Advanced Engineering Materials最新文献

{"title":"In Situ Micromechanical Study of Bimodal γ′–γ″ Precipitate Assemblies in Ni–Cr–Al–Nb Superalloy","authors":"Ujjval Bansal,&nbsp;Tae-Hyeok Kang,&nbsp;Pyuck-Pa Choi,&nbsp;Subin Lee,&nbsp;Christoph Kirchlechner","doi":"10.1002/adem.70862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.70862","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Inconel 718 is a Ni-base superalloy widely used in turbine disk components due to its excellent strength derived from the high volume fractions of γ″ precipitates. However, a transformation of γ″ to δ phase at elevated temperatures (700°C–900°C) restricts its use. To address this, a polycrystalline Ni–Cr–Al–Nb alloy was developed by optimizing Al:Nb ratio to increase the precipitate volume fraction. In this study, a bimodal microstructure was developed through controlled annealing, in which γ″ precipitates heterogeneously nucleated on γ′ precipitates, forming composite precipitate assemblies with coarse and fine distributions, as revealed by atom probe tomography (APT). In situ scanning electron microscope (SEM) micropillar compression tests exhibited a remarkable room-temperature strength of 1370 MPa and retained a strength of 1150 MPa at 773 K, indicating that the bimodal distribution effectively impedes dislocation motion. Precipitate shearing was found to be the dominant strengthening mechanism, irrespective of precipitate size, as identified by <i>postmortem</i> transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis. The deformation pathway, determined using atomic-resolution high-angle annular dark-field (HAADF)–scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), was an intrinsic stacking fault (ISF) in γ″ coupled with a superlattice ISF (SISF) in the γ′ phase.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"28 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adem.70862","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148943567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights Into the Evolution of Powder Metallurgy Ni-Base Superalloys During Consolidation and Thermomechanical Processing Using Microstructure Analytics","authors":"Luis F. Arciniaga,&nbsp;Pascal Thome,&nbsp;Owen Lowery,&nbsp;Kevin Severs,&nbsp;Paul Wesseling,&nbsp;Mark Hardy,&nbsp;Christos Argyrakis,&nbsp;Sammy Tin","doi":"10.1002/adem.202503148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202503148","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A quantitative assessment of the changes occurring in the microstructure of an advanced polycrystalline, powder metallurgy Ni-base superalloy, RR1073, was conducted using a microstructure analytics approach. This study systematically tracked the microstructural features and physical metrics to understand the evolution of the microstructure starting from the hot isostatically pressed (HIP) condition through billet conversion. From the billet state, two isothermal forging conditions were compared based on the level of effective strain applied. Using advanced quantitative electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), the microstructural state of the HIP, billet, forged unrecrystallized, and forged recrystallized material was evaluated to provide insights into the mechanisms that result in grain refinement and clustering of the intermetallic γ′ precipitates. The methodology used in this study allows for rapid extraction of physically based metrics that can provide quantitative information that can be compared across various thermomechanical processing (TMP) steps directly and help rationalize the changes in the various material states. Findings from this investigation show that the billet conversion process can substantially change microstructural features such as primary γ′ precipitates, grain subsets, and retained plastic strain in the microstructure. It is seen that concomitant mechanisms such as recrystallization, precipitate dissolution, and coarsening compete during TMP.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"28 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148943389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Karl Popper and the Mechanisms of Hydrogen Embrittlement","authors":"H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia","doi":"10.1002/adem.202503067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202503067","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Small concentrations of hydrogen in a diffusible form within iron are well-established to harm the mechanical integrity of steels. There are theories that attempt to explain the pernicious role of hydrogen. The purpose here is to assess the models, in particular with respect to falsifiability and ability to predict any deterioration in properties or phenomena that can help mitigate hydrogen embrittlement.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"28 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adem.202503067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smart Self-Healing Zinc Composite Coatings for Advanced Corrosion Protection","authors":"Durgambika Venkatachalam,&nbsp;Aakhyat Singh,&nbsp;Kanthimathi Saravanan,&nbsp;Yoganandan Govindaraj,&nbsp;J. Manoj Prabhakar,&nbsp;Arulkumar Ganapathi,&nbsp;Michael Rohwerder,&nbsp;Lakshman Neelakantan","doi":"10.1002/adem.202503149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202503149","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The conventional zinc coating can be transformed into a smart coating by incorporating pH-responsive particles through the electro-co-deposition technique. Two different containers were considered: SBA-15 and ZnO, for loading the inhibitor 2-benzothiazolylthio-succinic acid (BTSA). A sustained release was achieved by encapsulating it with a polymer, poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA). Among both the particles, SBA-15-BTSA-PDDA had a higher surface area (10 times), greater pore volume (three times), and better release percentage (two times) than ZnO-BTSA-PDDA. Moreover, the surface charge of the SBA-15-BTSA-PDDA exhibits better stability in the dispersive medium; it was considered for electro-co-deposition. The surface and cross-sectional morphology confirmed the incorporation of particles into the zinc matrix. The electrochemical analysis showed that the Zn-SBA-15-BTSA-PDDA exhibits improved corrosion inhibition performance