Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology最新文献

{"title":"Influence of resilience on autonomic nervous system habituation to repeated stress exposure: Insights from heart rate variability and heart rate response","authors":"Christoph Rösner ,&nbsp;Husein Maryam ,&nbsp;Oliver Tüscher ,&nbsp;Katja Petrowski","doi":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2026.100349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2026.100349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><div>This study examines resilience's role in modulating autonomic nervous system (ANS) responses to repeated psychosocial stress, assessed via heart rate variability (HRV) and heart rate (HR) changes.</div></div><div><h3>Design and methods</h3><div>Sixty healthy males completed the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) across four sessions, each with six stress phases, to evaluate acute stress response and physiological habituation. Resilience, measured by the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), was analyzed in relation to HR, HRV indices.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Resilient individuals exhibited better physiological recovery after acute stressor, with increased RMSSD and SDNN post-stress and reduced HR, peak HR, and delta HR for repeated stressor. While HR parameters habituated to repeated stress, anticipatory anxiety (pre-TSST STAI) increased, highlighting a distinction between physiological adaptation and psychological stress anticipation. Despite RMSSD, SDNN and LF recovery after acute stressor, resilience did not significantly impact high-frequency (HF) power.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Resilience appears to enhance physiological recovery after acute stressor and adaptive physiological regulation under repeated stress, supporting its role as a protective factor. These findings have implications for interventions aimed at strengthening stress resilience and reducing allostatic load.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72656,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100349"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147803442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of rumination and reappraisal on repeated exposure to stress","authors":"Katja Langer,&nbsp;Oliver T. Wolf,&nbsp;Valerie L. Jentsch","doi":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2026.100351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2026.100351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adequate recovery and habituation to acute stressors in daily life are essential for mental health. One potential moderator might be the use of different emotion regulation (ER) strategies contributing to interindividual differences in vulnerability to chronic stress. Rumination has been linked to impaired endocrine adaptation, whereas reappraisal tendencies have been associated with boosted habituation to psychosocial stress. Yet, no experimental study has directly compared the causal effects of these strategies on psychoneuroendocrine responses to repeated stress. To address this gap, 91 healthy participants (47 women) underwent a short Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) twice on two consecutive days and were randomly assigned to a rumination, reappraisal, or control intervention in between. Cognitive-affective ratings indexed psychological stress, while salivary cortisol, alpha-amylase (sAA), and heart rate (HR) served as biomarkers. Across the entire sample, reduced increases in negative affect and cortisol in response to the second TSST confirmed successful habituation. As expected, rumination immediately increased negative affect, reduced positive affect, and lowered perceived coping abilities indicating successful induction of ruminative thinking. Moreover, it prevented physiological habituation to repeated stress, evidenced by stable cortisol and HR responses. Unexpectedly, reappraisal also lowered perceived coping abilities in men, followed by prolonged sAA reactivity to the first stress exposure, hinting at a sex-specific impairing effect of reappraisal on noradrenergic recovery. However, reappraisal neither affected cortisol recovery nor habituation, which may result from generally poor reappraisal performance. Together, these findings provide initial evidence for differential effects of rumination and reappraisal on psychophysiological adaptations to repeated TSST exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72656,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100351"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147849940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic syndromes mediate the association between depression and cardiovascular diseases in the UK Biobank Population Study","authors":"Tingting Lan ,&nbsp;Yanqing Zhu ,&nbsp;Guoqi Cai ,&nbsp;Faming Pan ,&nbsp;Mengmeng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2026.100340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2026.100340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to assess the potential mediating role of metabolic syndrome (MetS) between depression and cardiovascular disease (CVD).