{"title":"Effect of Alternating Parameters on Prior β Grain Evolution and Properties of Ti–6Al–4V Fabricated by Cold Metal Transfer Additive Manufacturing","authors":"Shuai He, Jian Gou, Ju Gao, Jingshuai Zhu, Zhongjian Li, Xuecheng Li, Xuedong Bai, Junyi Zhao","doi":"10.1002/adem.71070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.71070","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study fabricated five straight walls of Ti–6Al–4V alloy using the cold metal transfer additive manufacturing technique. The impact of alternating parameters on the alloy's microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance was explored. The findings indicate that the average grain widths of the sample fabricated by alternating the arc mode and travel speed (TS) are 0.735 and 0.760 mm, respectively. Their average lengths are 1.322 and 1.794 mm, respectively. By alternating the parameters, the prior <i>β</i> grain size is significantly reduced. The epitaxial growth behavior of prior <i>β</i> grains in the titanium alloy is disrupted, and the sample's anisotropy is efficiently lessened. Compared with constant parameters samples, the elongation IPA of alternating arc mode sample decreases by up to 81.8%. For alternating TS sample, the standard deviation of the hardness distribution is reduced to 11.97. Alternating TS enhanced the sample's corrosion resistance, with a reduction in surface corrosion pits and a corrosion current density decreased to 3.01 × 10<sup>−5</sup> A/cm<sup>2</sup>.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"28 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149011547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anisa Riaz, Xiaoli Xiong, Yizhou Lin, Muhammad Imran Khan, Samuel Ajayi, Xingyu Wang, Chengcheng Tao, Ying Huang
{"title":"Experimental and Numerical Evaluation of the Enhancement Effect of Metallic Nanoparticles on Epoxy Composites","authors":"Anisa Riaz, Xiaoli Xiong, Yizhou Lin, Muhammad Imran Khan, Samuel Ajayi, Xingyu Wang, Chengcheng Tao, Ying Huang","doi":"10.1002/adem.71161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.71161","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Epoxy is widely used in protective coatings due to its excellent adhesion, chemical resistance, and processing versatility; however, its inherent brittleness limits mechanical durability and wear resistance in demanding service environments. This study investigates the reinforcing effect of ZnO, CuO, and TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles incorporated into an epoxy system at 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 wt%, using a combination of mechanical mixing and ultrasonication to minimize agglomeration. The nano-enhanced epoxies were evaluated through viscosity, hardness, tensile, flexural, abrasion, and accelerated weathering tests. Statistically significant improvements in tensile and flexural strength were confirmed by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett's post hoc test (<i>p</i> < 0.05), with 1.0 wt% identified as the optimal concentration in most cases. CuO produced the greatest enhancement in tensile strength, TiO<sub>2</sub> exhibited the highest abrasion resistance, and all three nanoparticles yielded comparable flexural improvements at optimal dosages. Nanoparticle addition also reduced surface roughness and modified viscosity, reflecting improved coating compactness and processability. At higher concentrations, performance declined in some systems, attributed to nanoparticle agglomeration. Representative volume element (RVE) modeling was further conducted to simulate tensile and abrasion responses at the microscale, with numerical results aligning well with experimental data and offering insight into stress transfer, strain distribution, and particle–matrix interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"28 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149011568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tuning the Microstructure and Tribocorrosion Behavior of Laser Cladding CoCrFeNiMo0.5Ti0.4 High-Entropy Alloy Composite Coatings by Varying the hBN Content","authors":"Yuzhu Wu, Wenlei Sun, Haibo Huang, Yong Huang, Guan Zhang, Songlin Yu, Xiaohong Dong, Qin Zhao","doi":"10.1002/adem.71074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.71074","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To repair oil drill pipe joints that failed due to corrosion and wear under marine and oil-and-gas service conditions, a hBN-reinforced CoCrFeNiMo<sub>0.5</sub>Ti<sub>0.4</sub> high-entropy alloy composite coatings were deposited on 42CrMo steel using laser cladding. The effects of hBN content on microstructure, mechanical