compared to the pure Zn coating. In the EIS analysis, the Zn-SBA-15-BTSA-PDDA was immersed for 168 h with a scribe (scratch). It shows superior corrosion inhibition with a self-healing efficiency of 87%. The accelerated exposure study of the coating using a salt spray chamber confirmed that Zn-SBA-15-BTSA-PDDA exhibited a synergistic performance in terms of corrosion inhibition and self-healing action for advanced corrosion protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"28 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148943482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase Field Failure Modeling: Brittle-Ductile Dual-Phase Microstructures under Compressive Loading","authors":"Jakob Huber,&nbsp;Jan Torgersen,&nbsp;Ewald Werner","doi":"10.1002/adem.202503052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202503052","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Brazed joints of nickel-based alloys with large gaps between the joining partners can show multiphase microstructures of brittle and ductile constituents. These microstructures show a complex failure behavior that includes microcracks evolving concurrently alongside plastic deformation. A promising approach to model this failure process on the microscale is the combination of phase field damage and crystal elastic-plastic constitutive laws. In the case of external compressive loading, the driving force for damage and the load transmission in areas of damaged material need to be formulated thoughtfully regarding the asymmetric material behavior in tension and compression. Two approaches to account for asymmetric damage from the literature are compared for the case of microcrack-controlled failure of polycrystalline microstructures with a brittle and a ductile phase. The investigated approaches differ strongly regarding the resulting microcrack pattern, the predicted compression at failure and the capability to depict mixed mode failure. An enhancement for one of the existing approaches is proposed based on the incorporation of intrinsic friction in the process zones of the microcracks. The incorporation of intrinsic friction can increase the predicted macroscopic compression at failure by a factor of 2–3. With the proposed, enhancement the two existing approaches can be identified as the limit cases of zero and infinite intrinsic friction in the process zones of the microcracks. To match the elongations at failure observed in experiments, the microstructure has to be modeled in three dimensions, as 2D simulations underestimate the material's ductility. Additionally, the amount of energy dissipated due to the new crack surface and small plastic deformation in the brittle phase showed a strong impact on the ductility of the whole microstructure. Overall, a 3D dual-phase microstructure with intrinsic friction and a moderate amount of fracture toughness in the brittle phase due to microyielding shows good agreement in the comparison with experiments. Consequently, if the advantages of a high-strength brittle phase and a well deformable ductile phase are combined, the brittle phase should show a minimum amount of fracture toughness, in the studied material system, at least 8 MPa<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msqrt>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>m</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msqrt>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$sqrt {mathrm{m}}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"28 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adem.202503052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148943624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-Angle Grain Boundaries and Re-Segregation in Single-Crystalline Ni-Base Superalloys","authors":"Alireza B. Parsa,&nbsp;Aparna Saksena,&nbsp;Alesander Kostka,&nbsp;Pascal Thome,&nbsp;Felicitas Scholz,&nbsp;Alexandre Mussi,&nbsp;Christoph Somsen,&nbsp;Baptiste Gault,&nbsp;Jan Frenzel,&nbsp;Gunther Eggeler","doi":"10.1002/adem.202502851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202502851","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The objective of the present work is to demonstrate that Re-segregation to low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) is affected by the misorientation angle associated with these boundaries. For this purpose, Re-segregation at two LAGBs with misorientation angles of 0.5° and 5° in a negative misfit Ni-base single-crystal superalloy is characterized. The LAGBs form during directional Bridgman solidification and consist of dislocation networks, which separate small groups of parallel dendrites. Site-specific specimen preparations for complementary investigations using high-resolution electron backscatter diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and atom probe tomography (APT) were performed. APT data suggest that a higher level of misorientation is associated with a higher level of Re-segregation. The results obtained in the present work also allow to conclude that grown in LAGBs act as dislocation sources throughout creep. In the early stages of creep, they provide the dislocations which fill the <i>γ</i> channels and form the dislocation networks at <i>γ</i>/<i>γ</i>′ interfaces. During secondary creep, they are subjected to knitting-in and knitting-out reactions, which allow to establish a stress-dependent average dislocation density. It is proposed that in both stages, Re-segregation at LAGBs slows dislocation processes and thus contributes to creep strength.