Current research in physiology最新文献

{"title":"Yeast supplementation potentiates fluoxetine's anti-depressant effect in mice via modulation of oxido-inflammatory, CREB, and MAPK signaling pathways","authors":"Augustina Potokiri ,&nbsp;Noah A. Omeiza ,&nbsp;Abayomi M. Ajayi ,&nbsp;Paul A. Adeleke ,&nbsp;Abdullateef I. Alagbonsi ,&nbsp;Ezekiel O. Iwalewa","doi":"10.1016/j.crphys.2024.100132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crphys.2024.100132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The therapeutic potential of yeast in the management of depression is unknown. Thus, we evaluated the modulatory effect of nutritional yeast supplementation on antidepressant activity of fluoxetine in mice models of depressive-like behaviors (DLB).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 112 mice were divided into 16 groups (n = 7 each) for a 3-stage study. Stage I (non-DLB study) had groups Ia (10 mL/kg vehicle), Ib (20 mg/kg fluoxetine), Ic – If (2% yeast diet for all, but Id - If additionally received 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, and 20 mg/kg fluoxetine respectively). Stage II (lipopolysaccharide [LPS] model of DLB) had groups IIa - IIb (10 mL/kg vehicle), IIc (20 mg/kg fluoxetine), IId (yeast) and IIe (yeast + 20 mg/kg fluoxetine). After these treatments for 24 days, animals in IIb - IIe received 0.83 mg/kg of LPS on the 25th day. Except for group IIIa (10 mL/kg vehicle), animals in other groups of stage III (unpredictable chronic mild stress [UCMS] model) were exposed to UCMS for 24 days along with 10 mL/kg vehicle (IIIb), 20 mg/kg fluoxetine (IIIc), yeast (IIId), or yeast + fluoxetine (IIIe).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Yeast and fluoxetine attenuated LPS- and UCMS-induced immobility, derangement of oxido-inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-6, NO, MDA, SOD, GSH, CAT, and AChE) and CREB/MAPK pathways. While fluoxetine had more potent effect than yeast when used separately, pre-treatment of mice with their combination had more pronounced effect than either of them.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Yeast supplementation improves the antidepressant activity of fluoxetine in mice by modulating oxido-inflammatory, CREB, and MAPK pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72753,"journal":{"name":"Current research in physiology","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100132"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the ethical void: Bias in reference citations and its academic ramifications","authors":"Alicia Mattiazzi,&nbsp;Martin Vila-Petroff","doi":"10.1016/j.crphys.2024.100130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crphys.2024.100130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Citation bias receives scant attention in discussions of ethics. However, inaccurate citation may lead to significant distortions in scientific understanding. Although ethnical and gender citation disparities have been proposed as critical aspects, there are other contributors to citation distortions, like region-based citation bias, that, although less recognized within the scientific community, are equally important. While the foundations of scientific citation include acknowledging pioneers, giving credit to related work, and providing background reading, other more subjective or even questionable criteria are often used when constructing a reference lists. Here, we discuss the potential causes and ethical concerns of citation bias, emphasizing the role of international- or region-based citation bias as one of the most harmful aspects of this ethical breach. We argue that the international scientific community should be aware of this problem and recognize its consequences, which include hindering the accurate dissemination of science, marginalizing underrepresented voices in academia, and impeding scientific progress. We advocate that scientists should compile their reference lists with the same seriousness and integrity they apply to all other aspects of their research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72753,"journal":{"name":"Current research in physiology","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100130"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665944124000142/pdfft?md5=d5d24ddee544dbb017b1a99a31ffc726&pid=1-s2.0-S2665944124000142-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141841181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rib cage contributions to inspiratory capacity in patients with cervical spinal cord injury","authors":"Ryo Yoshida ,&nbsp;Kenta Kawamura ,&nbsp;Yukako Setaka ,&nbsp;Hyunjae Woo ,&nbsp;Nobuhisa Ishii ,&nbsp;Masafumi Mizukami ,&nbsp;Hirotaka Mutsuzaki ,&nbsp;Kazuhide Tomita","doi":"10.1016/j.crphys.2024.100127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crphys.2024.100127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Cervical spinal cord injury (CSI) often leads to impaired respiratory function, affecting the overall well-being of patients. This study aimed to investigate the influence of rib cage motion on inspiratory capacity in CSI patients.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We conducted a study with 11 CSI patients, utilising respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP). We measured ventilatory volume by spirometry concurrently with RIP. Participants were instructed to perform maximal inspiratory efforts. Inspiratory capacity (IC) was calculated from spirometry waveforms. We converted the respiratory waveforms of the chest and abdomen into inspiratory volume measured by a spirometer. The inspiratory volume measured by the chest sensor was defined as V_{RIP-rib cage} (V_RIP-rc), and the inspiratory volume measured by the abdominal sensor was defined as V_RIP-abdomen (V_RIP-ab). Subsequently, the relationships of IC with V_RIP-rc and V_RIPab were assessed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The mean IC was 1.828 ± 0.459 L, with the mean V_RIP-rc at 1.343 ± 0.568 L and the mean V_RIP-ab at 0.485 ± 0.427 L. A significant correlation was observed between IC and V_RIP-rc (r = 0.67, p = 0.02), indicating that rib cage motion significantly influences IC in CSI patients.