response, tribocorrosion, and electrochemical corrosion in 3.5 wt% NaCl were investigated. The results reveal a nonmonotonic hBN effect, with 2 wt% as the optimal addition. At this content, partial hBN decomposition promotes in-situ TiN/TiB<sub>2</sub> precipitation and grain refinement, while the matrix evolves from an FCC/BCC dual-phase structure toward an FCC-dominant structure with a higher fraction of high-angle grain boundaries. This coordinated microstructure improves load support and interfacial stability. The optimized coating shows the lowest tribocorrosion rate of 0.6808 μm<sup>3</sup>·N<sup>−1</sup>·mm<sup>−1</sup>, corresponding to reductions of 95.72% and 88.83% relative to 42CrMo and the hBN-free coating, respectively. The tribocorrosion mechanism is characterized by protected mild abrasive wear, as oxides and residual hBN form a stable interfacial layer that suppresses Cl<sup>−</sup> ingress and corrosion–wear coupling. Electrochemical tests further confirm improved corrosion resistance, as indicated by the lowest corrosion current density, highest charge transfer resistance, sparse pitting, and minimal oxygen enrichment after polarization.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"28 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149011583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Satadipa Banerjee, Hrishikesh Kumar, Pritam Sadhukhan, Sohini Saha, Sougata Saha, B. Maji, M. M. Ghosh
{"title":"Computational Design and Development of a Potent Nano-Structured Zr–Nb Alloy for Dental Implants","authors":"Satadipa Banerjee, Hrishikesh Kumar, Pritam Sadhukhan, Sohini Saha, Sougata Saha, B. Maji, M. M. Ghosh","doi":"10.1002/adem.71066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.71066","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This work reports development of a Zr–Nb alloy with optimized composition through an integrated approach comprising of MD simulations and experiments, for dental implants. The alloy was designed on the basis of Young's modulus and hardness estimated by MD based nanoindentation modelling and assessment of the alloy manufactured through vacuum arc melting process was done by characterization of relevant properties. The Zr-20 wt% Nb alloy showed a perfect balance of hardness (5.73 GPa) and Young's modulus (26.18 GPa). Experiments agreed well with these predictions. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of single β phase structure in Zr-20 wt% Nb alloy and average crystallite size of ~13.6 nm. Surface characterization via FE-SEM, AFM, and EDX verified morphology and elemental composition. The enhanced hardness is attributed to solid solution strengthening and nanostructuring, while β phase stabilization maintained a low Young's modulus. The alloy demonstrated excellent in vitro biocompatibility (100% cell viability) with good cell proliferation and metabolic activity in HEK293T cells over 48-hour exposure period. It exhibited moderate hydrophilicity (<i>θ</i> = 52.17°) and superior electrochemical stability in artificial saliva, evidenced by a low corrosion current density and noble corrosion potential (<i>i</i><sub>corr</sub> = 6.14 μA/cm<sup>2</sup>, <i>E</i><sub>corr</sub> = −0.144 V), reinforcing its potential for biomedical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"28 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149011644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Study on the Identification of Wavy Features of Si3N4 Wafer Microdamage With Improved K-Means Clustering by Incorporating the Centroid Growth Mechanism","authors":"Dongling Yu, Xianqi Liao, Zhixin Huang, Wenjie Dong, Chunjing Xu, Kun Hu, Nanxing Wu","doi":"10.1002/adem.202502549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202502549","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To address the problems of irregular wavy edge contours, blurred edges, and notch misidentification in microscratch damage on Si3N4 wafers, an improved K-means clustering segmentation method with centroid growth fusion is proposed. This method aims to achieve complete segmentation of the wavy edge features of microscratch damage on Si3N4 wafers. Through in-depth analysis of the intermittent notch characteristics of the wavy edge features of Si3N4 wafers, the initial clustering center is set based on the Euclidean distance probability model and combined with the image hierarchical clustering framework to achieve effective separation of image content. An image feature connectivity assessment mechanism is also introduced to enhance the extraction accuracy of target features. The experimental results show that the precision of the proposed method reaches 97.76% and the MAE reaches 3.65 in the comparison experiment with the real label image. This method effectively overcomes the interference of defect segmentation caused by irregular wavy edge contour, blurred edge, and misidentification of notch, and significantly improves the complete extraction ability of wavy edge feature defects of Si3N4 wafers. It provides key technical support for its promotion and application in high-end manufacturing fields such as semiconductors.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"28 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149011535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuru Wang, Mingxiang Liu, Qian Xie, Peitao Xie, Wenbin Su, Yao Liu
