dwell time (10 s), and vibration frequency, are analyzed to quantify their impacts on microstructural evolution and wear behavior. Results demonstrate that 100 Hz vibration achieved optimal grain refinement (31.21% size reduction: from 7.53 to 5.18 μm), enhanced surface properties (hardness: from 251 to 281 HV, +11.95%; roughness Ra: from 3.85 to 3.02 μm, −21.56%; hydrophobicity: contact angle from 67.06° to 81.07°, +20.89%), and significantly improved tribology. Scanning direction, the friction coefficients decreased by 12.64% under dry conditions and by 14.23% with oil lubrication. Meanwhile, the wear rates reduced by 26.24% and 26.46%, respectively. Deposition direction exhibited similar enhancements. Mechanistically, vibration-induced melt pool agitation disrupted dendritic growth, promoted equiaxed nucleation, and improved microstructural homogeneity through accelerated elemental diffusion and dislocation rearrangement. These findings provide quantitative guidelines for optimizing vibration-assisted LWAM of nickel superalloys in aerospace thin-walled applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"27 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144582058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Trends in Multifunctional Nanocomposite Coatings through Electrodeposition for Aerospace and Strategic Defense","authors":"Anirudh Sowmiyanarayanan,&nbsp;Satheesh Krishnamurthy,&nbsp;Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian,&nbsp;Praveen Kumar Balu","doi":"10.1002/adem.202402668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202402668","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aerospace and defence components demand coatings with high corrosion resistance, low thermal conductivity, wear resistance, and low friction coefficient to endure extreme conditions like aerodynamic heating, freezing temperatures, moisture, salt exposure, ultraviolet radiation, and mechanical loads. Electrodeposition provides dense, adhesive coatings but faces challenges in homogeneity, scalability, and environmental impact. This review explores co-deposition methods that uniformly disperse two-dimensional nanomaterials into metallic coatings, examining their properties, integration principles, and electrodeposition kinetics to enhance coating performance. Subsequently, the influence of effective parameters, viz., current density (4–20 mA cm⁻²), electrolyte composition, agitation (ultrasonication/magnetic/mechanical), pH (1.5–4.5), and temperature (25–200 °C), on the properties of the final deposits is summarized. Experimental findings reported to date demonstrate that integrating 2D materials substantially reduces corrosion rates (&lt;1.5 mmpy) when compared to metal coatings (around 3.5 mmpy), improved thermal conductivity &gt;450 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ (around 50%), while concurrently achieving up to 75% reduction in coefficient of friction (&lt;0.03). Thus, with the use of green electrolytes, renewable energy sources, and the realization of closed-loop recycling of electrolytes, this technique can be employed for critical components, including gun barrels, recoil springs, landing gears, bearings, pistons, impellers, and fins, in defense and aerospace for sustainable development.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"27 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144582160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tribological Behavior of Wire Arc Additively Manufactured 2219 Aluminum Alloy in Vacuum","authors":"Bin Shao,&nbsp;Qi Xiao,&nbsp;Heng Su,&nbsp;Jiabin Liu,&nbsp;Yingying Zong","doi":"10.1002/adem.202500478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202500478","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wire arc additively manufacturing (WAAM) technology holds great promise for deep space exploration, yet the friction and wear behavior of additive components under space conditions remains insufficiently studied. This study systematically investigates the friction and wear performance of WAAM 2219 aluminum alloy in high vacuum (3 × 10⁻³ Pa) and ambient air, under normal loads ranging from 2.5 to 30 N. At a low load of 2.5 N, the coefficient of friction (COF) is slightly higher in vacuum than in air. As the load increases to 10 N, the COF in vacuum decreases by 9.2% compared to ambient air, converging to similar values at higher loads. Wear loss and wear rate in vacuum remain significantly lower; at low load, wear loss is only 11.1% of that in air. Oxidative and fatigue wear dominate in ambient air, where oxide layer fracture accelerates material removal. In vacuum, adhesive wear prevails, accompanied by a continuous transfer layer and elongated, curled wear debris. These findings highlight distinct wear mechanisms across environments and provide essential insights into the tribological reliability of WAAM components for deep space missions.