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study highlights the importance of rib cage motion in assessing inspiratory capacity in patients with CSI.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72753,"journal":{"name":"Current research in physiology","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665944124000117/pdfft?md5=eb6e464c840a001eb901e2fc142cd9f0&pid=1-s2.0-S2665944124000117-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141034773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health-promoting benefits of lentils: Anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial effects","authors":"Rachel Alexander ,&nbsp;Abdullah Khaja ,&nbsp;Nicholas Debiec ,&nbsp;Alex Fazioli ,&nbsp;Mary Torrance ,&nbsp;Mohammed S. Razzaque","doi":"10.1016/j.crphys.2024.100124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crphys.2024.100124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper describes how lentils (<em>Lens culinaris</em> species) can positively affect health by reducing inflammation, providing antioxidants, and displaying antimicrobial properties. Lentils are rich in proteins, essential amino acids, minerals, and fibers, making them a valuable source of nutrition, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Lentils have many health benefits, including positive effects on diabetes management, support for cardiovascular health, and antioxidative properties. The antioxidative properties of lentils, attributed to their phenolic content, and their ability to inhibit inflammation-related enzymes are also discussed. We discuss the potential of lentils as a dietary tool in promoting immunity, reducing disease burdens, and preventing nutritional deficiencies. Overall, lentils are a highly nutritious food with various health benefits, including anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. The fiber and protein content in lentils make them beneficial for weight management, blood sugar regulation, and supporting overall gut health. Furthermore, the slow rate at which lentils affect blood sugar levels, due to their low glycemic index, can be advantageous for individuals with diabetes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72753,"journal":{"name":"Current research in physiology","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665944124000087/pdfft?md5=31bd64e476ea1d7030f7fb06acbe3ff1&pid=1-s2.0-S2665944124000087-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140090359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allosteric modulation of serotonin and dopamine transporters: New insights from computations and experiments","authors":"Hoang Nguyen ,&nbsp;Mary Hongying Cheng ,&nbsp;Ji Young Lee ,&nbsp;Shaili Aggarwal ,&nbsp;Ole Valente Mortensen ,&nbsp;Ivet Bahar","doi":"10.1016/j.crphys.2024.100125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crphys.2024.100125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Human monoamine transporters (MATs) are critical to regulating monoaminergic neurotransmission by translocating their substrates from the synaptic space back into the presynaptic neurons. As such, their primary substrate binding site S1 has been targeted by a wide range of compounds for treating neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders including depression, ADHD, neuropathic pain, and anxiety disorders. We present here a comparative study of the structural dynamics and ligand-binding properties of two MATs, dopamine transporter (DAT) and serotonin transporter (SERT), with focus on the allosteric modulation of their transport function by drugs or substrates that consistently bind a secondary site S2, proposed to serve as an allosteric site. Our systematic analysis of the conformational space and dynamics of a dataset of 50 structures resolved for DAT and SERT in the presence of one or more ligands/drugs reveals the specific residues playing a consistent role in coordinating the small molecules bound to subsites S2–I and S2-II within S2, such as R476 and Y481 in dDAT and E494, P561, and F556 in hSERT. Further analysis reveals how DAT and SERT differ in their two principal modes of structural changes, PC1 and PC2. Notably, PC1 underlies the transition between outward- and inward-facing states of the transporters as well as their gating; whereas PC2 supports the rearrangements of TM helices near the S2 site. Finally, the examination of cross-correlations between structural elements lining the respective sites S1 and S2 point to the crucial role of coupled motions between TM6a and TM10. In particular, we note the involvement of hSERT residues F335 and G338, and E493-E494-T497 belonging to these two respective helices, in establishing the allosteric communication between S1 and S2. These results help understand the molecular basis of the action of drugs that bind to the S2 site of DAT or SERT. They also provide a basis for designing allosteric modulators that may provide better control of specific interactions and cellular pathways, rather than indiscriminately inhibiting the transporter by targeting its orthosteric site.