{"title":"AgNFs/PVDF Composites With Adjustable Negative Permittivity Toward Electromagnetic Shielding at Radio Frequency","authors":"Yuru Wang, Mingxiang Liu, Qian Xie, Peitao Xie, Wenbin Su, Yao Liu","doi":"10.1002/adem.71067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.71067","url":null,"abstract":"<p>According to the Hagen–Rubens relationship, negative permittivity is an intrinsic characteristic of metals at optical frequencies. However, in the radio frequency, metals typically exhibit conductive properties rather than a plasma state, and negative permittivity inherently faces challenges at low frequencies. In this study, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix percolation composites filled with silver nanoflowers (AgNFs) were fabricated via a hot-pressing process, which induced the α-phase to β-phase transformation of the PVDF matrix as confirmed by XRD and FTIR. The microstructure and interfacial characteristics were systematically characterized by SEM and TEM. The percolation threshold was determined to be approximately 46.98 wt% through conductivity analysis, and the formation of the conductive network was directly visualized by cross-sectional SEM and COMSOL simulations. Above the percolation threshold, benefiting from the enhanced dipolar polarization of β-phase PVDF and abundant heterogeneous interfaces, the composites exhibited a low negative permittivity (approximately −26.42) at 1 MHz. Furthermore, COMSOL simulations demonstrate that the shielding performance gradually improves as the permittivity decreases, especially after it turns negative, highlighting the application prospects of negative permittivity materials for radio-frequency electromagnetic shielding and their promise as a guiding parameter for EMI shielding design.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"28 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149011486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Evgenii Sysoev, Maxim Yu. Arsentev, Maxim M. Sychov, Linar Shafigullin, Michael Nosonovsky, Ekaterina Skorb
{"title":"Front Cover: Influence of Architectural Scaling of Gyroid Lattices on the Coupled Acoustic and Mechanical Performance of Polyurethane-Filled Interpenetrating Phase Composites (Adv. Eng. Mater. 18/2026)","authors":"Evgenii Sysoev, Maxim Yu. Arsentev, Maxim M. Sychov, Linar Shafigullin, Michael Nosonovsky, Ekaterina Skorb","doi":"10.1002/adem.71251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.71251","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Gyroid Triply Periodic Minimal Surface Architectures</b></p><p>Architectural scaling of polyurethane-filled Gyroid lattices tunes the balance between load-bearing and sound absorption. At 4 mm, foam infiltration improves mass-equivalent mechanical performance, while 6 mm cells enhance sound absorption by 12.4% versus the unfilled Gyroid. More details can be found in the Research Article by Michael Nosonovsky and co-workers (DOI: 10.1002/adem.71176).\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"28 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adem.71251","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149011591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Processing and Characterization of Almond Shell Powder Filled Flax Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites","authors":"Sourav Kumar Mahapatra, Subarna Bhowmik, Subham Kumar Bhoi, Alok Satapathy","doi":"10.1002/adem.71076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.71076","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present-day demand for environmentally sustainable and low-density materials in structural applications have attracted research on lightweight bio-based composite systems. In view of this, this study is focused on the preparation and property assessment of flax-epoxy hybrid composite filled with a bio-waste filler, i.e., almond shell powder (ASP). These composites are fabricated with fixed fiber fraction (20 wt%) and varying ASP filler content (0, 