Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology最新文献

{"title":"Association between depression and anxiety disorders with euthyroid Hashimoto's thyroiditis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Bo Wang, Jie Huang, Li Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2024.100279","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2024.100279","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) affects up to 10 % of the population and is a common cause of hypothyroidism, which can lead to depression and anxiety. However, it remains unclear whether HT directly causes these conditions or if they arise due to HT-induced hypothyroidism. The present review aims to offer meta-analytic insights into the relationship between depression and anxiety in patients with euthyroid HT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang Data, SinoMed, and VIP from their inception through May 2024. Case-control or cross-sectional studies examining the association between euthyroid HT and either depression, anxiety disorders, or both were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For depression, 1365 patients (694 HT vs. 671 controls) from 11 articles were analyzed; for anxiety, 1009 patients (516 HT vs. 493 controls) from 8 articles were included. HT patients had 2.5 times higher odds of anxiety disorders (OR = 2.52, 95 % CI: 1.66-3.82). The Beck Depression Inventory showed a WMD of 4.26 (95 % CI: 1.28-7.24) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory a WMD of 5.10 (95 % CI: 1.55-8.66).</p><p><strong>Limitation: </strong>The findings should be interpreted cautiously due to heterogeneity, potential publication bias, and variability in assessment tools, which may limit generalizability.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Euthyroid HT patients exhibit a higher prevalence of anxiety disorders compared to healthy control groups, and more susceptible to anxiety and depression symptoms based on the Beck Inventory. Thyroid antibodies themselves are also associated with depression and anxiety disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":72656,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology","volume":"20 ","pages":"100279"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11665666/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142883725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiences of participating in cortisol awakening response research: “I was more conscious than usual, I wanted to get it right”","authors":"Natasha Ramachandran,&nbsp;Nina Smyth,&nbsp;Sanjay Joban,&nbsp;Maria Flynn,&nbsp;Angela Clow,&nbsp;Lisa Thorn","doi":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2024.100276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2024.100276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cortisol awakening response (CAR) research relies upon self-collected saliva sampling during the post-awakening period. It is unknown how the CAR protocol is perceived and how they may affect typical routines relevant to CAR methodology. CAR assessment is sensitive to state variables, suggesting that CAR measurement may be affected by research participation. This is the first qualitative study to explore motivation and experiences of participation in CAR research.</div><div>Interviews were conducted with a sample of 20 participants (males/females: 4/16) aged 46-82 years following their participation in CAR research in the domestic setting. Responses were transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed.</div><div>Participants were motivated to take part in CAR research for altruistic reasons and the apparent convenience of undertaking the study at home. Participants experienced the study as arduous describing apprehension and the cognitive burden it placed on them leading to disruptions to sleep and morning routines. Participants also struggled to identify the moment of awakening and there was uncertainty surrounding the timing of the first awakening sample. Disruptions were lessened with habituation to sampling on repeated study days.</div><div>There was apprehension about taking part in CAR research, affecting mood, cognition, and sleep; state variables known to influence the CAR. Findings inform ways to optimise CAR ‘ecological validity’ and obtain typical CAR characteristics. The ‘moment of awakening’, was not universally understood, leading to hesitancy in deciding when to collect saliva samples. Researchers need to include a specific discussion of the commonly experienced ambiguity surrounding awakening to increase awareness, lessen anxiety and highlight its importance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72656,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100276"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding psychological symptoms among Chinese college students during the COVID-19 Omicron pandemic: Findings from a national cross-sectional survey in 2023","authors":"You Xin,&nbsp;Tianrui Ren,&nbsp;Xu Chen,&nbsp;Xin Liu,&nbsp;Yijin Wu,&nbsp;Shu Jing,&nbsp;Ling Zhang,&nbsp;Zhenwei Dai,&nbsp;Ye Wang,&nbsp;Xiaoyou Su","doi":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2024.100278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2024.100278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the Omicron pandemic in late 2022, this study surveyed Chinese students via an online questionnaire to assess their mental health status, prevalence of psychological symptoms, and associated factors. A nationwide cross-sectional survey of 4254 participants was conducted in seven regions of China from January 5 to February 9, 2023. Scales were utilized respectively to measure depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and perceived social support. Descriptive, univariate, and multivariable analyses were performed to identify associated factors. Protective factors against depressive symptoms include regular exercise and robust social support networks, while risk factors involve excessive alcohol consumption, comorbidities, Omicron infection, and irregular sleep patterns. Risk factors for anxiety symptoms include comorbidities, Omicron infection, living alone, and irregular sleep patterns, while social support emerges as a protective factor. For PTSD symptoms, regular exercise and strong social support systems are identified as protective measures, with risks associated with comorbidities, Omicron infection, and poor sleep quality. Students are particularly vulnerable during the pandemic due to their lifestyle and academic pressures. It's essential to bolster their social support and promote