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"27 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144582159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Doping Mechanism and Photocatalytic Application of F and Ga Co-Doped ZnO Transparent Conducting Films","authors":"Yanfeng Wang,&nbsp;Jianmin Song,&nbsp;Jia Liu,&nbsp;Min Wang,&nbsp;Nan Zhang,&nbsp;Pengcheng Wu,&nbsp;Xudong Meng,&nbsp;Xing Wang,&nbsp;Denglu Hou,&nbsp;Junjie Li","doi":"10.1002/adem.202402770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202402770","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Doping with F and Ga elements individually or in combination has become a common strategy for preparing high-performance ZnO transparent conductive (ZnO-TCO) films. This study employs ultrasonic spray pyrolysis and rapid thermal annealing to investigate the doping mechanism of F and Ga in ZnO-TCO films. The results show that in ZnO films, F not only has a higher doping efficiency than Ga but also has the function of optimizing the film interface. The introduction of these two elements can adjust the preferential orientation of the film, thereby changing the growth structure of the film and affecting the photoelectric properties. The photoelectric performance of the codoped films is significantly better than that of the ZnO films doped with F or Ga alone. When the F:Ga doping ratio is 1:2 and 1.5:1.5, the films exhibit the best electrical performance. However, in terms of comprehensive photoelectric performance, the latter is superior when compared laterally. Additionally, the ZnO-TCO films prepared by F, Ga codoping show excellent photocatalytic ability compared to intrinsic ZnO as photoanode materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"27 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144582082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct Natural and Artificial Aging of Aluminum Alloy AlSi10Mg After Laser Powder-Bed Fusion","authors":"Rabea Steuer,&nbsp;Benjamin Milkereit,&nbsp;Sigurd Wenner,&nbsp;Jette Broer,&nbsp;Florian Huber,&nbsp;Mirko Schaper,&nbsp;Olaf Kessler","doi":"10.1002/adem.202501181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202501181","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present study gives insight into the direct aging of an aluminum alloy AlSi10Mg additively manufactured by laser powder-bed fusion. Pure AlSi10Mg powders, as well as powders inoculated with TiC and SiC nanoparticles before laser powder-bed fusion, have been used. The aging behavior of the as-built condition without intermediate solution annealing and quenching is analyzed via differential scanning calorimetry, hardness testing, and micro- as well as nano-structural investigations. In particular, artificial aging after natural aging is considered. The hardening potential for subsequent artificial aging is high for the top part of the samples as well as after short natural aging. The hardening potential for subsequent artificial aging is substantially reduced for the bottom part of the samples as well as after natural aging of more than a few days. The findings should sensitize the community to manage the process logistics of additive manufacturing and heat treatment in order to achieve desired strength levels for components in service. The addition of nanoparticles lowers the maximum hardness level achievable.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"27 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adem.202501181","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144681357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study on the Mechanism of the Effect of Low-Frequency High-Density Pulse Current on the Strength and Ductility of TC4 Titanium Alloy","authors":"Ping Li,&nbsp;Baisong Liu,&nbsp;Shaofeng Liu,&nbsp;Siliang Yan,&nbsp;Kemin Xue","doi":"10.1002/adem.202500552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202500552","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The electrically assisted forming technique has attracted significant attention in recent years as an effective method for enhancing the formability of TC4 alloys. It has been demonstrated that localized overheating during the tensile deformation process induces premature melting and fracture of the specimen, thereby reducing the material's ductility. This study addresses this issue by conducting tensile experiments using high-density (6000 A, 9000 A) low-frequency (1 Hz) pulsed currents at various strain rates (19.8, 5, and 0.1 mm min⁻¹). The results reveal that the application of electric current can reduce flow stress by 15–44% at lower temperatures. Reducing the strain rate to 0.1 mm min⁻¹ leads to a reduction in the area of cleavage facets on the fracture surface, an increase in the size of dimples, and an improvement in the material's elongation. The application of high-density pulsed current alters the dislocation structure, facilitating the formation of dislocation walls and dislocation cells. This process accelerates the proliferation of dislocation cells, thereby reducing dislocation entanglement. Dislocations are preferentially distributed along subgrain boundaries, resulting in a decrease in the fraction of deformed grains within the microstructure by ≈30%. First-principles calculations