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72753,"journal":{"name":"Current research in physiology","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665944124000099/pdfft?md5=bab9f4b69c42da5e6f1b25adf7d53f94&pid=1-s2.0-S2665944124000099-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140281291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of cosmos caudatus (Kenikir) antioxidant properties on bone metabolism marker in rat","authors":"Gadis Meinar Sari ,&nbsp;Idha Kusumawati ,&nbsp;Yoga Akbar Arifandi ,&nbsp;Julian Benedict Swannjo","doi":"10.1016/j.crphys.2024.100128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crphys.2024.100128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cosmos caudatus leaves are one of around 7500 types of plants that are known to have herbal or medicinal plant properties in Indonesia. This research determines the effectiveness of Cosmos caudatus as an antioxidant agent against cells, biomolecules, and bone density. Forty-three male rat aged 3–4 months were divided into four groups.Group P0 was only given distilled water. Group P1 was given kenikir leaf extract at a dose of 0.91 mg/kg. Group P2 was given kenikir leaf extract at a dose of 1.82 mg/kg. And group P3 was given kenikir leaf extract at 3.64 mg/kg ad libitum once a day for 28 days. The highest average SOD level was in the 1.82 mg/bb P2 conversion dose group (1.09 ± 1.76). The lowest mean CTX level was in the P2 group (8.30 ± 1.10). There was a significant increase in mean trabecular bone in the P2 group (43.33 ± 5.32). The number of osteoblast cells increased significantly at P2 (103.94 (SD 38.14)). The number of osteoclasts decreased from the control group (P0) to 0.60 (SD 0.43) at P2. Indicate that the Cosmos caudatus extract may have advantages as an antioxidant support agent for bone metabolism.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72753,"journal":{"name":"Current research in physiology","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665944124000129/pdfft?md5=7976ffd4feb1a042fa623cb561a77e3e&pid=1-s2.0-S2665944124000129-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141039833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional and pathological consequences of being fast on the uptake: Protein kinase G and p38α MAPK regulation of serotonin transporters","authors":"Paula A. Gajeswski-Kurdziel ,&nbsp;Allison E. Walsh ,&nbsp;Randy D. Blakely","doi":"10.1016/j.crphys.2024.100117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crphys.2024.100117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) signaling plays an important role in dynamic control of peripheral and central nervous system physiology, with altered 5-HT homeostasis implicated in a significant number of disorders, ranging from pulmonary, bowel, and metabolic disease to depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The presynaptic, 5-HT transporter (SERT) has a well-established role in regulating 5-HT signaling and is a target of widely prescribed psychotherapeutics, the 5-HT selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Although SSRI therapy provides symptom relief for many suffering from mood and anxiety disorders, response to these medications is slow (weeks), and too many receive modest or no benefit. At present, all prescribed SSRIs act as competitive SERT antagonists. Although non-serotonergic therapeutics for mood disorders deserve aggressive investigation, the development of agents that target SERT regulatory pathways have yet to be considered for their possible utility and may possibly offer improved efficacy and more rapid onset. Here, we focus attention on a significant body of evidence that SERT transport activity can be rapidly elevated by protein kinase G (PKG) and p38α mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) linked pathways, mechanisms that are impacted by disease-associated genetic variation. Here, we provide a brief overview of kinase-linked, posttranslational regulation of SERT, with a particular focus on evidence from pharmacological and genetic studies that the transporter's regulation by PKG/p38α MAPK associated pathways offers an opportunity to more subtly adjust, rather than eliminate, SERT function as a therapeutic strategy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72753,"journal":{"name":"Current research in physiology","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665944124000014/pdfft?md5=8aaa42d377b0af8d4ba73d4e93e63de0&pid=1-s2.0-S2665944124000014-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139392569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urotensin II system in chronic kidney disease","authors":"Olugbenga S. Michael ,&nbsp;Praghalathan Kanthakumar ,&nbsp;Hitesh Soni ,&nbsp;Raji Rajesh Lenin ,&nbsp;Kumar Abhiram Jha ,&nbsp;Rajashekhar Gangaraju ,&nbsp;Adebowale Adebiyi","doi":"10.1016/j.crphys.2024.100126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crphys.2024.100126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive and long-term condition marked by a gradual decline in kidney function. CKD is prevalent among those with conditions such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and glomerulonephritis. Affecting over 10% of the global population, CKD stands as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Despite substantial advances in understanding CKD pathophysiology and management, there is still a need to explore novel mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Urotensin II (UII), a potent vasoactive peptide, has garnered attention for its possible role in the development and progression of CKD. The UII system consists of endogenous ligands UII and UII-related peptide (URP) and their receptor, UT. URP pathophysiology is understudied, but alterations in tissue expression levels of UII and UT and blood or urinary UII concentrations have been linked to cardiovascular and kidney dysfunctions, including systemic hypertension, chronic heart failure, glomerulonephritis, and diabetes. UII gene polymorphisms are associated with increased risk of diabetes. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic ablation of UT mitigated kidney and cardiovascular disease in rodents, making the UII system a potential target for slowing CKD progression. However, a deeper understanding of the UII system's cellular mechanisms in renal and extrarenal organs is essential for comprehending its role in CKD pathophysiology. This review explores the evolving connections between the UII system and CKD, addressing potential mechanisms, therapeutic implications, controversies, and unexplored concepts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72753,"journal":{"name":"Current research in physiology","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665944124000105/pdfft?md5=b046a60ba6af4e51c618900d10735fb4&pid=1-s2.0-S2665944124000105-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140948244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autonomic brain functioning and age-related health concerns","authors":"Amjad Z. Alrosan ,&nbsp;Ghaith B. Heilat ,&nbsp;Khaled Alrosan ,&nbsp;Abrar A. Aleikish ,&nbsp;Aya N. Rabbaa ,&nbsp;Aseel M. Shakhatreh ,&nbsp;Ehab M. Alshalout ,&nbsp;Enaam M.A. Al Momany","doi":"10.1016/j.crphys.2024.100123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crphys.2024.100123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulates involuntary bodily functions such as blood pressure, heart rate, breathing, and digestion, in addition to controlling motivation and behavior. In older adults, the ANS is dysregulated, which changes the ability of the ANS to respond to physiological signals, regulate cardiovascular autonomic functionality, diminish gastric motility, and exacerbate sleep problems. For example, a decrease in heart rate variability, or the variation in the interval between heartbeats, is one of the most well-known alterations in the ANS associated with health issues, including cardiovascular diseases and cognitive decline. The inability to perform fundamental activities of daily living and compromising the physiological reactivity or motivational responses of older adults to moving toward or away from specific environmental stimuli are significant negative consequences of chronic and geriatric conditions that pose grave threats to autonomy, health, and well-being. The most updated research has investigated the associations between the action responsiveness of older adults and the maintenance of their physiological and physical health or the development of mental and physical health problems. Once autonomic dysfunction may significantly influence the development of different age-related diseases, including ischemic stroke, cardiovascular disease, and autoimmune diseases, this review aimed to assess the relationship between aging and autonomic functions. The review explored how motivational responses, physiological reactivity, cognitive processes, and lifelong developmental changes associated with aging impact the ANS and contribute to the emergence of health problems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72753,"journal":{"name":"Current research in physiology","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665944124000075/pdfft?md5=0ef0ee27af3f6ce35d10caf7a05fe301&pid=1-s2.0-S2665944124000075-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140112664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term <i>Xenopus laevis</i> tadpole -heart-organ-culture: Physiological changes in cholinergic and adrenergic sensitivities of tadpole heart with thyroxine-treatment.","authors":"Hideki Hanada, Fumihiro Morishita, Seigo Sanoh, Keiko Kashiwagi, Akihiko Kashiwagi","doi":"10.1016/j.crphys.2023.100100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crphys.2023.100100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study clarified changes in physiological sensitivities of cultured Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 57 <i>Xenopus laevis</i> tadpole-organ-heart exposed to thyroxine (T₄) using acetylcholine (ACh), norepinephrine (NE) and atropine. For preliminary life span and the chemical tests, 60% minimum essential medium (MEM), two types of modified Hank's balanced salt-solution-culture-media (MHBSS-CM) I and II containing relatively lower concentrations of amino acids and collagen were prepared. In preliminary lifespan-test of cultured tadpole hearts, the hearts maintained in 60% MEM was 50 days on average, whereas that of the tadpole-hearts in MHBSS-CMs was extended by 109 days on average, showing superior effectiveness of MHBSS-CMs. 4 min-stimulation by 5 × 10^-9 M T₄ tended to increase the tadpole heartbeat. 10^-9 M ACh decreased the tadpole heartbeat. Frog-heart at 2-4 weeks after metamorphosis completion and tadpole heart treated with 5 × 10^-10 M T₄ for 45 h also responded to 10^-9 M ACh, and low-resting hearts were restored to the control level with the competitive muscarinic antagonist 10^-8 M atropine, whereas excessive exposure of 10^-5 M atropine to T₄-treated tadpole heart did not increase heartbeat in spite of the increased frog heartbeat over the control. 10^-14 -10^-12 M NE increase the tadpole heartbeat in a concentration-dependent manner, however, 10^-12 M NE did not act to stimulate adrenergic receptors on both T₄-treated tadpole- and the frog-hearts. These results suggest that T₄ induces the desensitization of atropine-sensitive muscarinic and adrenergic receptors in organ-cultured tadpole-heart.</p>","PeriodicalId":72753,"journal":{"name":"Current research in physiology","volume":"1 1","pages":"100100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10724204/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54097062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}