healthier habits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72656,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100278"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142701409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A randomized controlled clinical trial of a Wim Hof Method intervention in women with high depressive symptoms","authors":"Robin Blades ,&nbsp;Wendy Berry Mendes ,&nbsp;Brian P. Don ,&nbsp;Stefanie E. Mayer ,&nbsp;Rebecca Dileo ,&nbsp;Julia O'Bryan ,&nbsp;Elena Fromer ,&nbsp;Joanna Y. Guan ,&nbsp;Sylvia S. Cheng ,&nbsp;Ashley E. Mason ,&nbsp;Aric A. Prather ,&nbsp;Elissa S. Epel","doi":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2024.100272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2024.100272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Stress is a driver of depression, and people with depression often struggle to cope with stress and anxiety. This study directly compares the mental health effects of a Wim Hof Method intervention to an active control condition (slow breathing) in women with high stress and high depressive symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We randomized 84 healthy midlife women with high stress and high depressive symptoms to either: 1) the hormetic stress condition based on the Wim Hof Method (WHM) involving a breathing technique designed to induce intermittent hypoxia and cold showers (n = 41) or 2) an active comparison condition involving slow-paced breathing and warm showers (n = 43). We provided participants with daily audio instructions (15 min) for three weeks during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2021). Our primary outcomes were depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and perceived stress collected at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and 3 months later. We also assessed daily stress rumination and affect with daily diary during the intervention, and participants completed a laboratory stressor, the Trier Social Stress Test, before and after the intervention, and provided samples for salivary cortisol reactivity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants in the active control condition perceived the intervention to be more credible and expected greater mental wellbeing benefits compared to those in the Wim Hof Method condition. Differential attrition was observed with six participants (7 %) dropping out -- all from WHM condition. Among the participants who completed the intervention, both groups improved on mental health outcomes immediately after the intervention with a 24 % reduction in depressive symptoms, a 27 % reduction in anxiety symptoms, and 20 % reduction in perceived stress. Improvements were maintained at the 3-month follow-up with 46 % of the sample reporting mild or no depressive symptoms. Participants in the WHM condition had significant reductions in rumination after daily stressful events compared to those in the active control group. Both conditions had reduced daily negative affect across the intervention and lower peak cortisol reactivity to the lab stressor post-intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Counter to the preregistered predictions, and despite participants’ differing expectations, the interventions led to equivalent reductions in depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and perceived stress, which were sustained at three months. They also produced comparable reductions in cortisol reactivity and daily negative affect. However, the WHM condition was associated with greater reduction in reported rumination after daily stressful events than the active control, a finding that needs replication with larger and more diverse samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72656,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100272"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is the Mannheim Multicomponent Stress Test a viable alternative to the Trier Social Stress Test?","authors":"Daniel S. Kashi,&nbsp;Marianne Hunter,&nbsp;Jason P. Edwards,&nbsp;Harry Bell,&nbsp;Megan Robinson,&nbsp;Neil P. Walsh","doi":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2024.100275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2024.100275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) is a widely used laboratory protocol to study acute stress reactivity, a hallmark of which is a meaningful increase in saliva cortisol (&gt;2.5 nmol/L) in most individuals, reflecting hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation. The Mannheim Multicomponent Stress Test (MMST) has potential as a low staff burden alternative to the TSST, with one study showing statistically significant increases in subjective stress, heart rate and saliva cortisol; however, uncertainty remains about the meaningfulness of these psychobiological responses.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To assess whether the MMST is a viable alternative to the TSST.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using a between subjects design, 31 healthy adults were randomised to the standard TSST or the MMST using stratified block randomisation accounting for sex and trait anxiety. The standard TSST consisted of an anticipation phase, followed by a free speech and mental arithmetic task performed in front of a panel of trained actors. The MMST consisted of a computer based Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (cognitive stressor) with additional motivational, emotional and acoustic stressors in the presence of one unresponsive observer.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Group × time interactions showed that the MMST induced smaller psychobiological responses compared with the TSST (mixed model ANCOVA, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Post-hoc analyses revealed that the MMST induced a significant yet smaller state anxiety response (score range 20–80, MMST: 47 ± 12 <em>vs.</em> TSST: 57 ± 9; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01, Cohens <em>d</em> = 0.9) and peak heart rate response (MMST: 98 ± 17 <em>vs.</em> TSST: 110 ± 21 bpm; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05, Cohens <em>d</em> = 0.6) compared with the TSST. Despite observing stereotypical neuroendocrine responses to the TSST, the MMST did not increase saliva α-amylase or cortisol (Δ saliva cortisol, 0.1 ± 1.1 <em>vs.</em> TSST: 10.3 ± 12.8 nmol/L; between group difference <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01, Cohens <em>d</em> = 1.1). Moreover, meaningful increases in saliva cortisol (&gt;2.5 nmol/L) were observed in 80% of participants after the TSST but in no participant after the MMST.