Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology最新文献

{"title":"The influence of glucose intake and psychosocial stress on food craving in healthy adults","authors":"Flora Nasilowski,&nbsp;Julia Reichenberger,&nbsp;Bernadette Denk,&nbsp;Raphaela Gaertner,&nbsp;Elea Klink,&nbsp;Eva Unternaehrer,&nbsp;Nina Volkmer,&nbsp;Stella Wienhold,&nbsp;Jens Pruessner,&nbsp;Maria Meier","doi":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2026.100372","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2026.100372","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stress has been linked to the consumption of palatable food and may contribute to the development of obesity. Interindividual differences in cortisol stress reactivity are discussed as mediating mechanisms, yet findings linking food craving to cortisol reactivity are heterogeneous. Methodological differences in whether participants receive a sugary preload or are invited fasted may contribute to these divergences. Hence, this study set out to systematically investigate the effect of glucose and psychosocial stress on food craving in healthy adults.</div><div>Overall, 62 healthy, fasted adults (mean age = 23.13; <em>SD</em> = 3.02; 54.84 % female, 45.16 % male) reported current <em>food craving</em> on the Food Craving Questionnaire, received either <em>glucose</em> or <em>water</em> and were later exposed to psychosocial <em>stress</em> or a <em>friendly control condition</em>. After stressor exposure, food craving was assessed a second time. We repeatedly assessed salivary cortisol and blood glucose and used linear mixed models to test whether the experimental manipulations predicted changes in craving. We further explored associations with sex and stress-eating tendency.</div><div>Blood glucose increased in those consuming glucose and the stress test increased cortisol significantly. Higher cortisol reactivity, and a greater increase in blood glucose led to significant reductions in food craving over time. We found no supportive evidence that glucose and cortisol reactivity interactively affected craving.</div><div>These findings suggest that strong metabolic signals triggered by calorie intake may be more influential than cortisol in shaping immediate food craving in moderate, acute stress situations. Additionally, acute cortisol elevations may not universally promote food craving.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72656,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100372"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148736791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychosocial stress-associated alterations in microRNAs and their relevance for metabolic diseases: A systematic review","authors":"Nele Reinsberg,&nbsp;Ankush Borlepawar,&nbsp;Parvana Hajieva,&nbsp;Anett Müller-Alcazar","doi":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2026.100364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2026.100364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Psychosocial stress is associated with an increased risk of physical and mental illness. The diverse molecular mechanisms involved in this process are still not fully understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) may be involved not only in stress reactivity but also in the development of diseases. This systematic review aims to summarize psychosocial stress-related changes in miRNA expression in humans. Implications for metabolic diseases are investigated in an exploratory manner.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The review was pre-registered at PROSPERO (CRD42024590242). A systematic literature search was conducted in four databases (EBSCO, PSYNDEX, PubMed, Web of Science), to find original peer-reviewed studies that investigate miRNA changes in response to psychosocial stress in adults. Quality was assessed for all included studies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, 12 studies with N = 489 participants were included. The age of participants ranged from 18 to 84 years. Various methodological approaches were used to elicit and assess psychosocial stress, such as laboratory and academic stressors or self-reports. miRNAs were collected from blood, breast milk, and saliva over different time periods. 34 miRNAs were identified as being differentially expressed in response to psychosocial stress.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Several miRNAs were altered in response to psychosocial stress in humans. However, most of the identified miRNAs were detected in only one study, and the substantial heterogeneity in study designs poses a challenge for direct comparisons of the results. The investigation of stress-related miRNA changes is promising for future prevention and treatment of diseases and could contribute to a better understanding of miRNA-regulating mechanisms in metabolic diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72656,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100364"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148657714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TSST-home – A pilot study investigating a home version of the ‘Trier Social Stress Test’","authors":"Nadine Skoluda,&nbsp;Nida Ali,&nbsp;Urs M. Nater","doi":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2026.100369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2026.100369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) is a well-established laboratory stress-inducing paradigm. However, its implementation requires a research environment with dedicated personnel (usually at a research institution). When participants cannot travel to a research institution (due to age, mobility, or geographical restrictions), a home version of the TSST is needed. We have developed the TSST-home, which shares the essential characteristics with the laboratory version but is implemented at the participant's home. In this pilot study, we aimed to investigate the feasibility of the TSST-home and its ability to induce stress responses in comparison to a non-stressful control condition.