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This population-based prospective cohort study analyzed data collected between March 2006 and December 2010 from 353,610 participants aged 37 to 73 years from the UK Biobank. Depression was assessed using self-reported questionnaires and linked hospital-based clinical depression diagnosis. MetS was defined as the presence of 3 or more of unhealthy waist circumference, dyslipidemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia. Incident CVD was identified through linked hospital and death records. Counterfactual-based mediation analysis was conducted to estimate the mediating effect.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After an average follow-up of 15 years, 38424 CVD events occurred in 353,610 participants (55% women; mean age at baseline, 56 years). Study findings indicated a significant direct association between depression and CVD (HR = 1.310; 95% CI, 1.277-1.342). A significant indirect association was also observed between depression and CVD (HR = 1.035; 95% CI, 1.031-1.037), indicating that 12.9% of the association of depression with CVD was mediated by MetS. Among the components of MetS, unhealthy waist circumference showed the largest estimated mediated proportion (PM = 10.2%; NIE HR = 1.027). MetS accounted for a higher proportion of the association between depression and CVD in males (PM = 14.2%; NIE HR = 1.026), than females (PM = 11.2%; NIE HR = 1.034). Blood pressure mediated the association only in participants aged ≥55 years (PM = −2.2%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>MetS partially mediates the association between depression and CVD during midlife. Unhealthy waist circumference may be the most important potential target for preventive interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72656,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100340"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147357797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the mediating roles of diet and physical activity in the association between different obesity phenotypes and risk of depression: A cox survival analysis approach","authors":"Yang Liu ,&nbsp;Yue Zheng ,&nbsp;Mingfang Wang ,&nbsp;Juan Liao ,&nbsp;Lu Long","doi":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2025.100332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2025.100332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although obesity has been linked to an increased risk of depression, the risk associated with different obesity phenotypes remain unclear, as does the role of lifestyle behaviors. Participants from the UK Biobank who were free of depression at the baseline and had complete data on body composition and metabolism-related measures were selected and followed up. Multivariable Cox models were employed to assess the risk of developing depression according to obesity phenotypes. Mediation analyses were conducted to evaluate the potential mediating effects of diet and physical activity in this association. Among 391,781 participants, a total of 20,027 incident depression was recorded after a median follow-up period of 13.39 years. Our study revealed that different obesity phenotypes increased the risk of depression to varying degrees. Compared with healthy non-obese individuals, those with BMI ≥30 kg/m² only had the lowest risk of depression (HR: 1.15, 95 %CI: 1.04, 1.28), and then followed by central obesity (HR: 1.60, 95 %CI: 1.51, 1.70), metabolically unhealthy obesity (HR: 1.63, 95 %CI: 1.56, 1.70). Sarcopenic obesity results in the highest risk of depression among these four phenotypes (HR: 1.86, 95 %CI: 1.40, 2.46). Both physical activity and diet mediated the effect of the four obesity phenotypes on the risk of depression. In the relationship between BMI ≥30 only and depression, physical activity mediated for 2.49 % and diet mediated for 1.60 %. Between metabolically unhealthy obesity and depression, physical activity mediated for 7.08 % and diet mediated for 1.86 %. This set of data was 5.29 % and 1.47 % in the relationship between central obesity and depression, and 6.22 % and 1.25 % in the relationship between sarcopenic obesity and depression. Subgroup analyses revealed that the female with obesity (including four types) had a higher risk of depression compared to the male, whereas individuals aged 60 years or older and those who were former or current smokers with obesity (except sarcopenic obesity) exhibited a lower risk of depression. These findings provide a basis for the prevention of obesity-depression comorbidity in obese patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72656,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100332"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between anxiety symptoms on risky e-biking riding behavior among adolescents: based on gut-brain axis","authors":"Liting Zhou ,&nbsp;Jiayu Liu ,&nbsp;Shuyi Li ,&nbsp;Yujun Xiong ,&nbsp;Feifeng Qin ,&nbsp;Zhongyun Luo ,&nbsp;Dongmei Huang ,&nbsp;Huihe Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaomin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2026.100337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2026.100337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the association between anxiety symptoms and risky e-bike riding behavior (RERB) among adolescents and to explore whether gut microbiota mediates this relationship.