10 and 20 wt%) by conventional hand lay-up technique. The composites are subjected to different physico-mechanical tests for property evaluation. The experimental results indicate an increase in void fraction with ASP content due to filler agglomeration and incomplete wetting. Mechanical tests reveal that while the tensile, flexural, and interlaminar shear strength decrease with increasing ASP, impact strength and micro-hardness improve due to the energy absorption capacity and hardness of the filler particles. Stereo-microscopic and scanning electron microscopic images reveal the shape, size, and dispersion of ASP particles and confirm uniform dispersion of filler in the composite. The X-ray diffractograph of filler shows the presence of phases like silica, calcite, and magnesia. FTIR spectra show the presence of carbon functional groups in fiber, filler, and composite. The inclusion of ASP can improve mechanical properties of flax-epoxy composites.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"28 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149011554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Li Liu, Jun Wang, Kaixuan Li, Yang Liu, Rui Wang, Zhaoyang Wu
{"title":"Plasma-Assisted Engineering of Fe–Si–Al/AlN Soft Magnetic Composites for Concurrent Magnetic Loss Reduction and Thermal Transport Enhancement","authors":"Li Liu, Jun Wang, Kaixuan Li, Yang Liu, Rui Wang, Zhaoyang Wu","doi":"10.1002/adem.71065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.71065","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Conventional soft magnetic composite fabrication typically addresses either the insulating phase or powder morphology in isolation, limiting comprehensive performance optimisation. Here, we propose a bulk–phase coupled strategy in which plasma-assisted ball milling simultaneously transforms spherical Fe–Si–Al powder into a lamellar structure and coats it with an AlN insulating layer. The lamellar morphology, via shape anisotropy, extends the upper frequency limit of permeability, while the AlN layer suppresses eddy currents and facilitates heat dissipation. At an optimised discharge power of 1300 W, the composite delivers a total loss of 178.3 kW·m<sup>−3</sup> (10 mT, 500 kHz) and a thermal conductivity of 20.2 W·m<sup>−1</sup>·K<sup>−1</sup>, corresponding to <i>a</i> ∼ 68°C reduction in steady-state operating temperature relative to uncoated Fe–Si–Al under simulated conditions. These results establish plasma-assisted bulk–phase engineering as a generalisable route towards high-frequency, low-loss soft magnetic composites with integrated thermal management capability.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"28 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149011643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lei Liu, Yajing Ti, Tao Jin, Zhibin Zhang, Zhiqiang Li
{"title":"Mechanical Responses of Cold-Rolled AM350 Under Tension: Microstructure, Phase Transformation, and Fracture Mechanism","authors":"Lei Liu, Yajing Ti, Tao Jin, Zhibin Zhang, Zhiqiang Li","doi":"10.1002/adem.71063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.71063","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this article, the tensile properties and fracture mechanisms of AM350 are systematically investigated using experimental techniques such as material testing machines, digital image correlation (DIC), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the cold-rolled AM350 sheet exhibits a dual-phase structure consisting of BCC ferrite and FCC austenite in a nearly 1:1 ratio. During tensile deformation, a phase transition from FCC to BCC occurs, resulting in a single-phase BCC structure. Additionally, deformation-induced dislocation rearrangement forms subgrain structures, and the area of large grain reference orientation deviation (GROD > 5°) reached 33.2% (a 444.3% increase). The plastic deformation mechanisms of AM350 mainly involve dislocation features (e.g., high-density dislocations, dislocation walls, tangles, arrays, and pile-ups) and the precipitation of the Laves phase (Fe<sub>2</sub>Mo). Observations of the dislocation features near the phase boundaries reveal that these precipitates do not exist in isolation but strongly interact with dislocations during deformation. This interaction effectively alleviates stress concentration, thereby suppressing crack nucleation and preventing premature brittle fracture. Ultimately, fracture initiates at grain boundary weak zones and then propagates and coalesces until failure.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"28 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149011549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}