</div><div>Seventeen healthy men (mean age and range: 24 years; 18-30 years) were exposed, in randomized order, to the TSST-home and the placebo-TSST-home (control condition) in their respective homes. During each session we assessed perceived stress, salivary cortisol, salivary alpha-amylase, heart rate to account for the multifaceted nature of acute stress responses.</div><div>Conservative and liberal cortisol responder rates (≥2.5 and ≥ 1.5 nmol/l increase) in the TSST-home condition were 70% and 82%, respectively. The TSST-home and placebo-TSST-home differed significantly in their trajectories of stress markers with stronger stress-induced responses across all stress measures in the TSST-home condition.</div><div>Findings suggest that the TSST-home elicits reliable and valid acute stress responses across different stress markers comparable to those found in the original laboratory-based TSST. This tool can be used to investigate stress responses of participants who cannot otherwise participate in laboratory-based studies at research institutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72656,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100369"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148635768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hair cortisol and cortisone and psychological well-being: an analysis of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing","authors":"Pei Qin,&nbsp;Andrew Steptoe","doi":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2026.100377","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2026.100377","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The study aimed to investigate the cross-sectional association of hair cortisol and cortisone with multiple dimensions of psychological well-being in older adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional analysis was conducted in 3899 participants aged ≥ 50 who provided hair samples in wave 6 (2012/13) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). Psychological outcomes included evaluative well-being (life satisfaction), hedonic well-being (feelings of happiness, pleasure, depression and anxiety), and eudaimonic well-being (living a worthwhile life). Multivariable linear regressions were used to explore the relationship between hair cortisol and cortisone concentration and psychological well-being.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, lifestyles, body mass index and hair treatment factors, hair cortisol concentration was positively related to depressive symptoms (β = 0.130; 95% CI 0.036, 0.224) and anxiety (β = 0.158; 95% CI 0.005, 0.310) but was not associated with other aspects of psychological well-being. Higher hair cortisone levels were associated with higher depressive symptoms (β = 0.276; 95% CI 0.101, 0.450) and anxiety (β = 0.317; 95% CI 0.035, 0.599), lower life satisfaction (β = −0.352; 95% CI -0.600, −0.104), lower ratings of living a worthwhile life (β = −0.427; 95%CI -0.651, −0.203), and lower happiness (β = −0.277, 95%CI -0.514, −0.039) after adjusting for sociodemographic factors, lifestyle, BMI, and hair-related covariates. Subgroup analyses showed significant associations between hair cortisone and psychological well-being in those aged &lt;65 and in female participants. There was a significant interaction between age and hair cortisone on anxiety, showing an association only in those aged&lt;65.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We found robust associations between hair cortisone and different dimensions of positive psychological well-being, but the only significant association for hair cortisol was with depression and anxiety. Further research is needed to explore whether hair cortisone is a potentially valuable biomarker for psychological well-being and to confirm the directionality and potential relevance of stress-related interventions in aging populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72656,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100377"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148736742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glucose as fuel for HPA axis regulation: A narrative review on energy metabolism, stress reactivity, and early life adversity","authors":"Jens C. Pruessner,&nbsp;Maria Meier","doi":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2026.100374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2026.100374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stress physiology and energy metabolism are inherently linked. While the physiological stress response mobilizes energy, early experimental work by Clemens Kirschbaum and colleagues demonstrated that glucose availability in turn shapes the stress response: Fasting attenuates cortisol reactivity, whereas glucose administration restores or amplifies it. Since then, an active line of research on this topic evolved, yet the role of glucose availability in shaping stress regulation still remains incompletely understood.