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The Mannheim Multicomponent Stress Test increased state anxiety and heart rate but not saliva cortisol. As such, the present results do not support the utility of the Mannheim Multicomponent Stress Test as a viable alternative to The Trier Social Stress Test.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72656,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100275"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142701408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived partner responsiveness alters the association between marital distress and well-being in dementia spousal caregivers","authors":"Vincent D. Lai ,&nbsp;Jensine Paoletti-Hatcher ,&nbsp;E. Lydia Wu-Chung ,&nbsp;Itee Mahant ,&nbsp;Daniel L. Argueta ,&nbsp;Kelly N. Brice ,&nbsp;Bryan T. Denny ,&nbsp;Charles Green ,&nbsp;Luis D. Medina ,&nbsp;Paul E. Schulz ,&nbsp;Jennifer M. Stinson ,&nbsp;Cobi J. Heijnen ,&nbsp;Christopher P. Fagundes","doi":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2024.100271","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2024.100271","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Caregivers for spouses with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) experience drastic changes in the marital relationship that may put them at risk for worsening well-being. Perceived partner responsiveness, or feeling cared for, understood, and appreciated by one's spouse, may help mitigate these effects. In this study, we investigated the associations between marital distress, perceived partner responsiveness, and psychological and physiological well-being indicators among ADRD spousal caregivers.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A sample of 161 caregivers provided blood samples and completed self-report measures of marital distress, perceived partner responsiveness, and depressive symptoms. We tested hypotheses in our sample cross-sectionally based on two theoretical frameworks.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Testing the marital discord model of depression, caregivers who reported greater marital distress also reported more depressive symptoms, and this association was stronger as participants reported lower perceived partner responsiveness. Caregivers who reported greater marital distress exhibited elevated proinflammatory cytokine production by in vitro lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated peripheral blood leukocytes at low levels of perceived partner responsiveness, but not mean or high levels. Testing the vulnerability-stress-adaptation model, caregivers who reported more depressive symptoms also reported greater marital distress. Further, caregivers who exhibited elevated LPS-stimulated proinflammatory cytokine production reported greater marital distress at mean and high levels of perceived partner responsiveness, but not low levels. These patterns of results held even when accounting for the dementia stage and reported hours of caregiving per day.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>This study's findings contribute to the body of research examining interpersonal factors that shape health and well-being among the caregiver population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72656,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100271"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distress and inflammation are independently associated with cancer-related symptom severity","authors":"Tamara E. Lacourt ,&nbsp;D. Tripathy ,&nbsp;Maria C. Swartz ,&nbsp;Emily C. LaVoy ,&nbsp;Cobi J. Heijnen","doi":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2024.100269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2024.100269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate longitudinal associations of distress and inflammation with somatic and depressive symptom severity in breast cancer patients, from before to six months after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We also explored feasibility and effects of an early mindfulness-based intervention for preventing or reducing somatic and depressive symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Longitudinal pilot study with a randomized waitlist-controlled intervention design. Women with breast cancer were randomized to receive access to a smartphone application offering meditation exercises, either immediately after baseline testing (intervention group) or after study completion (control group) in a 1:1 ratio. Assessments (self-report questionnaires and a blood draw when feasible) were completed before, halfway through, immediately after, and 6 months after completing neoadjuvant chemotherapy.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fifty evaluable women were enrolled. Somatic symptom severity increased during chemotherapy, whereas depressive symptom severity was at its peak before treatment and declined gradually thereafter. Distress was positively associated with depressive symptom severity. Only Distress Thermometer-results were positively associated with somatic symptom severity. Inflammation was positively associated with both types of symptoms, and distress did not moderate the associations between inflammation and symptom severity. Intervention adherence was low and no intervention effect on symptom experience was observed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Inflammation and distress are independently associated with somatic and depressive symptoms experienced during breast cancer treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72656,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100269"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxytocin and our place in the universe","authors":"Julie R. Korenberg","doi":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2024.100270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2024.100270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Is the oxytocin-vasopressin (OT-AVP) system a part of the unseen force that subtly (in a clever and indirect way) directs our human fascination to ourselves? And is it possible that this fundamental drive is the inevitable handmaiden of the genetic selection for survival and reproduction that is played out at the level of the individual, the family and the society? Perhaps. But an equally intense biological drive to experience the unknown is intertwined and exists in the individual as “curiosity”. Both are essential for survival and success of the species. Curiously, the path to