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Adolescents using e-bikes were recruited through a combined online and offline recruitment approach. Data collection involved supervised electronic questionnaire completion in face-to-face settings, with biological samples collected independently by participants. Anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale. RERB were evaluated via a structured questionnaire, yielding separate scores for aggressive behaviors (ABS), violation behaviors (VBS), and negligent behaviors (NES), along with total behavior scores (TBS). Fecal samples were obtained for metagenomic sequencing to characterize gut microbiota composition. Multiple linear regression was employed to elucidate the associations between anxiety symptoms and RERB. Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLS-PM) was applied to evaluate the potential mediating role of gut microbiota in these associations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 71 adolescents were included in this cross-sectional study. Anxiety symptoms were significantly associated with RERB, including TBS and VBS (both <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Among the 15 microbial genera identified from fecal samples, 17 species showed significant association with both anxiety symptoms and RERB. PLS-PM modeling revealed a significant mediating effect of specific gut microbiota in the anxiety→behavior pathway, particularly for TBS and VBS. In contrast, for ABS, a reverse pathway—microbiota→anxiety→behavior—was found significant.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Anxiety symptoms were significantly associated with RERB among adolescents. Specific gut microbiota may mediate these associations, suggesting a potential microbiota–brain–behavior pathway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72656,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100337"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reviewer Acknowledgement","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2026.100339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2026.100339","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72656,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100339"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147420172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The correlational study of the 24 solar terms and meteorological factors with the acute exacerbation of bipolar disorder","authors":"Jian Chen ,&nbsp;Tingting Wu ,&nbsp;Hongyu Wu ,&nbsp;Jingying Zhou ,&nbsp;Wenfei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2025.100336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2025.100336","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe mood disorder, and increasing evidence suggests that acute episodes of BD may exhibit seasonal patterns. However, the relationship between acute BD episodes and meteorological factors remains a contentious issue in academia. This study aims to investigate the distribution of BD acute episodes across 24 solar terms, offering a fresh perspective on the link between BD acute episodes and meteorological factors.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This analysis was based on retrospectively collected hospitalization records from patients with acute BD episodes at Anhui Mental Health Center (2020–2022), and contemporaneous meteorological data.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The two peaks of BD manic episodes occurred during Rainwater and Grain in Ear solar terms, whereas the peak of depressive episodes was observed during Rainwater and Summer Solstice solar terms. BD manic episodes were significantly correlated with temperature differences, interday temperature differences and interday wind speed differences. Depressive episodes were significantly correlated with the temperature difference, interday wind speed difference and atmospheric pressure. Linear regression analysis revealed that the interday atmospheric pressure difference and interday temperature difference were significantly associated with acute BD episodes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study conducted a large-scale survey on the distribution of acute BD episodes across 24 solar terms in the Chinese population and their correlations with meteorological factors and sociodemographic characteristics. The findings indicate that the distribution of BD acute episodes varies across the 24 solar terms and that there is a correlation between BD acute episodes and certain meteorological factors, particularly drastic changes in temperature and atmospheric pressure, which may account for the differences in the number of BD acute episodes across the solar terms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72656,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100336"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of gender-affirming hormonal treatment on personality traits - a NEO-PI-R study","authors":"Mats Holmberg ,&nbsp;Alex Wallen ,&nbsp;Ivanka Savic","doi":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2026.100338","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2026.100338","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Gender-affirming hormone therapy is a crucial component of the medical transition for many transgender individuals. While there are well-established differences in personality traits between cisgender men and women, the effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy on these traits in transgender individuals remain largely unexplored.