</div><div>In this targeted, narrative review, we first synthesize evidence from the last 30 years that showed that blood glucose acts as a physiological modulator of acute HPA axis responsivity to stress. Second, we discuss these observations within the framework of the Selfish Brain Theory, which conceptualizes the endocrine stress axis and sympathetic nervous system as allocative systems that prioritize cerebral energy supply under conditions of acute stress. Third, we review potential consequences of the glucose-stress link in the context of stress occurring chronically or during sensitive developmental periods, such as early life adversity (ELA). Finally, we argue that future work should adopt a multisystemic perspective integrating more than just glucose as metabolic modulator as well as sympathetic, parasympathetic, endocrine processes alongside changes in affect. Here, we call for moving beyond controlled laboratory settings to investigate how energy metabolism and food intake shape stress perception in daily life. Such approaches may improve our understanding of how stress physiology and energy regulation jointly contribute to shaping the risk for metabolic and stress-related disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72656,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100374"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148736743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Special issue editorial: Menopause, andropause, and mental health","authors":"Veronika Engert ,&nbsp;Christiane Wesarg-Menzel","doi":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2026.100341","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2026.100341","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72656,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100341"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148178054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"System failure and health inequity in plain sight: Menopause, misdiagnosis, and the cost to women's physical, social, economic, mental health and wellbeing","authors":"Janet Michel ,&nbsp;Christine Bigler ,&nbsp;Djouroukoro Diallo ,&nbsp;Kristina Ardojan","doi":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2026.100353","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2026.100353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Women make up half of the global population, yet their health continues to be overlooked, underfunded, and insufficiently studied. At the same time, they represent 70–80% of the worldwide health care workforce. As a result, Europe is not only dealing with an ageing population but also an ageing health workforce. This means the very foundation of health care systems is itself being neglected and inadequately supported. The situation is further worsened by the lack of education on menopause among health care providers, as it is often not part of the medical curriculum. This gap in knowledge, combined with limited systemic support, leaves many women in menopause feeling uncertain, overwhelmed, and alone. The consequences for both their physical and mental well-being can be significant and concerning. That is why we are calling for multi-pronged action; i) Comprehensive Menopausal Education and Training ii) Increased Ring-Fenced Research Funding iii) Women-Led Research and Empowerment iv) Menopausal-Friendly Workplace Policies and v) Allyship of All Genders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72656,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100353"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148178053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of resilience on autonomic nervous system habituation to repeated stress exposure: Insights from heart rate variability and heart rate response","authors":"Christoph Rösner ,&nbsp;Husein Maryam ,&nbsp;Oliver Tüscher ,&nbsp;Katja Petrowski","doi":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2026.100349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2026.100349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><div>This study examines resilience's role in modulating autonomic nervous system (ANS) responses to repeated psychosocial stress, assessed via heart rate variability (HRV) and heart rate (HR) changes.</div></div><div><h3>Design and methods</h3><div>Sixty healthy males completed the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) across four sessions, each with six stress phases, to evaluate acute stress response and physiological habituation. Resilience, measured by the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), was analyzed in relation to HR, HRV indices.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Resilient individuals exhibited better physiological recovery after acute stressor, with increased RMSSD and SDNN post-stress and reduced HR, peak HR, and delta HR for repeated stressor. While HR parameters habituated to repeated stress, anticipatory anxiety (pre-TSST STAI) increased, highlighting a distinction between physiological adaptation and psychological stress anticipation. Despite RMSSD, SDNN and LF recovery after acute stressor, resilience did not significantly impact high-frequency (HF) power.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Resilience appears to enhance physiological recovery after acute stressor and adaptive physiological regulation under repeated stress, supporting its role as a protective factor. These findings have implications for interventions aimed at strengthening stress resilience and reducing allostatic load.