understanding ourselves, the joy of discovery and joining with others on this imperial journey to the OT-AVP system may itself be driven by the same system. I have been driven and inspired to understand “Us” for some unseen reason. This chapter relates how a driving curiosity and search for meaning led to the critical training and inspired mentorship essential for developing novel genetic, cellular and imaging technologies necessary for each advance toward this deeper understanding. Specifically, the chapter describes my recognition of human “Genetics” as the hub of medicine and the language of human neurobiology. We then set out the rationale for and sequential development of four technologies (dense whole genome arrays of genomic markers integrated with the recombination map; needed to genetically dissect and define the genetic contributions to the distinct features of brain and social behavior in Down syndrome and Williams syndrome. These include generation of 1) dense whole genome arrays of genomic markers integrated with the recombination and gene maps for defining rare cases of WS differing by one or more deleted genes, 2) analytic methods for parsing genetic contributions to standardized outcomes of cognitive and behavioral data, 3) technologies using multicolor and multi temporal fluorescence <em>in situ</em> hybridization to define the subcellular and neuroanatomic localization of candidate genes in the non-human primate (macaque) brain, and 4) an approach to integrating timed measures of blood neuropeptides and genomic DNA sequence variants with self-reported religious experience in devout members of the LDS church. Working across evolution and ontogeny at the cellular, neural systems and organismal levels, has led to a suspicion that a bit of the grand design may involve OT, AVP and their partners in the subtle and artful processes of the last one-half billion years that link survival of our species with our prized capacity for abstract thought and spirituality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72656,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100270"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addendum to “Reflections on the study of empathy in a sample of refugees and migrants from Arabic-speaking countries with diverse experiences of war-related trauma” [Compr. Psychoneuroendocrinology 19C (2024) 100253]","authors":"Christiane Wesarg-Menzel ,&nbsp;Mathilde Gallistl ,&nbsp;Michael Niconchuk ,&nbsp;Veronika Engert","doi":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2024.100264","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2024.100264","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72656,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100264"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142418641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxytocin in growth, reproduction, restoration and health","authors":"Kerstin Uvnäs Moberg","doi":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2024.100268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2024.100268","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;This article summarizes my scientific work and describes some personal experiences during this period. After my basal medical training (MD) (1971), I obtained a PhD in pharmacology (1976) and ended up as a professor of Physiology.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;My initial studies were within the field of gastroenterology. I showed that the gastrointestinal hormone gastrin, which stimulates HCL secretion in the stomach, was released in response to stimulation of the vagal nerve. Later I showed that the entire endocrine system of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that promotes digestion and anabolic metabolism and growth was under vagal nerve control. I also showed that activation of the vagal nerve inhibits the function of the inhibitory substance somatostatin.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;10 years later, after some big changes in my personal life, my research focus changed. I became interested in female physiology, particularly the role of oxytocin. In addition, I became aware of the situation of female scientists and started to work with questions regarding equality between women and men.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;I gathered a group of interested female medical students and midwives around me. We demonstrated that breastfeeding and touch (e.g., between mother and baby), via stimulation of sensory nerves in the skin, activated the endocrine system of the GI tract and, thereby, anabolic processes and growth. The effects were exerted via a vagal mechanism and involved activation of parvocellular oxytocinergic neurons from the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). We also showed that the gastrointestinal hormone cholecystokinin stimulated the release of oxytocin in a calorie-dependent way via an afferent vagal mechanism.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;In summary, there is a bidirectional, vagally mediated connection between the endocrine system of the GI tract and the oxytocin producing neurons in the supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei of the hypothalamus.1. Oxytocinergic neurons from the PVN enhances the activity of the endocrine system of the GI tract and thereby growth and regeneration. The effect is exerted via efferent vagal fibers which inhibit the release of somatostatin. 2. Food in the duodenum triggers a release of cholecystokinin (CCK), which via a vagal afferent mechanism stimulates the release and function of oxytocin. This mechanism is not activated in the absence of food intake.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Administration of oxytocin induces a multitude of actions, i.e., anxiolytic and sedative effects, increased pain threshold, lowering of cortisol and blood pressure and an increased activity of the endocrine system of the GI tract. Repeated administration of oxytocin may induce long-term effects and “secondary” mechanisms such as an increased activity of alpha-2- adrenoceptors are involved.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Oxytocin released by suckling during breastfeeding or by touch during social interaction will induce a similar effect spectrum. Activation of the parvocellular neurons will stimulate some aspects of social behavior,","PeriodicalId":72656,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100268"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142418640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}