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>The primary aim of this study was to investigate whether gender-affirming hormone therapy affects personality traits in transgender individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Adult transgender persons referred for gender-affirming hormone therapy to ANOVA, Center for Andrology, Sexual Medicine, and Trans Medicine at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, completed the NEO-PI-R inventory once before starting hormone therapy and once after a minimum of six months of either anti-androgen and estradiol treatment or testosterone therapy. Changes in scores were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test. Patients who had any known hormonal, chromosomal, psychiatric, neurological, or other major medical disorders were excluded from the study.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At baseline, the assigned female at birth (AFAB) had significantly higher NEO-PI-R scores in the dimension ”Agreeableness” and the facets E5 “Excitement seeking” and A2 ”Straightforwardness” compared to the assigned male at birth (AMAB). With treatment, the AMAB showed an increase in O3 “Feelings” (md = 2.00; IQR = 0.00−11.50; <em>p</em> = 1.5E-02) and the AFAB showed a decrease in “Neuroticism” (md = −2.00; IQR = −5.50−1.00; <em>p</em> = 3.8E-02), N3 “Depression” (md = −3.00; IQR = −8.25−3.00; <em>p</em> = 2.8E-02), and N6 “Vulnerability” (md = −4.50; IQR = −9.00−2.00; <em>p</em> = 90E-03), as well as an increase in “Actions” (median = 4.00; IQR = −2.50−8.00; <em>p</em> = 1.7E-02). After treatment, the greatest difference between the groups was seen in N6 “Vulnerabiliy”. In AMAB, significant negative correlations between the change in NEO-PI-R score and the change in estradiol were found in 2 dimensions and 6 facets.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Few changes in personality traits were observed, but they aligned with expectations based on established sex differences in personality traits. In general, more changes were observed in the testosterone treated group. The reduction in “Neuroticism” and “Vulnerability” in the AFAB with treatment, but a worsening or no change in the AMAB may be concerning. Further studies are needed to solidify these results and explore the underlying causes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72656,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100338"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Systemic inflammatory indices and the risk of depression in individuals with sleep difficulties: A cohort study based on NHANES 2005–2020\" [Compr. Psychoneuroendocrinology 23 (2025) 100299]","authors":"Ruolin Zhu ,&nbsp;Lu Wang ,&nbsp;Xingqi Wu ,&nbsp;Kai Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2025.100335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2025.100335","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72656,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100335"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147420173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cortisol-to-DHEAS awakening response ratio in people with dementia and family caregivers: Associations with age, dementia severity and agitation","authors":"Wanrui Wei ,&nbsp;Töres Theorell ,&nbsp;Gabriella Engstrom ,&nbsp;Azita Emami","doi":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2025.100334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2025.100334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The ratio of cortisol to dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) in the awakening response has emerged as a potential biomarker of stress-related dysregulation in neurodegenerative conditions. Whether this ratio differs between people with dementia (PWD) and family caregivers, and how it varies with age, sex, dementia severity and agitation, remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed 1093 day-level saliva samples from 58 participants (PWD = 28; caregivers = 30). The primary outcome was the log-transformed awakening response ratio of cortisol to DHEAS. Linear mixed-effects models with a participant random intercept and natural splines for age estimated group contrasts as geometric mean ratios (GMRs) from estimated marginal means. Fixed-effect predictors included age, sex, dementia severity (Global Deterioration Scale, GDS), and agitation (Brief Agitation Rating Scale, BARS). Model comparisons were conducted. Within PWD, mean-centered models tested one interaction at a time (Sex × GDS, Sex × BARS, Age × GDS, Age × BARS).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There was no between-group difference in the ratio after accounting for within-participant clustering and age (GMR = 0.97, 95 % CI 0.64–1.46; <em>p</em> = 0.87). Within PWD, interaction models indicated that the association between age and the ratio strengthened with higher dementia severity (<em>β</em> = 0.043, <em>p</em> = 0.04) and greater agitation (<em>β</em> = 0.011, <em>p</em> = 0.006). Marginal R² ranged 0.114–0.141; conditional R² 0.358–0.376.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Although average ratio did not differ between PWD and caregivers, it increased more steeply with age at higher dementia severity and agitation. These findings highlight the cortisol-to-DHEA(S) awakening response ratio as a non-invasive and clinically relevant biomarker reflecting symptom-linked neuroendocrine heterogeneity in dementia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72656,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100334"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}