Current protocols in toxicology最新文献_第7页

Measuring β-Galactosidase Activity in Gram-Positive Bacteria Using a Whole-Cell Assay with MUG as a Fluorescent Reporter 用全细胞法测定革兰氏阳性菌中β-半乳糖苷酶活性

Current protocols in toxicology Pub Date : 2018-02-13 DOI: 10.1002/cptx.35

Norman H. L. Chiu, Amanda L. Watson

引用次数: 2

A Multi-Parametric Fluorescent Assay for the Screening and Mechanistic Study of Drug-Induced Steatosis in Liver Cells in Culture 多参数荧光法筛选培养肝细胞药物性脂肪变性及机制研究

Current protocols in toxicology Pub Date : 2018-02-13 DOI: 10.1002/cptx.20

Laia Tolosa, M. José Gómez-Lechón, M. Teresa Donato

引用次数: 1

Co-Culture of Neurons and Microglia 神经元与小胶质细胞的共培养。

Current protocols in toxicology Pub Date : 2018-02-13 DOI: 10.1002/cptx.32

Pamela J. Roqué, Lucio G. Costa

引用次数: 30

Metallic Nano-Composite Toxicity Evaluation by Zebrafish Embryo Toxicity Test with Identification of Specific Exposure Biomarkers 利用斑马鱼胚胎毒性试验评价金属纳米复合材料的毒性及特异性暴露生物标志物的鉴定

Current protocols in toxicology Pub Date : 2018-02-13 DOI: 10.1002/cptx.34

Roberta Pecoraro, Antonio Salvaggio, Fabio Marino, Gianfranco Di Caro, Fabiano Capparucci, Bianca Maria Lombardo, Giuseppina Messina, Elena Maria Scalisi, Maurizio Tummino, Francesco Loreto, Giusi D'Amante, Roberto Avola, Daniele Tibullo, Maria Violetta Brundo

{"title":"Metallic Nano-Composite Toxicity Evaluation by Zebrafish Embryo Toxicity Test with Identification of Specific Exposure Biomarkers","authors":"Roberta Pecoraro, Antonio Salvaggio, Fabio Marino, Gianfranco Di Caro, Fabiano Capparucci, Bianca Maria Lombardo, Giuseppina Messina, Elena Maria Scalisi, Maurizio Tummino, Francesco Loreto, Giusi D'Amante, Roberto Avola, Daniele Tibullo, Maria Violetta Brundo","doi":"10.1002/cptx.34","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cptx.34","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nanomaterials (NM) have different shapes and can be composed of different materials such as carbon, silicon, and some metals like gold, silver, and titanium. They are used as fillers, catalysts, semiconductors, cosmetics, drug carriers in medicine, energy storage systems, and antifriction coatings. NM are the parent compounds of nanoparticles (NPs), which may be divided into two groups: fullerenes and engineered nanoparticles (ENPs). After crossing the cell membrane, NPs may be stored in vesicles, mitochondria, and additional organelles within epithelial cells. They may generate reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, and cytotoxicity, as well as denaturation of proteins, apoptosis, and necrosis. Nowadays, new toxicological data are required to assess the potential exposure of the environment and human beings to pollutants. The aim of the present investigation is to evaluate the toxicity of the metallic nano-composite by the zebrafish embryo toxicity test (ZFET). The methods described here can be easily adapted to other nanocomposites or nanomaterials with some variations. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":72743,"journal":{"name":"Current protocols in toxicology","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/cptx.34","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35535354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 29

Behavioral Phenotyping for Autism Spectrum Disorders in Mice 小鼠自闭症谱系障碍的行为表型研究

Current protocols in toxicology Pub Date : 2018-02-13 DOI: 10.1002/cptx.19

Yu-Chi Chang, Toby B. Cole, Lucio G. Costa

{"title":"Behavioral Phenotyping for Autism Spectrum Disorders in Mice","authors":"Yu-Chi Chang, Toby B. Cole, Lucio G. Costa","doi":"10.1002/cptx.19","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cptx.19","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) represents a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by alterations in three behavioral symptom domains: Social interactions, verbal and nonverbal communication, and repetitive behaviors. Increasing prevalence of ASD in recent years suggests that exposure to environmental toxicants may be critical in modulating etiology of this disease. As clinical diagnosis of autism still relies on behavioral evaluation, it is important to be able to assess similar behavioral traits in animal models, to provide biological plausibility of associations between environmental exposures and ASD. Rodents naturally exhibit a large number of behaviors that can be linked to similar behaviors in human. In this unit, behavioral tests are described that are relevant to the domains affected in ASD. For the repetitive domain, the T-maze spontaneous alternation test and marble burying test are described. For the communication domain, neonatal ultrasonic vocalization and olfactory habituation test toward social and non-social odor are described. Finally, for the sociability domain, the three-chambered social preference test and the reciprocal interaction test are presented. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72743,"journal":{"name":"Current protocols in toxicology","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/cptx.19","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34959330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 65