are employed to validate the experimental observations and further elucidate the electroplasticity mechanism. The application of an electrothermal field is found to reduce tensile stress, in agreement with experimental data. Furthermore, the introduction of electric current lowered the vacancy formation energy of the material from 11.5 eV to 8.2 eV. Charge density difference calculations indicate that, in the presence of an electric field, atomic charges accumulate in the direction of the electric current, resulting in a reduced atomic charge density in the perpendicular direction. Conversely, when a thermal field alone is applied, despite the motion of charges in various directions, the change in charge density remains relatively small. These findings underscore the distinct effects of electroplasticity and thermal influences on the mechanical behavior of materials, providing a partial basis for understanding the microscopic mechanisms underlying the electrically assisted forming process.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"27 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144782185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of High Entropy Alloy Particles Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites via Ultrasonic Vibration: A Comprehensive Study on Microstructure, Mechanical Performance, and Tribological Characteristics","authors":"Yun Zhang,&nbsp;Kang Gao,&nbsp;Beijia Hu,&nbsp;Pinghu Chen,&nbsp;Ruiqing Li,&nbsp;Ahmed Fouly,&nbsp;Hailiang Yu","doi":"10.1002/adem.202500394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202500394","url":null,"abstract":"<p>High entropy alloy particles reinforced aluminum matrix composites (HEAps/AMCs) often face challenges, such as porosity, uneven particle distribution, and subpar mechanical properties, during manufacturing. To tackle this issue, a casting method combining vortex and ultrasonic techniques is utilized. Extensive analyzes are carried out to investigate the microstructure, hardness, tensile properties, and tribological performance of HEAps/AMCs. The microstructure reveals dispersed irregular gray HEAps containing Cr/Fe-rich face centered cubic phases and Ni/Al-rich body centered cubic phases. These HEAps, together with primary crystal fragments, act as potential nucleation sites and refine the grain structure significantly. AMCs with 1.5 wt% HEAps produced using this method exhibit improved mechanical properties, achieving a peak hardness of 120.5 HV, a superior yield strength (YS) of 120.6 MPa, and an optimal ultimate tensile strength of 217.4 MPa. Furthermore, the inclusion of HEAps effectively impede plastic deformation at the contact surface, enhancing the wear resistance of the composites. Compared to conventional AA2219, the porosity of 1.5 wt% AMCs is reduced by 60.8% due to the ultrasonic cavitation effect. The article thoroughly calculates and analyzes the collapse pressure of ultrasonic cavitation bubbles and their correlation with vibration parameters. The mechanism is elucidated through which ultrasonic vibration affects HEAps and microstructures.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"27 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144582044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Microstructure and Performance of Friction Stir Processed Cu–W Composites: The Impact of Predeformation and Traverse Speed","authors":"Masoomeh Oliaei,&nbsp;Roohollah Jamaati,&nbsp;Hamed Jamshidi Aval","doi":"10.1002/adem.202402272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202402272","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the effects of process parameters and initial strain conditions on the microstructural, mechanical, and electrical properties of tungsten particle-reinforced copper composites fabricated via friction stir processing (FSP). Composites produced from annealed sheets demonstrate greater nonuniformity due to chaotic material flow, while those made from rolled sheets exhibit declining uniformity as the traverse speed increases. Hardness values ranging from 56.3 ± 1.6 to 130.3 ± 2.2 HV are influenced by the initial sheet condition, tungsten particle dispersion, and grain structure. The highest tensile strength (281.2 ± 13.1 MPa) and toughness (86.7 ± 1.4 MJ m⁻³) are observed in composites fabricated from rolled sheets at a rotational speed of 800 rpm and a traverse speed of 20 mm min⁻¹, attributed to uniform tungsten distribution and refined grain structure. Electrical conductivity in the Cu–W composites varies between 61.8 ± 1.2% IACS and 87.6 ± 1.1% IACS. The work-hardening effects in the rolled base metal reduce its conductivity to 85.3 ± 1.3% IACS, while FSP slightly enhances conductivity in composites made from rolled sheets, achieving 87.6 ± 1.1% IACS. In contrast, composites produced from annealed sheets experience further reductions in conductivity due to tungsten particle agglomeration and grain refinement.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"27 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144582343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}