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72656,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100349"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147803442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of rumination and reappraisal on repeated exposure to stress","authors":"Katja Langer,&nbsp;Oliver T. Wolf,&nbsp;Valerie L. Jentsch","doi":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2026.100351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2026.100351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adequate recovery and habituation to acute stressors in daily life are essential for mental health. One potential moderator might be the use of different emotion regulation (ER) strategies contributing to interindividual differences in vulnerability to chronic stress. Rumination has been linked to impaired endocrine adaptation, whereas reappraisal tendencies have been associated with boosted habituation to psychosocial stress. Yet, no experimental study has directly compared the causal effects of these strategies on psychoneuroendocrine responses to repeated stress. To address this gap, 91 healthy participants (47 women) underwent a short Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) twice on two consecutive days and were randomly assigned to a rumination, reappraisal, or control intervention in between. Cognitive-affective ratings indexed psychological stress, while salivary cortisol, alpha-amylase (sAA), and heart rate (HR) served as biomarkers. Across the entire sample, reduced increases in negative affect and cortisol in response to the second TSST confirmed successful habituation. As expected, rumination immediately increased negative affect, reduced positive affect, and lowered perceived coping abilities indicating successful induction of ruminative thinking. Moreover, it prevented physiological habituation to repeated stress, evidenced by stable cortisol and HR responses. Unexpectedly, reappraisal also lowered perceived coping abilities in men, followed by prolonged sAA reactivity to the first stress exposure, hinting at a sex-specific impairing effect of reappraisal on noradrenergic recovery. However, reappraisal neither affected cortisol recovery nor habituation, which may result from generally poor reappraisal performance. Together, these findings provide initial evidence for differential effects of rumination and reappraisal on psychophysiological adaptations to repeated TSST exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72656,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100351"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147849940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of physical activity and exercise interventions on white matter integrity in overweight and obese populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Dilip Shettigar ,&nbsp;Suresh Sukumar ,&nbsp;Rajagopal Kadavigere ,&nbsp;K. Vaishali ,&nbsp;Nitika C. Panakkal ,&nbsp;Winniecia Dkhar ,&nbsp;Abhimanyu Pradhan ,&nbsp;Baskaran Chandrasekaran ,&nbsp;Hari Prakash Palaniswamy ,&nbsp;Poovitha Shruthi Paramashiva ,&nbsp;Sneha Ravichandran ,&nbsp;Sathya Sabina Muthu ,&nbsp;Koustubh Kamath","doi":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2026.100352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpnec.2026.100352","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Obesity is associated with alterations in white matter microstructure, including reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) and elevated mean diffusivity (MD) and radial diffusivity (RD), which may contribute to cognitive decline. Physical activity interventions may offer neuroprotective benefits, but comprehensive evidence in overweight and obese populations remains limited.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objectives&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;To systematically evaluate the impact of physical activity interventions and cardiorespiratory fitness on white matter integrity, as measured by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), in individuals with overweight and obesity.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Ovid MEDLINE from inception to 19 August 2025. We included RCTs and observational studies examining physical activity interventions, cardiorespiratory fitness, or habitual physical activity in relation to DTI-derived white matter metrics in overweight or obese populations. Two reviewers independently conducted screening, data extraction, and risk-of-bias assessment using the RoB 2 and ROBINS-E tools. Meta-analyses were conducted in R using a multivariate multilevel model with Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) estimation to account for the non-independence of multiple effect sizes nested within studies.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Eight studies comprising an estimated 301 unique participants were included (5 RCTs and 3 cross-sectional studies). Seven studies focused on children and adolescents aged 7–11 years, and one examined older adults. The meta-analyses, conducted exclusively in pediatric RCTs, revealed no statistically significant effects of physical activity interventions on FA (SMD = 0.388, 95% CI: −0.123 to 0.900, p = 0.136), MD (SMD = −0.090, 95% CI: −0.245 to 0.065, p = 0.256), or RD (SMD = 0.454, 95% CI: −0.029 to 0.936, p = 0.065), though a non-significant trend toward reduced RD was observed. All three cross-sectional studies were derived from a single research cohort (ActiveBrains project) and showed largely inconsistent associations between physical fitness and white matter integrity, with most findings not surviving correction for multiple comparisons.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Following re-analysis using a methodologically appropriate multilevel model, physical activity interventions did not demonstrate statistically significant effects on any DTI metric in children with overweight or obesity. A non-significant trend toward reduced RD suggests a possible beneficial effect on myelin integrity warranting investigation in future adequately powered studies. The cross-sectional evidence is limited by its derivation from a single research cohort. Large-scale RCTs in adult and older adult populations with obesity, employing harmonised neuroimaging protocols and longer intervention durations, are needed to establish the effects of physical activity on white matter microst","PeriodicalId":72656,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100352"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147995679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}