Using Chromatin Immunoprecipitation in Toxicology: A Step-by-Step Guide to Increasing Efficiency, Reducing Variability, and Expanding Applications 在毒理学中使用染色质免疫沉淀:逐步提高效率，减少可变性和扩大应用的指南

Current protocols in toxicology Pub Date : 2018-02-13 DOI: 10.1002/cptx.22

Shaun D. McCullough, Doan M. On, Emma C. Bowers

{"title":"Using Chromatin Immunoprecipitation in Toxicology: A Step-by-Step Guide to Increasing Efficiency, Reducing Variability, and Expanding Applications","authors":"Shaun D. McCullough, Doan M. On, Emma C. Bowers","doi":"10.1002/cptx.22","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cptx.22","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Histone modifications work in concert with DNA methylation to regulate cellular structure, function, and response to environmental stimuli. More than 130 unique histone modifications have been described to date, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) allows for the exploration of their associations with the regulatory regions of target genes and other DNA/chromatin-associated proteins across the genome. Many variations of ChIP have been developed in the 30 years since its earliest version came into use, which makes it challenging for users to integrate the procedure into their research programs. Furthermore, the differences in ChIP protocols can confound efforts to increase reproducibility across studies. The streamlined ChIP procedure presented here can be readily applied to samples from a wide range of in vitro studies (cell lines and primary cells) and clinical samples (peripheral leukocytes) in toxicology. We also provide detailed guidance on the optimization of critical protocol parameters, such as chromatin fixation, fragmentation, and immunoprecipitation, to increase efficiency and improve reproducibility. Expanding toxicoepigenetic studies to more readily include histone modifications will facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of the role of the epigenome in environmental exposure effects and the integration of epigenetic data in mechanistic toxicology, adverse outcome pathways, and risk assessment. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":72743,"journal":{"name":"Current protocols in toxicology","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/cptx.22","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34959894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) for Identification of Designer Stimulants Including 2C Amines, NBOMe Compounds, and Cathinones in Urine 气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)鉴定尿液中包括2C胺、nbp化合物和卡西酮的设计兴奋剂

Current protocols in toxicology Pub Date : 2018-02-13 DOI: 10.1002/cptx.33

Hemamalini Ketha, Milad Webb, Larry Clayton, Sean Li

{"title":"Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) for Identification of Designer Stimulants Including 2C Amines, NBOMe Compounds, and Cathinones in Urine","authors":"Hemamalini Ketha, Milad Webb, Larry Clayton, Sean Li","doi":"10.1002/cptx.33","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cptx.33","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Phenethylamine derivatives are being increasingly exploited for recreational use as “designer” stimulants designed to mimic psychostimulant properties of amphetamine or other illicit substances like 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA [ecstasy]). Clandestine operations meticulously design phenethylamines so the user can bypass legal action when detected, as many of these are yet to be regulated by government authorities. Substituted phenethylamines or 2C amines, N-methoxybenzyl derivatives of the corresponding 2C amines commonly known as NBOMe compounds, and cathinones are among the most commonly abused phenethylamines. Current FDA-approved assays used in screening for illicit drug use lack the sensitivity needed to detect designer stimulants making it challenging for toxicologists to accurately identify these compounds. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is a sensitive method for identifying designer stimulants. This unit describes and compares two qualitative GC-MS methods for identifying 2C amines, NBOMe compounds, and cathinones in urine. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":72743,"journal":{"name":"Current protocols in toxicology","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/cptx.33","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35534904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Inter-and Intra-Laboratory Standardization of TUNEL Assay for Assessment of Sperm DNA Fragmentation 用于评估精子DNA片段的TUNEL测定的实验室间和实验室内标准化

Current protocols in toxicology Pub Date : 2018-02-13 DOI: 10.1002/cptx.37

Sajal Gupta, Rakesh Sharma, Ashok Agarwal

引用次数: 35

Microphysiological Systems to Assess Nonclinical Toxicity. 评估非临床毒性的微生理系统。

Current protocols in toxicology Pub Date : 2017-08-04 DOI: 10.1002/cptx.27

Kirk P Van Ness, Shih-Yu Chang, Elijah J Weber, Danielle Zumpano, David L Eaton, Edward J Kelly

引用次数: 19

Optimizing Dual Fluorescent Analysis to Investigate the Toxicity of AgNPs in E. coli. 优化双荧光分析研究AgNPs在大肠杆菌中的毒性。

Current protocols in toxicology Pub Date : 2017-08-04 DOI: 10.1002/cptx.28

Wei Hong, Shaopeng Chen

引用次数: 1