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"28 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adem.202502851","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiscale Optical Characterization of Droplet Size Distributions in Aerosol Jet Printing","authors":"Simon Ferson,&nbsp;Eleonora Ferraris,&nbsp;Maria Rosaria Vetrano","doi":"10.1002/adem.71033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.71033","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ultrasonic atomization is widely used to produce liquid aerosols for advanced manufacturing, yet in situ characterization of the resulting droplet size distributions remains difficult due to their polydispersity and the limitations of individual optical diagnostics. This study uses aerosol jet printing (AJP) as a representative case to examine the multiscale droplet populations generated under standard operating conditions. A theoretical framework for light–droplet interactions clarifies the applicability and uncertainties of common optical sizing methods. Two complementary diagnostics, Phase Doppler Anemometry (PDA) and light extinction spectroscopy (LES), are applied to measure droplets exiting an ultrasonic atomizer spanning submicron to supermicron diameters. Experiments show that the ultrasonic atomization unit in AJP produces a broad droplet size distribution, including a significant population of submicron droplets detected upstream of the nozzle. PDA directly observes these droplets, and LES independently confirms their presence, indicating they are not solely produced by downstream evaporation or fragmentation. Variations in driving voltage, carrier gas flow, and pickup tube position substantially modify the measured distributions, demonstrating strong coupling between aerosol generation and operating conditions. These results highlight inherent limitations of single-wavelength optical monitoring and underscore the need for multiscale, multiparameter diagnostics for accurate characterization of ultrasonically generated aerosols.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"28 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148785110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Front Cover: Feasibility of Nitrogen as a Carrier Gas for Inconel Cold Spray in Hydropower Application (Adv. Eng. Mater. 16/2026)","authors":"Tianhao Wang,&nbsp;Mayur Pole,&nbsp;Tingkun Liu,&nbsp;Kenneth A. Ross,&nbsp;Christopher B. Smith","doi":"10.1002/adem.71170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.71170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Cavitation Erosion Resistant Coatings on Hydropower Components</b></p><p>Cavitation erosion damages hydropower turbines, demanding costly repairs. The cover illustrates cold spray deposition, in which metal powders are propelled at supersonic velocities to form protective coatings on turbine surfaces. Christopher B. Smith, Kenneth A. Ross, Tianhao Wang, and co-workers from Pacific Northwest National Laboratory demonstrate in their Research Article (DOI: 10.1002/adem.70987) that low-cost nitrogen carrier gas, paired with refined powder feedstock, achieves cavitation erosion resistance 1.7 times better than stainless steels used in turbines.\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"28 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adem.71170","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148784134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmentally Friendly Core-Shell P/B-g-C3N4@Cu3P With Strong Interfacial Coupling Effect to Enhance Flame Retardant Properties of Biodegradable Poly (Butylene Adipate-Co-Terephthalate)","authors":"Zijie Liu,&nbsp;Xiaodong Wang,&nbsp;Dewen Xu,&nbsp;Minghua Li,&nbsp;Cheng Wang","doi":"10.1002/adem.71030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.71030","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Developing excellent flame-retardant biodegradable polymers is critical to high levels of fire safety. Herein, copper phosphide (Cu₃P) is cleverly coated on the surface of P/B co-doped g-C₃N₄ (PBCN) by an in situ self-assembly strategy, denoted as PBCN@Cu₃P. PBCN@Cu₃P is added to poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) to build an environmentally friendly core–shell flame retardant (PBAT/PBCN@Cu₃P) by in situ hot-melt method. The strong interfacial electron conjugation effect achieves a synergistic flame-retardant mechanism of gas-phase radical quenching and condensed-phase carbon layer enhancement. As expected, the optimized the PBCN@ Cu₃P/PBAT flame retardant peak heat release rate and total heat release decreased by 22.18% and 13.23%, respectively. Meanwhile, the fracture strength of the composite material remains above 127%. The mechanism of strong interfacial electron conjugation effect on catalyzing carbon formation and inhibiting toxic fumes is investigated by flame retardant characterization and density functional theory calculations. This work provides new insights for the development of efficient, environmentally-friendly, multifunctional bio-based flame retardant systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"28 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148783724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure, Thermal Transport, and Dry-Sliding Tribology of Powder-Metallurgy Al7075 Composites Reinforced With Sol–Gel-Derived ZnO–rGO Hybrid Nanoparticles","authors":"Bunyamin Aksakal,&nbsp;Cevher Kursat Macit,&nbsp;Merve Ayık,&nbsp;Hakan Tutumlu","doi":"10.1002/adem.71026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.71026","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Al7075 hybrid nanocomposites reinforced with sol–gel-derived ZnO–rGO nanoparticles were fabricated by powder metallurgy to examine whether a single hybrid architecture can simultaneously improve hardness, thermal transport, and dry-sliding behavior. ZnO–rGO hybrids containing 1–10 wt.% rGO were synthesized, blended with Al7075 at a fixed total reinforcement loading of 15 wt.%, compacted at 60 MPa, and sintered at 550°C under Ar. X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the retention of wurtzite ZnO and reduced graphitic carbon, uniform hybrid dispersion, and limited interfacial ZnAl₂O₄ formation. Relative to unreinforced PM Al7075, the best-performing hybrid increased hardness from 65 ± 4 to 107 ± 5 HV30 and effective thermal conductivity from 7.84 to 13.27 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹, while reducing the mean coefficient of friction from 0.506 to 0.231 and wear loss from 90.4 to 56.1 mg under 10 N, 50 mm s⁻¹, and 1000 m. The improvement is attributed to a complementary hybrid mechanism in which ZnO provides load-bearing support and dispersion strengthening, whereas rGO contributes low-shear lamellar sliding, interfacial strengthening, and improved heat spreading. These results identify rGO-rich Al7075–ZnO–rGO composites as promising lightweight materials for dry-sliding components requiring enhanced durability and heat dissipation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"28 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adem.71026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148784080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}